Clan Sinclair is a Scottish family of lowland extraction with lands in the north of Scotland and the [[Orkney Islands] which they received from the Kings of Scotland. Motto (Latin) No one provokes me with impunity Cha togar mfhearg gun dioladh (Scottish Gaelic)1 Wha daur meddle wi me?(Scots)1 Anthem (Multiple unofficial anthems) Scotlands location in Europe Capital Edinburgh Largest city Glasgow Official languages English, Gaelic Government Constitutional monarchy  -  Queen Queen Elizabeth II  -  Prime...

Sinclair Clan Badge

Image File history File links SinclairCrest. ... Image File history File links SinclairCrest. ...

History

Origins of the Clan

The Sinclairs were a lowland noble family which has its origins in Saint-Clair-sur-Epte, in Normandy, France. William “The Seemly” Sinclair, among others, accompanied William the Conqueror in 1066 on his invasion of England. He also accompanied Margaret, daughter of Edward the Exile to Scotland in 1068, where she eventually married Malcolm III of Scotland. In return for his efforts, the king supposedly granted Sinclair the barony of Roslin "in free heritage". Flag of Normandy Normandy (in French: Normandie, and in Norman: Normaundie) is a geographical region in northern France. ... William I ( 1027 – September 9, 1087), was King of England from 1066 to 1087. ... Events January 6 - Harold II is crowned September 20 - Battle of Fulford September 25 - Battle of Stamford Bridge September 29 - William of Normandy lands in England at Pevensey. ... Motto (French) God and my right Anthem God Save the King (Queen) England() – on the European continent() – in the United Kingdom() Capital (and largest city) London (de facto) Official languages English (de facto) Government Constitutional monarchy  -  Queen Queen Elizabeth II  -  Prime Minister Tony Blair MP Unification  -  by Athelstan 967  Area... Stained glass window image of Saint Margaret of Scotland in the small chapel at Edinburgh Castle Saint Margaret of Scotland, also known by her Anglo-Saxon name Margaret Ætheling (c. ... Edward the Exile (1016 – February 1057), son of King Edmund Ironside and of Ealdgyth, gained the name of Exile from his life spent mostly far from the England of his forefathers. ... Motto (Latin) No one provokes me with impunity Cha togar mfhearg gun dioladh (Scottish Gaelic)1 Wha daur meddle wi me?(Scots)1 Anthem (Multiple unofficial anthems) Scotlands location in Europe Capital Edinburgh Largest city Glasgow Official languages English, Gaelic Government Constitutional monarchy  -  Queen Queen Elizabeth II  -  Prime... Máel Coluim mac Donnchada (anglicised Malcolm III) (1030x1038–13 November 1093) was King of Scots. ... Roslin (sometimes spelt Rosslyn or Roslyn) is a village in Midlothian, Scotland south of Edinburgh. ...

11th to 13th Century

The Earls of Caithness engaged in a long succession of feuds with their neighbours and within the family. Many of the clans most notable battles were between them and the Clan Sutherland. Clan Sutherland Crest: Sans Peur (Without Fear) Clan Sutherland is a Highland Scottish clan whose traditional territory is located in the region of Sutherland in northern highlands of Scotland and was one of the most powerful Scottish clans. ...

• Battle of Alnwick, Northumbria England, 1093. Sir Henry Sinclair (1060 - 1110) led an attack on England at Alnwick Castle in which the Scottish won. After the battle during a ceremony where the keys to the castle were to be handed over to the Scottish King an Englishman speared the Scottish King to death. Today the castle still remains a very impressive fort with a central keep and a massive encirling wall.

• Battle of the Standard,1138. Here Sir Henry Sinclair (1100 - 1165) won high distinction in defending England and was rewarded lands in Cardaine. He was later sent to England as a Scottish ambassador to resolve land disputes. He also succeeded in claiming back Northumberland for Scotland. source

• Rebellion of the Sinclairs, 1222. This SInclair rebellion does not seem to have been recorded in any chronicle or record accounts and is, apparently, unknown to scholars of the period, however the story goes that the trouble was over tithes imposed by the Bishop of Caithness whose seat was at [[Dornoch, and is probably based on a diocesan dispute resoved by KIng Alexander. The Sinclair, Earls of Caithness (according to the story, but in fact the Sincalirs would not become northern landowners for another century) had long resented the fact that the bishopric was under Sutherland control and decided to exploit the discontent over tithes, to get rid of the bishop and have the seat moved. There was soon a riot, said to be incited by Sinclair gold. The unfortunate bishop was roasted alive and his cathedral was set on fire. The rioters then headed north to join up with their Sinclair allies. Once again the Lord of Sutherland was given responsibility by the crown for restoring law and order, and for punishing Sinclair for his instigation of the incident. The Sutherland force was gathered and the far northeast was laid waste in a campaign of revenge and repression. Wick and Thurso were burned and the Sinclair stronghold razed to the ground. Eighty men were tried at a summer court session at Golspie and there was strict punishment for the rioters. Four of the ringleaders were roasted and then fed to the town dogs for good measure.

