NationMaster - Encyclopedia: Clan Stuart

Clan Stuart or Clan Stewart is a Highland Scottish clan. The main branch is known as the Stuarts of Bute. The chiefs of this clan would eventually become the Kings of Scotland and the Royal House of Stuart. Image File history File links StuartCrest. ... Image File history File links StuartCrest. ... Clan map of Scotland Scottish clans (from Old Gaelic clann, children), give a sense of identity and shared descent to people in Scotland and to their relations throughout the world, with a formal structure of Clan Chiefs officially registered with the court of the Lord Lyon, King of Arms which... This article or section does not cite any references or sources. ...

1 History
2 Clan Stewart today
3 Clan branches
4 Clan chief
5 Clan tartan
6 Clan profile
7 Clan septs
8 Clan castles
9 See also
10 External links

History

Origins of the Clan

The Stewart family records its traditional descent from Banquo, Thane of Lochaber, who makes an appearance as a character in William Shakespeare's Macbeth. Historically, however, the family appears to be descended from an ancient family who were seneschals of Dol in Brittany. Banquo is a character in the play Macbeth, by William Shakespeare. ... Thegn or Thane, is an Anglo-Saxon word (þeg(e)n) meaning an attendant, servant, retainer or official. ... Lochaber (Scottish Gaelic, Loch Abar) refers to a large area of the central and western Scottish Highlands. ... Wikipedia does not yet have an article with this exact name. ... Macbeth and Banquo meeting the witches on the heath by ThÃ©odore ChassÃ©riau. ... A seneschal was an officer in the houses of important nobles in the Middle Ages. ... A Dol is a little-used unit of measurement for pain. ... Historical province of Brittany, showing the main areas with their name in Breton language The traditional flag of Brittany (the Gwenn-ha-du), formerly a Breton nationalist symbol but today used as a general civic flag in the region. ...

They acquired lands in England after the Norman conquest, here beginning a long tradition of intermarriage with the (de) Ferrer family of originally Norman, subsequently English nobles, and moved to Scotland when David I ascended to the throne of Scotland. The family was granted extensive estates in Renfrewshire and in East Lothian and the office of High Steward of Scotland was made hereditary in the family. Motto (French) God and my right Anthem No official anthem - the United Kingdom anthem God Save the Queen is commonly used England() â€“ on the European continent() â€“ in the United Kingdom() Capital (and largest city) London (de facto) Official languages English (de facto) Unified - by Athelstan 927 AD Area - Total 130... Bayeux Tapestry depicting events leading to the Battle of Hastings The Norman conquest of England initiated by the invasion of the Kingdom of England by William the Conqueror (Duke of Normandy) in 1066 and his success at the Battle of Hastings resulted in the Norman control of England. ... Ferrer is a Catalan surname meaning iron-worker and may refer to the following: People Chucho Ferrer (born 1929), a Mexican composer. ... Norman conquests in red. ... Motto (Latin) No one provokes me with impunity Cha togar mfhearg gun dioladh (Scottish Gaelic) Wha daur meddle wi me?(Scots)1 Anthem (Multiple unofficial anthems) Scotlands location in Europe Capital Edinburgh Largest city Glasgow Official languages English, Gaelic and Scots1 Government Constitutional monarchy - Monarch Queen Elizabeth II... King David I (or DabÃd mac MaÃl Choluim; also known as Saint David I or David I the Saint) (1084 â€“ May 24, 1153), was King of Scotland from 1124 until his death, and the youngest son of Malcolm Canmore and of Saint Margaret (sister of Edgar Ã†theling). ... Renfrewshire (Siorrachd Rinn FriÃ¹ in Gaelic) is one of 32 unitary authority regions in Scotland. ... East Lothian (Lodainn an Ear in Gaelic) is one of 32 unitary council areas in Scotland, and a lieutenancy Area. ... The High Steward or Great Steward was given in the 12th century to Walter Fitzalan, whose descendants became the Stewart family. ...