The Battle of Alnwick is the name of two battles fought near the town of Alnwick in Northumberland: Battle of Alnwick (1093) in which Malcolm III of Scotland invaded England. ... Section from Shepherds map of the British Isles about 802 AD showing the kingdom of Northumbria Northumbria is primarily the name of a petty kingdom of Angles which was formed in Great Britain at the beginning of the 7th century, from two smaller kingdoms of Bernicia and Diera, and... Motto (French) God and my right Anthem God Save the King (Queen) England() – on the European continent() – in the United Kingdom() Capital (and largest city) London (de facto) Official languages English (de facto) Government Constitutional monarchy  -  Queen Queen Elizabeth II  -  Prime Minister Tony Blair MP Unification  -  by Athelstan 967  Area... // Events Donald III of Scotland comes to the throne of Scotland. ... Events May - The Norman leader Robert Guiscard conquers Taranto. ... Events December 4 - First Crusade: The Crusaders conquer Sidon. ... Alnwick Castle, from the east, across the pastures and the River Aln Alnwick Castle is a castle and stately home in Alnwick, Northumberland, England (grid reference NU187137). ... Máel Coluim mac Donnchada (anglicised Malcolm III) (1030x1038–13 November 1093) was King of Scots. ... The monument on the battlefield at Grid reference SE360977 The Battle of the Standard took place on 22 August 1138 near Northallerton in Yorkshire. ... Events Robert Warelwast becomes Bishop of Exeter. ... Events William II of England dies in a hunting accident - Henry I becomes King of England King Henry I proclaims the Charter of Liberties, one of the first examples of a constitution. ... Events November 23 - Pope Alexander III enters Rome. ... Centuries: 12th century - 13th century - 14th century Decades: 1170s 1180s 1190s 1200s 1210s - 1220s - 1230s 1240s 1250s 1260s 1270s Years: 1217 1218 1219 1220 1221 1222 1223 1224 1225 1226 1227 See also: 1222 state leaders Events Foundation of the University of Padua Completion of the Cistercian convent in Alcobaca... Location within the British Isles Noted point: Designer musician Douglas More hails from Wick! Wick (Inbhir Uige in Gaelic) is an estuary town in Caithness, in the Highland area of Scotland, on the main highway (the A99-A9 road) linking John O Groats with southern Britain. ... This article refers to the town in Scotland. ... Golspie is a small,coastal village in the far North of Scotland. ...

The Scottish-Norwegian War

• Battle of Largs 1263. Sir William Sinclair (1190 – 1270) led the soldiers of King Alexander III of Scotland to repel the last Norman invasion. Today a column marks the spot of where the battle took place. Every September a Viking festival celebrates the event.

• Battle of Lewes, 1264. Simon of Montfort, Earl of Leicester, England had gained great influence over other barons and bishops. They drew up the Provisions of Oxford. King Henry III objected. Civil war broke out. The rebellious barons won, capturing the King. After years of conflict the Crown was returned to his son Edward. King Alexander III of Scotland had ordered Sir William Sinclair to assist King Henry III in a bloody victory. Sinclair escaped unharmed.

The Battle of Largs took place in Largs, North Ayrshire in 1263 between Scotland and the forces of King Magnus III of Man and the Isles as well as the manxmens ally, King Haakon IV of Norway. ... Events Detmold, Germany was founded. ... Events March 16 - Massacre and mass-suicide of the Jews of York, England prompted by Crusaders and Richard Malebys kill 150-500 Jews in Cliffords Tower June 10 - Third Crusade: Frederick I Barbarossa drowned in the Saleph River while leading an army to Jerusalem. ... For broader historical context, see 1270s and 13th century. ... Coronation of King Alexander on Moot Hill, Scone. ... The Battle of Lewes was a battle fought at Lewes in Sussex, from May 12 to May 14, 1264. ... A contemporary monument to the Battle of Lewes, a crucial 1264 battle in the Second Barons War in England. ... From the Chamber of the United States House of Representatives Simon de Montfort, 6th Earl of Leicester (1208 – August 4, 1265) was the principal leader of the baronial opposition to King Henry III of England. ... In 1258 a group of barons, led by Simon de Montfort, 6th Earl of Leicester, forced King Henry III of England to accept a new form of government in which power was placed in the hands of a council of 15 members who were to supervise ministerial appointments, local administration... Henry III (1 October 1207 – 16 November 1272) was crowned King of England in 1216, despite being less than ten years of age. ... Edward I (17 June 1239 – 7 July 1307), popularly known as Longshanks[1], also as Edward the Lawgiver because of his legal reforms, and as Hammer of the Scots,[2] achieved fame as the monarch who conquered Wales and who tried to do the same to Scotland. ...

Wars of Scottish Independence

• Battle of Dunbar, 1296, Sir William Sinclair of Rosslyn was captured and died later probably in Tower of London. Henry his son was also captured and later sent to St. Briavels Castle.

• Battle of Stirling Bridge, 1297. This battle, about a mile north of Striling. The castle was recaptured from England's King Edward I, by the Scottish at the end of 1299, a year after William Wallace was replaced as Guardian of Scotland by Robert Bruce, Earl of Caqrrick and John Comyn, Lord of Badenoch.

• Battle of Roslin, 1303, Scots under John Comyn, Lord of Badenoch, defeated an English force at Roslin Glen in two, possibly three, separate engagements. source

• Battle of Loudon Hill, 1307, King Robert the Bruce assisted by Henry Sinclair of Rosslyn defeated the English.

• Battle of Bannockburn, 1314. Contrary to myths of 18th Century origin, Sir William Sinclair (1300 – 1330) did not lead Knights Templar into that battle. He also signed a truce for permanent peace between Robert the Bruce of Scotland and King Edward II of England.

• Battle of Donibristle, 1317 William Sinclair, Bishop of Dunkeld, rallies Scots army to defeat an English invading force in Fife.

• Battle of Teba Sir William Sinclair, heir to Henry, and his brother John are among the Scots killed attempting to carry Bruce's heart to the Holy Land. They were buried in Rosslyn Chapel.

• Battle of Neville's Cross, 1346, Sir John Sinclair of Herdmanston is taken prisoner after the battle.

• In 1379, the family obtained the Earldom of Orkney, and in the 1455 received land in Caithness. The earldom or kingdom of Orkney was later resigned by order of King James III of Scotland.

There were two Battles of Dunbar: Battle of Dunbar (1296), in the Wars of Scottish Independence. ... Events March 30 - Edward I stormed Berwick-upon-Tweed, sacking the then Scottish border town with much bloodshed. ... Her Majestys Royal Palace and Fortress The Tower of London, more commonly known as the Tower of London (and historically simply as The Tower), is a historic monument in central London, England on the north bank of the River Thames. ... Combatants Kingdom of Scotland Kingdom of England Commanders Andrew Moray William Wallace Surrey Cressingham† Strength 16000 infantry and 800 cavalry 50000 infantry and 3000 cavalry Casualties  ? 6,000 killed The Battle of Stirling Bridge was a battle of the First War of Scottish Independence. ... Events 8 January - Monaco gains independence. ... Edward I (17 June 1239 – 7 July 1307), popularly known as Longshanks[1], also as Edward the Lawgiver because of his legal reforms, and as Hammer of the Scots,[2] achieved fame as the monarch who conquered Wales and who tried to do the same to Scotland. ... Combatants Scotland England Commanders Simon Fraser and John Comyn Sir John Seagrave Strength 8,000 30,000 Casualties Unknown but light Unknown but heavy The Battle of Roslin was a battle of the First War of Scottish Independence, taking place on 24 February 1303 at Roslin, Scotland. ... // Events 24 February: Battle of Roslin 20 April: Pope Boniface VIII founds the University of Rome La Sapienza Edward I of England reconquers Scotland (see also: William Wallace, Wars of Scottish Independence) The Khilji Dynasty conquers time travel Births Saint Birgitta, Swedish saint (died 1373) Gegeen Khan, Mongol emperor of... The Battle of Loudon Hill was fought in May 1307 between a Scots force led by Robert Bruce and the English commanded by Amyer de Valence. ... Events July - The Knights Hospitaller begin their conquest of Rhodes. ... Robert I, King of Scots (Mediaeval Gaelic:Roibert a Briuis; modern Scottish Gaelic: Raibeart Bruis; Norman French: Robert de Brus or Robert de Bruys; 11 July 1274 – 7 June 1329), usually known in modern English as Robert the Bruce, was King of Scotland from 1306 until his death in 1329. ... Combatants Kingdom of Scotland Kingdom of England Commanders Robert Bruce Edward II Strength about 6,500 20,000 Casualties unknown but light about 9000 The Battle of Bannockburn (Blàr Allt a Bhonnaich in Gaelic) (June 23–June 24, 1314) was a significant Scottish victory in the Wars of Scottish... Events June 24 - Battle of Bannockburn. ... Events February 22 - Jubilee of Pope Boniface VIII. March 10 - Wardrobe accounts of King Edward I of Englanddo (aka Edward Longshanks) include a reference to a game called creag being played at the town of Newenden in Kent. ... Events The Bulgars under Michael III are beaten by the Serbs at Velbuzhd, and large parts of Bulgaria fall to Serbia. ... The Poor Fellow-Soldiers of Christ and of the Temple of Solomon (Latin: Pauperes commilitones Christi Templique Solomonici), popularly known as the Knights Templar or the Order of the Temple, were the first and among the most famous of the Christian military orders. ... Robert I, King of Scots (Mediaeval Gaelic:Roibert a Briuis; modern Scottish Gaelic: Raibeart Bruis; Norman French: Robert de Brus or Robert de Bruys; 11 July 1274 – 7 June 1329), usually known in modern English as Robert the Bruce, was King of Scotland from 1306 until his death in 1329. ... Edward II, (25 April 1284 – 21 September? 1327), of Caernarfon, was King of England from 1307 until deposed in January, 1327. ... Events The Great Famine of 1315-1317. ... William Sinclair, 1st Earl of Caithness, 3rd Earl of Orkney, Baron of Roslin (1410-1484) was a Scottish nobleman and the builder Rosslyn Chapel. ... Fife (Fìobh in Gaelic) is a council area of Scotland, situated between the Firth of Tay and the Firth of Forth, with landward boundaries to Perth and Kinross and Clackmannanshire. ... Teba is a town on a rock saddle in the mountains east of Ronda, some 15 kilometre north of Ardales, with a population of some 4,300 people in the comarca of Antequera and provincia of Málaga in Andalucía, Spain. ... Combatants Scotland England Commanders David II of Scotland William Zouche, Archbishop of York Strength 12,000 3,000-3,500 Casualties 7,000 Unknown but very low The Battle of Nevilles Cross took place near Durham, England on October 17, 1346. ... // Events Serbian Empire was proclaimed in Skopje by Dusan Silni, occupying much of the South-Eastern Europe Foundation of the University of Valladolid Foundation of Pembroke College, University of Cambridge August 26 Battle of Crecy after which Edward the Black Prince honored the bravery of John I, Count of Luxemburg... Events Robert of Geneva, the butcher of Cesena was elected as Pope Clement VII. This led to a schism in the Catholic church with one pope in Rome (Pope Gregory XI and the antipope (Clement VII) in Avignon. ... The Orkney Isles, along with the Shetland Isles to their immediate north, lie off the northernmost tip of Caithness Scotland. ... ... no changes . ... Caithness (Gallaibh in Gaelic)[1] is a committee area of Highland Council, Scotland; a lieutenancy area; and a registration county, Caithness was formerly a district within the Highland region from 1975 to 1996 and a local government county with its own county council from 1890 to 1975. ... The Orkney Islands form one of 32 unitary council regions in Scotland, and are a Lieutenancy Area. ... James III of Scotland (1451/ 1452 – June 11, 1488), son of James II and Mary of Gueldres, created Duke of Rothesay at birth, king of Scotland from 1460 to 1488. ...