Walter, the son of Alan or Fitz-alan was the founder of the royal family of Stuarts. He was the first of the family to establish himself in Scotland. Walter's elder brother called William was the progenitor of the family of Fitzalan who were the Earls of Arundel. Their father who was a Norman married soon after the Norman Conquest. He married the daughter of Warine, sheriff of Shropshire. He acquired the manor of Ostvestrie or Oswestry on the Welsh border. On the death of King Henry I of England in 1135 Walter and William supported the claims of Empress Maud and in doing so raised themselves high in the favour of her uncle King David I of Scotland. Motto (Latin) No one provokes me with impunity Cha togar mfhearg gun dioladh (Scottish Gaelic) Wha daur meddle wi me?(Scots)1 Anthem (Multiple unofficial anthems) Scotlands location in Europe Capital Edinburgh Largest city Glasgow Official languages English, Gaelic and Scots1 Government Constitutional monarchy - Monarch Queen Elizabeth II... Bayeux Tapestry depicting events leading to the Battle of Hastings The Norman Conquest of England was the conquest of the Kingdom of England by William the Conqueror (Duke of Normandy), in 1066 at the Battle of Hastings and the subsequent Norman control of England. ... Shropshire (alternatively Salop or abbreviated Shrops) is a county in the West Midlands of England. ... This article is about the country. ... Henry I (circa 1068 â€“ 1 December 1135) was the fourth son of William the Conqueror and the first born in England after the Norman Conquest of 1066. ... Empress Maud (1102 – September 10, 1167) is the title by which Matilda, daughter and dispossessed heir of King Henry I of England and his wife Maud of Scotland (herself daughter of Malcolm III Canmore and St. ... King David I (or DabÃd mac MaÃl Choluim; also known as Saint David I or David I the Saint) (1084 â€“ May 24, 1153), was King of Scotland from 1124 until his death, and the youngest son of Malcolm Canmore and of Saint Margaret (sister of Edgar Ã†theling). ...

In 1141 Walter accompanied King David I to retire in Scotland on promises made to him by the Scottish monarch which were faithfully fulfilled. His brother William however remained in England and was rewarded by Empress Maud's son, King Henry II of England. Motto (French) God and my right Anthem No official anthem - the United Kingdom anthem God Save the Queen is commonly used England() â€“ on the European continent() â€“ in the United Kingdom() Capital (and largest city) London (de facto) Official languages English (de facto) Unified - by Athelstan 927 AD Area - Total 130... Empress Maud (1102 – September 10, 1167) is the title by which Matilda, daughter and dispossessed heir of King Henry I of England and his wife Maud of Scotland (herself daughter of Malcolm III Canmore and St. ... Henry II of England (5 March 1133 â€“ 6 July 1189) ruled as Count of Anjou, Duke of Normandy, Duke of Aquitaine, Duke of Gascony, Count of Nantes, and as King of England (1154â€“1189) and, at various times, controlled parts of Wales, Scotland, eastern Ireland, and western France. ...

In Scotland Walter obtained from King David I of Scotland large grants of land and property in Renfrewshire as well as in many other places, together with the hereditary office of Senescallus Scotiae, Lord High Steward of Scotland. From this title Walter's grandson, also called Walter, took the name Stewart, which was forever afterwards retained by the family. This Walter was also rewarded lands by King Malcolm IV of Scotland. Walter is celebrated as the founder of Paisley Monastery in 1163 in the barony of Renfrew. Walter married Eschina de Londonia, Lady of Moll, in Roxburghshire. Walter died in 1177, he was succeeded by his son Alan Stewart. King David I (or DabÃd mac MaÃl Choluim; also known as Saint David I or David I the Saint) (1084 â€“ May 24, 1153), was King of Scotland from 1124 until his death, and the youngest son of Malcolm Canmore and of Saint Margaret (sister of Edgar Ã†theling). ... Renfrewshire (Siorrachd Rinn FriÃ¹ in Gaelic) is one of 32 unitary authority regions in Scotland. ... Malcolm IV (or MÃ¡el Coluim mac Eanric) (c. ... Roxburghshire (Siorrachd Rosbroig in Gaelic) is a traditional county of Scotland. ...