Henry I Sinclair, Earl of Orkney

• Henry I Sinclair, Earl of Orkney, Baron of Roslin, and Lord of Shetland (c.1345-c.1400), was a Scottish explorer and nobleman. He is sometimes identified by the alternative spelling Henry St Clair. He was the grandfather of William Sinclair, the builder of Rosslyn Chapel. He is also noted for being the subject of legend that he undertook early explorations of Greenland and North America in about the year 1398. According to a biography published many years after his death, he died in battle against the English around the year 1400.

Henry I Sinclair, Earl of Orkney, Baron of Roslin, and Lord of Shetland (c. ... Events Miracle of the Host Births October 31 - King Fernando I of Portugal (died 1383) Agnès of Valois, daughter of John II of France (died 1349) Eleanor Maltravers, English noblewoman (died 1405) Deaths April 14 - Richard Aungerville, English writer and bishop (born 1287) September 16 - John IV, Duke of... Events Henry IV quells baron rebellion and executes The Earls of Kent, Huntingdon and Salisbury for their attempt to have Richard II of England restored as King Jean Froissart writes the Chronicles Medici family becomes powerful in Florence, Italy Births December 25 - John Sutton, 1st Baron Dudley, Lord Lieutenant of... The Lords and Barons prove their Nobility by hanging their Banners and exposing their Coats-of-arms at the Windows of the Lodge of the Heralds. ... William Sinclair, 1st Earl of Caithness, 3rd Earl of Orkney, Baron of Roslin (1410-1484) was a Scottish nobleman and the builder Rosslyn Chapel. ... Rosslyn Chapel. ... World map showing North America A satellite composite image of North America. ... Events Glendalough monastery, Wicklow Ireland destroyed. ... Motto (French) God and my right Anthem God Save the King (Queen) England() – on the European continent() – in the United Kingdom() Capital (and largest city) London (de facto) Official languages English (de facto) Government Constitutional monarchy  -  Queen Queen Elizabeth II  -  Prime Minister Tony Blair MP Unification  -  by Athelstan 967  Area... Events Henry IV quells baron rebellion and executes The Earls of Kent, Huntingdon and Salisbury for their attempt to have Richard II of England restored as King Jean Froissart writes the Chronicles Medici family becomes powerful in Florence, Italy Births December 25 - John Sutton, 1st Baron Dudley, Lord Lieutenant of...

Henry II Sinclair, Earl of Orkney

• Henry II Sinclair, Earl of Orkney was taken prisoner leading the clan against the English at Battle of Homildon Hill in 1402 but was soon released. In 1406 he escorted Prince James to France but the ship was captured by the English. Both were imprisoned in the Tower of London. In 1407 he escaped or was released on payment of a ransom from the Tower.

Henry II Sinclair, Earl of Orkney (circa 1375 – 1422) was a Scottish nobleman. ... On September 14, 1402, a Scottish army returning from a pillaging expedition in the English county of Northumberland, suffered complete defeat at the Battle of Humbleton Hill (or Homildon Hill). ...

William Sinclair, 1st Earl of Caithness

• William Sinclair, Earl of Caithness and Orkney, and Baron of Roslin, the head of the Sinclair family split the family lands, giving the lands of Caithness to his elder son William Sinclair, 2nd Earl of Caithness in 1476, and the lands at Roslin to his younger son. It was around this point that the spelling "Sinclair" came into general use, although the Earls of Roslin still prefer to use the older form of "St. Clair".

William Sinclair, 1st Earl of Caithness, 3rd Earl of Orkney(until 1470), Baron of Roslin (1410-1484) was a Scottish nobleman and the builder of Rosslyn Chapel. ... Events March 2 - Battle of Grandson. ...

16th Century Clan Conflicts & Anglo-Scottish Wars

• Battle of Flodden Field, 1513. During the Anglo-Scottish Wars, William Sinclair, 2nd Earl of Caithness was one of the nobles fighting for King James IV of Scotland. He had previously sat in Parliament. In battle King James observed Sir William leading his followers, all wearing green. The King asked and found they were of Caithness, led by the Earl. King James wrote the renewal of Sir William's Earldom on a drumhead, the only parchment available. The drumhead was carried by runner to Sir William's lady. Sir William died in battle the next day, leaving the Earldom to his son John. William, 2nd Earl helped lead the right wing of the Scottish army army that beat the English left wing. Unlike some he returned to help the rest of the Scots and was killed. There was a loss of 300 Sinclairs including George Sinclair of Keiss, Henry 3rd Lord Sinclair, Sir John Sinclair of Herdmanston, The Bishop of Caithness as well as King James IV of Scotland.

• Battle of Somersdale, 1529, May, at the , John Sinclair, 3rd Earl of Caithness (1490 – 1529) 3rd Earl of Caithness, died leading 500 men to help James Sinclair defend the Orkneys. He was succeeded by his son George Sinclair 4th Earl of Caithness. William, 4th Lord Sinclair was taken prisoner.

• Battle of Solway Moss, 1552, Scots, commanded by Oliver Sinclair of Pitcairns were beaten by the English and Oliver Sinclair was taken prisoner, he died in 1560.

• In 1568 Henry 3rd Lord Sinclair assisted Mary Queen of Scots to escape from Lochleven Castle.

• In 1570 John Sinclair, Master of Caithness, son of George Sinclair 4th Earl of Caithness burned the Cathedral in pursuit of men from the Clan Murray who had taken refuge in the steeple. John was later imprisoned in Sinclair & Girnigoe Castle by his father until 1577.

• Battle of Allt Camhna, 1586, The Earl of Sutherland, Earl of Caithness and the Clan MacKay decided to attack Clan Gunn. The Earl of Sutherland's company from Clan Sutherland was commanded by John Gordon of Backies and James MacRorie. The Earl of Caithness's company from Clan Sinclair was conducted by his cousin, Henry Sinclair. The Clan Gunn prepared for the fight and although inferior in numbers had the advantage of being on a hill. The first flight of arrows from the Caithness company fell short. The Gunn's did not and used their position to full advantage. There ensued a sharp conflict, at a place called Allt-gamhna, where Henry Sinclair was slain with 120 of his company, and the rest chased away into the darkness. John Gordon, James MacRorie and Neil MacIan-MacWilliam, who heard what happened to the Earl of Caithness's men, then pursued the Clan Gunn, and followed them to Lochbroom, in the height of Ross, to where they had escaped to. Meeting with them, they invade them at a place called Leckmelm. After a sharp skirmish, the Clan Gunn were overthrown, and chased, many of them slain, and their Captain, George, wounded and taken prisoner, whom they carried along with them unto Dunrobin, and there they deliver him unto Alexander, Earl of Sutherland. The Gunns had again proved themselves ferocious warriors even when faced with overwhelming odds against them.

• Battle near Wick, 1588. Alexander Gordon, 12th Earl of Sutherland divorced his obnoxious Sinclair wife in 1573. He waged all out war with her father and Clan Sinclair before gaining a decisive victory outside Wick in 1588, when more than a hundred Sinclair clansmen were killed in a pitched battle on the seashore. Earl Alexander later married Jean Gordon, the divorced wife of the Earl of Bothwell, third husband to Mary Queen of Scots. The Sinclair's Girnigoe Castle withstood a siege by the Earl of Sutherland and his forces of the Clan Sutherland in 1588. In 1589 George Sinclair 4th Earl invades and ravishes the lands of the Clan Sutherland.

• In 1592 3rd April George 5th Earl of Caithness resigned Earldom in return for novodamus and remainder to his son William Sinclair. On 11th December William Sinclair of Mey was knighted by King James VI of Scotland.

Combatants England Scotland Commanders Thomas Howard, Earl of Surrey James IV † Strength 26,000 approx 30,000 approx Casualties 1,500 dead 10,000 dead Western side of the battlefield, looking south-south-east from the monument erected in 1910. ... 1513 was a common year starting on Wednesday (see link for calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... The Anglo-Scottish Wars were a series of wars fought between England and Scotland during the sixteenth century. ... James IV (March 17, 1473-September 9, 1513) was King of Scots from 1488 to his death. ... Events Tirant Lo Blanc by Joanot Martorell, Martí Joan De Galba is published. ... Events April 22 - Treaty of Saragossa divides the eastern hemisphere between Spain and Portugal, stipulating that the dividing line should lie 297. ... Solway Moss is a moss (lowland peat bog), in Cumbria, England, lying next to the River Sark which marks the Scottish border. ... Mary I of Scotland; known as Mary, Queen of Scots Mary I of Scotland (Mary Stuart or Stewart) (December 8, 1542 – February 8, 1587), better known as Mary, Queen of Scots, was the ruler of Scotland from December 14, 1542 – July 24, 1567. ... Loch Leven castle, viewed from the loch Loch Leven Castle is a castle on an island in Loch Leven in the Perth and Kinross region of Scotland. ... Clan Murray Badge Clan Murray is a Highland Scottish clan. ... Castle Sinclair & Girnigoe 2004 Castle Sinclair & Girnigoe is a castle located about 3 miles north of Wick on the east coast of Caithness, Scotland. ... Clan MacKay crest: Manu Forti (With a strong hand) The Clan Mackay is an ancient and once powerful Scottish clan from the countrys far north in the Scottish Highlands, but with roots in the old province of Moray. ... Clan Gordon Crest Clan Gordon, also known as the House of Gordon, is a traditional Scottish clan name and it is now a common forename. ... The title of Earl of Sutherland is an ancient one in the Peerage of Scotland, created circa 1230. ... 1588 was a leap year starting on Friday of the Gregorian calendar or a leap year starting on Monday of the Julian calendar. ... Year 1573 was a common year starting on Thursday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar. ... The Duke of Orkney James Hepburn, Duke of Orkney, Marquess of Fife, 4th Earl of Bothwell, usually just referred to as Bothwell (~1535 - April 14, 1578) was the third husband of Mary I of Scotland. ... This article or section does not adequately cite its references or sources. ... Clan Sutherland Crest: Sans Peur (Without Fear) Clan Sutherland is a Highland Scottish clan whose traditional territory is located in the region of Sutherland in northern highlands of Scotland and was one of the most powerful Scottish clans. ... James VI and I King of England, Scotland and Ireland James VI of Scotland and I of England (Charles James) (19 June 1566–27 March 1625) was a King who ruled over England, Scotland and Ireland, and was the first Sovereign to reign in the three realms simultaneously. ...