Alan died in 1204 leaving a son called Walter who was appointed by King Alexander II of Scotland as justiciary of Scotland in addition to the hereditary office of high steward. This Walter died in 1246 leaving four sons and three daughters. The third son called Walter was Earl of Menteith. The eldest son, called Alexander married Jean, the daughter and heiress of James Lord of Bute. In her right their son James Stewart seized both the Isle of Bute and Isle of Arran. Alexander II (August 24, 1198 â€“ July 6, 1249), king of Scotland, son of William I, the Lion, and of Ermengarde of Beaumont, was born at Haddington, East Lothian, in 1198, and succeeded to the kingdom on the death of his father on 4 December 1214. ... Duke of Albany is a peerage title that has occasionally been bestowed on the youngers sons in the Scottish and later the British Royal Family, particularly in the Houses of Stuart and Hanover. ... Bute shown within Argyll and Bute Bute is one of the islands of the lower Firth of Clyde in Scotland. ... Arran shown within Clyde Coast The Isle of Arran (Scots Gaelic: Eilean Arainn) is the largest island in the Firth of Clyde (430 kmÂ²). It is in the unitary council area of North Ayrshire. ...

Wars of Scottish Independence

Alexander Stewart had two sons, James and John. The elder, James would succeed Alexander as chief of the clan. During the Wars of Scottish Independence the Clan Stuart gave much support to King Robert the Bruce. Alexander's second son, known as Sir John Stuart of Bonkill, was killed at the Battle of Falkirk (1298), fighting in support of William Wallace. The Wars of Scottish Independence were a series of military campaigns fought between Scotland and England in the late 13th and early 14th centuries. ... Robert I, King of Scots (Mediaeval Gaelic:Roibert a Briuis; modern Scottish Gaelic: Raibeart Bruis; Norman French: Robert de Brus or Robert de Bruys; 11 July 1274 â€“ 7 June 1329), usually known in modern English as Robert the Bruce, was King of Scotland from 1306 until his death in 1329. ... Combatants Scotland England Commanders William Wallace Edward I of England Strength 500 cavalry, 9,500 infantry 2,000 cavalry, 12,000 infantry. ... For other persons named William Wallace, see William Wallace (disambiguation). ...

Alexander's second son, John, who was killed at the Battle of Falkirk in 1298 had seven sons. The eldest was Sir Alexander who was the ancestor to the Stuarts who were Earls of Angus. The second son was Sir Alan of Dreghorn whose family became the Earls and Dukes of Lennox. The third son was Walter whose family were the Earls of Galloway. The fourth son was Sir James whose family were the Earls of Atholl, Earl of Buchan and Earl of Traquair. The fifth son Sir John Stewart was killed at the Battle of Halidon Hill in 1333. The sixth son Sir Hugh Stuart fought in Ireland under Edward Bruce, the younger brother of King Robert the Bruce. The seventh son was Sir Robert Stuart of Daldowie. The title of Earl of Angus is an ancient one in the Peerage of Scotland, currently held by the Duke of Hamilton. ... The title Duke of Lennox has been created several times in the Peerage of Scotland. ... The title Earl of Galloway was created in the Peerage of Scotland in 1623 for Alexander Stewart. ... The title Duke of Atholl was created several times in British history. ... In the Peerage of Scotland the Kings of Scots have thrice created the title Earl of Buchan. ... The title of Earl of Traquair (pronounced Tra-quare) was created in the Peerage of Scotland in 1633 for Sir John Stewart, Lord Stewart of Traquair, together with the subsidiary title Lord Linton and Caberston. ... Combatants Scotland England Commanders Sir Archibald Douglas Edward III of England Strength 13,000 9,000 Casualties exact figure unknown, but very high exact figure unknown, but very low Battle of Halidon Hill (July 19, 1333) was fought during the second War of Scottish Independence. ... // Edward Bruce (Edubard a Briuis as he was known in medieval Gaelic), (c. ... Robert I, King of Scots (Mediaeval Gaelic:Roibert a Briuis; modern Scottish Gaelic: Raibeart Bruis; Norman French: Robert de Brus or Robert de Bruys; 11 July 1274 â€“ 7 June 1329), usually known in modern English as Robert the Bruce, was King of Scotland from 1306 until his death in 1329. ...

James Stewart, the eldest son of Alexander Stewart, succeeded as the fifth high steward in 1283. On the death of King Alexander III of Scotland in 1286, James Stewart was one of six magnates of Scotland chosen to ast as regents of the kingdom. James died in the service of Robert the Bruce in 1309. James's son Walter became the sixth high steward. This Walter Stewart at the age of just twenty-one years commanded the left wing of the Scottish army, along with Douglas at the Battle of Bannockburn in 1314. Robert the Bruce and his wife Isabella's only child, Marjorie Bruce, married Walter Stewart, 6th High Steward of Scotland (1293–1326), and from him the Royal House of Stuart are descended. Coronation of King Alexander on Moot Hill, Scone. ... Clan Douglas Crest: Jamais arriere (Never behind) Douglas is the name of an ancient Lowland Scottish clan originating in South Lanarkshire which since spread through the Scottish Borderland, Angus, Lothian and beyond. ... Combatants Kingdom of Scotland Kingdom of England Commanders Robert Bruce Edward II Strength about 6,500 20,000 Casualties unknown but light about 9000 The Battle of Bannockburn (BlÃ r Allt a Bhonnaich in Gaelic) (June 24, 1314) was a significant Scottish victory in the Wars of Scottish Independence. ... Marjorie Bruce or Margaret de Bruce (December, 1296 - March 2, 1316) was the oldest daughter of Robert I of Scotland, by his first wife Isabella of Mar. ... Walter Stewart or Steward (1293 -1326) was the 6th High steward of Scotland. ... This article or section does not cite any references or sources. ...

The Royal House of Stuart

A chief of the Clan Stuart Walter Stewart, 6th High Steward of Scotland married Marjorie Bruce daughter of King Robert the Bruce, this began the Royal House of Stuart. Walter Stewart's son called Robert the seventh lord-high steward had been declared heir to the throne of Scotland in 1318. However the birth of a son to Robert the Bruce in 1326 interrupted Robert Stewart's prospects for a time. Robert Stewart received from his grandfather large amounts of land in Kintyre. During the long and disastrous reign of King David II of Scotland, Robert Stuart acted a patriotic part in the defense of the kingdom. On the death of King David II without issue on 22 February 1371 Robert Stewart, at the age of fifty five, succeeded to the crown of Scotland as King Robert II of Scotland. He was the first of the Stewart family to ascend to the throne of Scotland. Walter Stewart or Steward (1293 -1326) was the 6th High steward of Scotland. ... Marjorie Bruce or Margaret de Bruce (December, 1296 - March 2, 1316) was the oldest daughter of Robert I of Scotland, by his first wife Isabella of Mar. ... Robert I, King of Scots (Mediaeval Gaelic:Roibert a Briuis; modern Scottish Gaelic: Raibeart Bruis; Norman French: Robert de Brus or Robert de Bruys; 11 July 1274 â€“ 7 June 1329), usually known in modern English as Robert the Bruce, was King of Scotland from 1306 until his death in 1329. ... This article or section does not cite any references or sources. ... Kintyre shown within Argyll Kintyre is a peninsula in western Scotland in the south-west of Argyll. ... David II (March 5, 1324 â€“ February 22, 1371) king of Scotland, son of King Robert the Bruce by his second wife, Elizabeth de Burgh (d. ... Robert the warrior and knight: the reverse side of Robert IIs Great Seal, enhanced as a 19th century steel engraving. ...