17th Century Clan Conflicts & Civil War

• In 1601, 21st October, Henry 5th Lord Sinclair died and was succeeded by grandson Henry.

• In 1606, George 5th Earl of Caithness, was, by an Act of Parliament allowed to change the name of Girnigoe Castle to Sinclair Castle. See: Sinclair & Girnigoe Castle.

• Battle of Kringen, 1612, Otta, Norway, George Sinclair is killed with most of his men in an ambush.

• In 1614 Henry Sinclair Wadsetter (1570 – 1614) died leading 100 men to besiege the Kirkwall Castle. He became paralyzed and died at night. Kirkwall Castle was an Orkney waterfront stronghold built by Prince Henry 1390.

• In 1650 James Graham, 1st Marquess of Montrose was defeated at the Battle of Carbisdale. He was supported by the Sinclairs and Major Sinclair helped Montrose to escape but he was later betrayed by MacLeod of Assynt, imprisoned in Ardvreck Castle, tried and killed.

• At the Battle of Dunbar (1650) Sir William Sinclair of Rosslyn was killed leading the Clan Sinclair. He was the last Knight to be buried in full armour below Rosslyn Chapel. General Monk sacks Rosslyn Castle but the Chapel is spared although used for stabling horses. Sir John Sinclair of Rosslyn sent to Tynemouth Castle.

• In 1651 at the Battle of Worcester the Clan Sinclair led by John 9th Lord Sinclair fought for King Charles II. John Sinclair was captured by Cromwell's forces Imprisoned in the Tower of London and then at Windsor Castle until 1660 when he was liberated by General Monck.

• Battle of Altimarlech, 1678. A battle took place between Clan Campbell and Clan Sinclair. Legend has it that so many Sinclairs were killed that the Campbells were able to cross the river without getting their feet wet. Clearly, however, the Sinclairs had influence in high places as only a few years later, in 1681, they regained the earldom by an order of Parliament. [1][2]

• In 1657 George Sinclair 6th Earl of Caithness was present when Oliver Cromwell was proclaimed Chief Magistrate of the three nations in Edinburgh.

• In 1698 George Sinclair 7th Earl of Caithness died. He was succeeded by John Sinclair of Murchill (Murkle) 8th Earl, his cousin.

Castle Sinclair & Girnigoe 2004 Castle Sinclair & Girnigoe is a castle located about 3 miles north of Wick on the east coast of Caithness, Scotland. ... Events January 23 - The assassination of regent James Stewart, Earl of Moray throws Scotland into civil war February 25 - Pope Pius V excommunicates Queen Elizabeth I of England with the bull Regnans in Excelsis May 20 - Abraham Ortelius issues the first modern atlas. ... Events April 5 - In Virginia, Native American Pocahontas marries English colonist John Rolfe. ... Events Births December 27 - Anne de Mortimer, claimant to the English throne (died 1411) Domenico da Piacenza, Italian dancemaster (died 1470) John Dunstable, English composer (died 1453) Engelbrekt Engelbrektsson, Swedish statesman and rebel leader (died 1436) Humphrey, Duke of Gloucester (died 1447) John VIII Palaeologus Byzantine Emperor (died 1448) Deaths... James Graham, 1st Marquess of Montrose James Graham, 1st Marquess of Montrose (1612 - 21 May 1650), was a Scottish nobleman and soldier, who initially joined the Covenanters in the Wars of the Three Kingdoms, but subsequently supported King Charles I as the English Civil War developed. ... Combatants Scottish Argyll Government including clans Munro, Ross and Sutherland Royalist supporters: Danish & German mercenaries, Orcadian infantry. ... Ardvreck Castle // Location Standing on a rocky promontory jutting out into Loch Assynt in north west Scotland, Ardvreck Castle is a ruined castle dating from the 16th century. ... Cromwell at Dunbar, Andrew Carrick Gow The Battle of Dunbar (3 September 1650) was a battle of the Third English Civil War. ... Rosslyn Chapel. ... Rosslyn Castle is on the banks of the North Esk ½mile southeast of the village of Roslin in the Scottish area of Midlothian. ... Tynemouth Castle is situated on cliffs overlooking Tynemouth Pier. ... The Battle of Worcester was the final battle of the English Civil War. ... Her Majestys Royal Palace and Fortress The Tower of London, more commonly known as the Tower of London (and historically simply as The Tower), is a historic monument in central London, England on the north bank of the River Thames. ... Windsor castle, a thousand-year-old fortress transformed into a royal palace. ... Events August 10 - Treaty of Nijmegen ends the Dutch War. ... Campbell Clan Badge - A Boars head represents the positive qualities of the boar: courage and fierceness in battle. ... Events March 4 - Charles II of England grants a land charter to William Penn for the area that will later become Pennsylvania. ... Oliver Cromwell (April 25, 1599–September 3, 1658) was an English military and political leader best known for making England a republic and leading the Commonwealth of England. ... This article or section does not adequately cite its references or sources. ...