The royal line of male Stewarts continued uninterrupted until the reign of Mary, Queen of Scots. Mary's son James VI and descendents, monarchs of Great Britain and Ireland from 1603 to 1714, continued to use the surname Stuart as they were descended from Mary's second husband, Henry Stewart a member of the clan Stewart of Darnley. Mary, Queen of Scots is the name of: Mary I of Scotland, the former queen of France and Scotland executed by her cousin Elizabeth I of England Mary, Queen of Scots (movie), a 1971 film about that queen starring Vanessa Redgrave Mary, Queen of Scots (1969 book), a 1969 book... James VI and I King of England, Scotland and Ireland James VI of Scotland and I of England (Charles James) (19 June 1566–27 March 1625) was a King who ruled over England, Scotland and Ireland, and was the first Sovereign to reign in the three realms simultaneously. ... Year 1603 (MDCIII) was a common year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar (or a common year starting on Saturday of the 10-day slower Julian calendar). ... Battle of Gangut, by Maurice Baquoi, 1724-27. ... A clan is a group of people united by kinship and descent, which is defined by perceived descent from a common ancestor. ... Stewart of Darnley was a notable Scots family whose claim to the throne of England provided the dynastic basis for the ultimate union of the two main kingdoms of Great Britain: England and Scotland. ...

The Stuarts held the throne of Scotland and after the Union of the Crowns in 1603 they held the throne of England too. This was held until the death of Queen Anne of Great Britain in 1714, the last monarch from the House of Stuart. Anne was succeeded by her cousin, King George I of Great Britain of the House of Hanover. The present Royal Family still has Stuart blood links. The Union of Crowns refers to the accession to the thrones of England and Ireland of King James VI of Scotland in March 1603, following the death of his unmarried and childless cousin, Elizabeth I, the last monarch of the Tudor dynasty. ... Anne (6 February 1665 â€“ 1 August 1714) followed Englands only joint monarchy to become Queen of England, Scotland and Ireland on 8 March 1702 after the passing of both William and Mary. ... This article or section does not cite any references or sources. ... George I (George Louis; 28 May 1660 â€“ 11 June 1727) was the first Hanoverian King of Great Britain and King of Ireland, from 1 August 1714 until his death. ... The House of Hanover (the Hanoverians) were a German royal dynasty which succeeded the House of Stuart as monarchs of Great Britain in 1714. ...

Sauchieburn and Prince James Stewart

The Battle of Sauchieburn was fought on June 11, 1488, at the side of Sauchie Burn, a brook about two miles south of Stirling, Scotland. The battle was fought between as many as 30,000 troops of King James III Stewart and some 18,000 troops raised by Scottish nobles who favored the King's then-15-year-old son, Prince James. Prince James ascended to the throne, and reigned as James IV for twenty-five years. The Battle of Sauchieburn was fought on June 11, 1488, at the side of Sauchie Burn, a brook about two miles south of Stirling, Scotland. ... James III of Scotland (1451/ 1452 â€“ June 11, 1488), son of James II and Mary of Gueldres, created Duke of Rothesay at birth, king of Scotland from 1460 to 1488. ... James IV (March 17, 1473-September 9, 1513) was King of Scots from 1488 to his death. ...

In 1489 John Stewart, 1st Earl of Lennox rebelled against King James IV of Scotland. James responded by bringing the cannon Mons Meg from Edinburgh, and bombarding Crookston Castle seat of the Earl of Lennox, virtually destroying its western end, and ensuring a quick surrender. The Peerage title of Earl of Lennox has been created six times in British history, becoming extinct every time. ... James IV (March 17, 1473-September 9, 1513) was King of Scots from 1488 to his death. ... Mons Meg is a large bombard now located at Edinburgh Castle. ...

In 1497 some of the Clan MacLaren stole cattle from the Braes of Lochaber from the Clan MacDonald of Keppoch. The MacDonalds followed them and overtook them at a place called Glenurchy where a battle took place. The MacDonalds won and recovered their cattle. However the MacLarens then looked for assistance from Dugel Stuart of Appin. Another battle then took place where the MacLarens were now joined by the Stuarts against the MacDonalds. During the battle Dugel, the chief of the Clan Stewart of Appin and the Clan MacDonald of Keppoch chief were both killed. Clan MacLaran crest: Creag an Turic (the boars rock) Clan MacLaren is a Highland Scottish clan. ... Clan MacDonald of Keppoch crest:Per mare per terras (By sea and by land) The Clan MacDonald of Keppoch is a Highland Scottish clan and is a branch of the main Clan Donald or Macdonald. ... Introduction In Scotland, the Stewarts of Appin are the West Highland branch of the Stewart family and have been considered a distinct clan since the fifteenth century. ...

16th century, Anglo-Scottish Wars

During the 16th century the Anglo-Scottish Wars took place under the reign of the Stuarts. England and Scotland had fought several times during the fourteenth and fifteenth centuries including the Wars of Scottish Independence at the beginning of the 14th century. In most cases, one country had attempted to take advantage of weakness or instability in the other. For example, King James II of Scotland had attempted to regain Berwick during the Wars of the Roses in England. Battles with England from this time included: the Battle of Flodden Field in 1513, the Battle of Solway Moss in 1542, the Battle of Ancrum Moor in 1545 and the Battle of Pinkie Cleugh in 1547. The Anglo-Scottish Wars were a series of wars fought between England and Scotland during the sixteenth century. ... James II of Scotland (October 16, 1430 â€“ August 3, 1460) was king of Scotland from 1437 to 1460. ... Lancaster York For other uses, see Wars of the Roses (disambiguation). ... Combatants England Scotland Commanders Thomas Howard, Earl of Surrey James IV â€ Strength 26,000 approx 30,000 approx Casualties 1,500 dead 10,000 dead Western side of the battlefield, looking south-south-east from the monument erected in 1910. ... Solway Moss is a moss (lowland peat bog), in Cumbria, England, lying next to the River Sark which marks the Scottish border. ... The Battle of Ancrum Moor was fought during an Anglo-Scottish war towards the end of the reign of Henry VIII of England. ... Combatants Scots English Commanders Earl of Arran Duke of Somerset Strength Between 23000 and 36000 17000 30 warships Casualties 5000 killed 1500 prisoners 500 killed The Battle of Pinkie Cleugh, along the banks of the River Esk near Musselburgh on 10 September 1547, was part of the War of the...

16th century, Scottish Civil Wars

Patrick Rattray, chief of Clan Rattray was intimidated into giving up the Barony by John Stewart, who was then the Earl of Atholl. Through the marriage of Patrick’s niece into the family, the Earl took control of the Barony of Rattray and also took control of her sister. Thus Patrick was driven from his estate in 1516. He began the construction of Craighall a grand building perched on a 200 feet rock above the River Ericht. The stronghold of Craighall could not protect him from John Stewart the Earl of Atholl though and he was murdered in 1533. Clan Rattray crest: Super sidera votum (A desire beyond the stars) http://lost. ... The title Duke of Atholl was created several times in British history. ...

Sir John’s son Patrick defended Castle Rattray against the Clan Stuart Atholls but was forced to burn the Castle and escape in the confusion. The Rattrays then withdrew to Kynballoch, where Patrick was later murdered by the 3rd Earl of Atholl’s men whilst claiming sanctuary in his own Chapel.