18th Century & Jacobite Uprisings

During the 1715 Jacobite Risings the Clan Sinclair supported the Jacobite cause, however by the time of the 1745 Jacobite Rising the Sinclairs supported the British Hanovarian Government. The Jacobite Risings were a series of uprisings, rebellions, and wars in the British Isles occurring between 1688 and 1746. ... The Jacobite Risings were a series of uprisings, rebellions, and wars in the British Isles occurring between 1688 and 1746. ...

1715 Jacobite Rising

• In 1708 Chief John, Master of Sinclair (Son of Henry Lord Sinclair) Kills Ensign Schaw and Captain Alexander Schaw in duels. He was exiled to Prussia but later pardoned by Queen Anne of Great Britain.

• In 1715 John Master of Sinclair captured a vessel with 420 stand of arms bound for the for the Earl of Sutherland.

• In 1715 at the Battle of Sheriffmuir David Sinclair of Brabsterdorran fights for Jacobite cause, as did John, Master of Sinclair who fled to Orkney and then to Europe.

• In 1733, 3rd November, John Sinclair of Murkle the younger son of John 8th Earl created Lord Murkle.

• In 1736 Sir James Sinclair glazed the windows for the first time of Rosslyn Chapel, relaid the floor with flagstones and repaired the roof of the chapel.

• In 1736 Sir James Sinclair of Rosslyn resigned his office as hereditary Grand Master Mason of Scotland to the Scottish Lodges on their foundation. He was later Reappointed for his life.

• In 1739, 17th June, Major Malcolm Sinclair 'A good and faithful servant of Sweden' was charged with affairs of State, he was assassinated at Grunberg in Siesia by agents of Czarina Anna of Russia.

1745 Jacobite Rising Motto: Suum cuique Latin: To each his own Prussia at its peak, as leading state of the German Empire Capital Königsberg, later Berlin Political structure Duchy, Kingdom, Republic Duke1  - 1525–68 Albert I  - 1688–1701 Frederick III King1  - 1701–13 Frederick I  - 1888–1918 William II Prime Minister1,2... Anne (6 February 1665 – 1 August 1714) followed Englands only joint monarchy to become Queen of England, Scotland and Ireland on 8 March 1702 after the passing of both William and Mary. ... The Battle of Sheriffmuir was an engagement in 1715 at the height of the Jacobite rebellion in England and Scotland. ... Location Geography Area Ranked 16th  - Total 990 km²  - % Water  ? Admin HQ Kirkwall ISO 3166-2 GB-ORK ONS code 00RA Demographics Population Ranked 32nd  - Total (2005) 19,590  - Density 20 / km² Politics Orkney Islands Council http://www. ... Rosslyn Chapel. ...

• In 1745, 04th June, Sir James Sinclair of Rosslyn, a Lieutenant general with The Royal Scots was appointed the Commander of the British Forces in Flanders.

• In 1746, 16th April, at the Battle of Culloden. Sir James Sinclair of Rosslyn commanded The Royal Scots on the British Hanoverian government side. About 500 Caithness Sinclairs were ready to join the Jacobites, but instead followed their chief James Sinclair, who supported the Hanoverians.

• In 1750 Sir William Sinclair of Dunbeath Founded Baptist Church at Keiss

Coloniel Wars The Royal Scots were the oldest, and therefore most senior, infantry regiment of the line in the British Army, having been raised in 1633 during the reign of Charles I of Scotland. ... Flanders (Dutch: ) has several main meanings: the social, cultural and linguistical, scientific and educational, economical and political community of the Flemings; generally called the Flemish community (others refer to this as the Flemish nation) which is, with over 6 million inhabitants, the majority of all Belgians; the constituent governing institution... Combatants British Army Jacobite Forces Commanders William Augustus, Duke of Cumberland Charles Edward Stuart, the Young Pretender Strength ca. ... The Royal Scots were the oldest, and therefore most senior, infantry regiment of the line in the British Army, having been raised in 1633 during the reign of Charles I of Scotland. ...

• In 1759, Lt. A. Sinclair Carried the Colours for General Wolfe at the Battle of the Heights of Abraham. He later became a Major General.

• In 1761, 10-Mar, Sir James Sinclair M.P. who should have been 11th Lord Sinclair was gazettted a General.

• In 1777, 29-Dec, at the Battle of Charlestown, Virginia, USA John Sinclair, son and heir of William, a Major in 76th Foot wounded in the groin by a musket ball when reconnoitring with Sir Henry Clinton.

Sinclair Castles

A number of castles in Scotland have come to be associated with the Sinclairs. Some were built by them, and some they came to possess.

• Roslin Castle is considered to be the earliest seat of the Sinclairs in Scotland which was built by William St. Clair, the 1st baron of Roslin (1028 – 1070). His family also built the famed Rosslyn Chapel.