Also in the 16th century an internal Scottish Civil War took place between the Royal House of Stuarts and Mary, Queen of Scots. The Battle of Langside, fought on May 13 1568, was one of the more unusual contests in Scottish history, bearing a superficial resemblance to a grand family quarrel, in which a mother fought her brother who was defending the rights of her infant son. In 1567 Mary Queen of Scots's short period of personal rule ended in recrimination, intrigue and disaster when she was forced to abdicate in favour of James VI, her infant son. Mary was sent into captivity in Loch Leven Castle, while her Protestant half-brother, James Stewart, 1st Earl of Moray was appointed Regent on behalf of his nephew. In early May 1568 Mary escaped, heading west to the country of the Clan Hamilton, high among her remaining supporters, with the determination to restore her rights as queen. Mary, Queen of Scots is the name of: Mary I of Scotland, the former queen of France and Scotland executed by her cousin Elizabeth I of England Mary, Queen of Scots (movie), a 1971 film about that queen starring Vanessa Redgrave Mary, Queen of Scots (1969 book), a 1969 book... The Battle of Langside was a battle fought on May 13, 1568 between the forces of Mary Queen of Scots and a confederacy of Scottish Protestants under James Stewart, Earl of Moray, her half-brother (who won the battle). ... James Stewart, 1st Earl of Moray (c. ... Clan Hamilton Crest: An oak tree cut by a frame saw, and the motto Through. ...

Sir John Rattray's third son Silvester succeeded his murdered brother, Stewart of Atholl continued to intimidate the family however and Silvester petitioned the king for legal recognition as heir. He was succeeded by his son, David Rattray of Craighall. George The laird’s eldest son was also murdered in 1592.

In the year 1600 Archibald MacAlister, chief of Clan MacAlister along with Angus Og MacDonald, a MacDonald chief carried out an attack on the inhabitants of the Isle of Bute against the Clan Stuart. A year later and Archibald MacAlister and Angus Og MacDonald were accused of being rebels, charged with treason against the royal house and hanged in Edinburgh Tollbooth. Clan MacAlister crest: Fortiter (Boldly) Clan MacAlister was a sub-branch of the main Clan Donald or MacDonald. ... Clan Donald crest: Per mare per terras (By sea and by land) Map of DÃ¡l Riata at its height, c. ... Bute shown within Argyll and Bute Bute is one of the islands of the lower Firth of Clyde in Scotland. ...

17th century & the Civil War

The Wars of the Three Kingdoms of 1644–50 was part of wider conflict known as the Wars of the Three Kingdoms, which included the Bishops Wars, the English Civil War and Irish Confederate Wars. The war was fought between Scottish Royalists — supporters of Charles Stuart I, under James Graham, 1st Marquess of Montrose, and the Covenanters, who had controlled Scotland since 1639 and allied themselves with the English Parliament. The Scottish Royalists, aided by Irish troops, had a rapid series of victories in 1644–45, but were eventually defeated by the Covenanters. Combatants Scottish Royalists and Irish Catholic Confederate troops Scottish Covenanters Commanders James Graham, 1st Marquess of Montrose Archibald Campbell, 1st Marquess of Argyll and David Leslie Strength Fluctuating, 2000-4000 troops at any one time over 30,000 troops, but many based in England and Ireland Casualties Total of 28... The Wars of the Three Kingdoms were an intertwined series of conflicts that took place in Scotland, Ireland, and England between 1639 and 1651 at a time when these countries had come under the Personal Rule of the same monarch. ... The Bishops Wars, a series of armed encounters and defiances between England and Scotland in 1639 and 1640, were part of the Wars of the Three Kingdoms. ... The English Civil War consisted of a series of armed conflicts and political machinations that took place between Parliamentarians (known as Roundheads) and Royalists (known as Cavaliers) between 1642 and 1651. ... The Irish Confederate Wars were fought in Ireland between 1641 and 1653. ... Prince Rupert of the Rhine Cavaliers was the name used by Parliamentarians for the Royalist supporters of King Charles I during the English Civil War (1642â€“1651). ... Charles I (19 November 1600 â€“ 30 January 1649) was King of England, King of Scotland and King of Ireland from 27 March 1625 until his execution in 1649. ... James Graham, 1st Marquess of Montrose James Graham, 1st Marquess of Montrose (1612 - 21 May 1650), was a Scottish nobleman and soldier, who initially joined the Covenanters in the Wars of the Three Kingdoms, but subsequently supported King Charles I as the English Civil War developed. ... The Covenanters, named after the Solemn League and Covenant, were a party that, originating in the Reformation movement, played an important part in the history of Scotland, and to a lesser extent in that of England, during the 17th century. ... Motto (Latin) No one provokes me with impunity Cha togar mfhearg gun dioladh (Scottish Gaelic) Wha daur meddle wi me?(Scots)1 Anthem (Multiple unofficial anthems) Scotlands location in Europe Capital Edinburgh Largest city Glasgow Official languages English, Gaelic and Scots1 Government Constitutional monarchy - Monarch Queen Elizabeth II... A body now called the English Parliament first arose during the thirteenth century, referred to variously as colloquium and parliamentum. It shared most of the powers typical of representative institutions in medieval and early modern Europe, and was arranged from the fourteenth century in a bicameral manner, with a House...