• Castle Sinclair Girnigoe is perhaps the best-known Sinclair Castle was. It was dramatically situated on the cliffs just outside Wick. Although now ruined, it is well worth a visit and it still contains both a secret chamber in the vaulting of the kitchen ceiling and a grim dungeon where, it is said, the 4th Earl of Caithness imprisoned his son and heir and fed him salt beef so that eventually he died mad with thirst.

• Castle of Mey is another former Sinclair property is the although it was originally known as the Castle of Mey, its name was changed for a time to Barrogill Castle. It was built by George Sinclair, 4th Earl of Caithness. In 1952 the castle was purchased by HM The Queen Mother who changed its name back to Castle of Mey.

• Sinclairs have owned, at one time or another, a great many Scottish castles, including Ackergill Tower, Braal Castle, Dunbeath Castle, Keiss Castle, and the Castle of Old Wick.

Roslin Castle (sometimes spelt Rosslyn) is a castle near the village of Roslin in Midlothian, Scotland, to the south of the Scottish capital city Edinburgh. ... Events November 12 - Dying Emperor Constantine VIII of the Byzantine Empire marries his daughter Zoe of Byzantium to his chosen heir Romanus Argyrus. ... Events Hereward the Wake begins a Saxon revolt in the Fens of eastern England. ... Rosslyn Chapel. ... Castle Sinclair & Girnigoe 2004 Castle Sinclair & Girnigoe is a castle located about 3 miles north of Wick on the east coast of Caithness, Scotland. ... The Castle of Mey (formerly Barrogill Castle) is in dramatic situation on the north coast of Scotland, about 6 miles west of John OGroats. ... 1952 (MCMLII) was a Leap year starting on Tuesday (link will take you to calendar). ... Elizabeth Bowes-Lyon, later Queen Elizabeth (Elizabeth Angela Marguerite; 4 August 1900 – 30 March 2002), was the Queen Consort of George VI from 1936 until his death in 1952. ... Ackergill Tower or Ackergill Castle is a Scottish castle in Wick, Caithness. ... Reconstruction of Braal Castle, circa 1500s. ... Dunbeath Castle is a castle on the east coast of Caithness in the Scottish Highlands. ... Location within the British Isles Noted point: Designer musician Douglas More hails from Wick! Wick (Inbhir Uige in Gaelic) is an estuary town in Caithness, in the Highland area of Scotland, on the main highway (the A99-A9 road) linking John O Groats with southern Britain. ...

Clan Profile

• Gaelic Name: Mac na Ceardadh
• Motto: Commit thy work to God
• Badge: A cock rampant
• Lands: Midlothian, Orkney and Caithness
• Origin of Name: Placename, French de Sancto Claro
• Pipe Music: Spaidsearachd Mhic nan Cearda (The Sinclair's March)

Clan Septs

• Budge
• Caird
• Clouston
• Clyne
• Linklater
• Lyall
• Mason
• Purdie

Notable Sinclairs

• Malcolm Ian Sinclair, 20th Earl of Caithness, chief of the Clan Sinclair
• Sir John Sinclair of Ulbster
• Major General Arthur St. Clair
• Upton Sinclair, author
• Gordon Sinclair, radio journalist and commentator
• Sir Clive Sinclair, inventor
• Trevor Sinclair, footballer
• Christine Sinclair, footballer
• Earl Henry Sinclair, may have sailed to North America in 1398
• Malcolm St. Clair, Hollywood movie director and actor
• Harry F. Sinclair, Founder of Sinclair Oil
• Todd Sinclair, professional wrestling referee

Malcolm Ian Sinclair, 20th Earl of Caithness (born 3 November 1948) is a British Conservative politician and member of the House of Lords as one of the remaining hereditary peers. ... Sir John Sinclair (May 10, 1754 - December 21, 1835) Scottish politician, writer on finance and agriculture and the first person to use the word statistics in the English language, in his vast, pioneering work, Statistical Account of Scotland, in 21 volumes. ... Portrait of St. ... Upton Beall Sinclair Jr. ... Gordon Allan Sinclair, OC , FRGS (June 3, 1900 – May 17, 1984) was a Canadian radio journalist and commentator. ... Sir Clive Marles Sinclair (born July 30, 1940), is a British entrepreneur and inventor of, among other things, the worlds first pocket calculator, in 1962 and the beloved ZX Spectrum computer in 1982. ... Trevor Sinclair (born March 2, 1973 in Dulwich, London) is an English footballer, who currently plays midfield for Manchester City of the English Premiership. ... Christine Sinclair (born June 12, 1983 in Burnaby, British Columbia) is a Canadian soccer player. ... Henry Sinclair, 1st Earl of Orkney, Baron of Roslin, and Lord of Shetland (c. ... World map showing North America A satellite composite image of North America. ... Malcolm St. ... Harry Ford Sinclair, Time Magazine cover: April 9, 1928 Harry Ford Sinclair (July 6, 1876 - November 10, 1956) was an American oil industrialist. ... Todd Sinclair is a professional wrestling referee. ...

Trivia

• On the Television series, Dinosaurs, the main family is called "The Sinclairs", the family's patriarch, Earl Sinclair, wears a plaid shirt of the Sinclair clan's tartan.

This article or section does not cite its references or sources. ...

External links and sources

• Clan Chief's Site
• Clan Sinclair
• Clan Sinclair Association Canada (CSAC)
• Clan Sinclair of New England
• Clan Sinclair USA
• http://www.clansinclair.org/Timeline.htm