However, the Scottish Covenanters themselves then found themselves at odds with the English Parliament and backed the claims of Charles Stuart II to the thrones of England and Scotland. This led to the Third English Civil War, when Scotland was invaded and occupied by the Parliamentarian New Model Army under Oliver Cromwell. Cromwell was later defeated in Scotland. Charles II (29 May 1630 â€“ 6 February 1685) was the King of England, Scotland, and Ireland. ... The New Model Army became the best known of the various Parliamentarian armies in the English Civil War. ... Oliver Cromwell (25 April 1599 â€“ 3 September 1658) was an English military and political leader best known for his involvement in making England into a republican Commonwealth and for his later role as Lord Protector of England, Scotland and Ireland. ...

Sir James Stuart of Bute was created a Baronet of Nova Scotia by Charles I in 1627. Early in the civil war, he garrisoned the Castle of Rothesay, and at his own expense raised soldiers for the king. He was appointed royal lieutenant for the west of Scotland, and directed to take possession of Dumbarton Castle. Two frigates sent to assist him fell foul of stormy weather, and one was completely wrecked. Ultimately, Sir James was forced to flee to Ireland when the forces of Cromwell were victorious. His estates were sequestrated, and he was forced to pay a substantial fine to redeem them. His grandson, Sir James Stuart of Bute, was appointed to manage the estates and to be colonel of the local militia on the forfeiture of the Earl of Argyll in 1681.

Restoration of the Stuart Monarchy

After the death of Oliver Cromwell in 1658, the factions and divisions which had struggled for supremacy during the early years of the interregnum reemerged. Monck, who had served Cromwell and the English Parliament throughout the civil wars, judged that his best interests and those of his country lay in the Restoration of Charles II. In 1660, he marched his troops south from Scotland to ensure the monarchy's reinstatement. Scotland's Parliament and legislative autonomy were restored under the Restoration, though many issues that had led to the wars; religion, Scotland's form of government and the status of the Highlands, remained unresolved. After the Glorious Revolution of 1688, many more Scots would die over the same disputes in Jacobite rebellions. Oliver Cromwell (25 April 1599 â€“ 3 September 1658) was an English military and political leader best known for his involvement in making England into a republican Commonwealth and for his later role as Lord Protector of England, Scotland and Ireland. ... The Revolution of 1688, commonly known as the Glorious Revolution, was the overthrow of James II of England in 1688 by a union of Parliamentarians and the Dutch stadtholder William III of Orange-Nassau (William of Orange). ... This article is not about the Jacobite Orthodox Church, nor is it about Jacobinism or the earlier Jacobean period. ...

18th century & Jacobite Risings

In 1703 Sir James Stuart of Bute was created Earl of Bute, Viscount Kingarth and Lord Mount Stuart, Cumra and Inchmarnock. But by 1706, the earl was convinced a union with England would be a disaster for his country, and he opposed it vehemently. When he realised that Parliament would vote in favour of the alliance, he withdrew from politics entirely. He married the eldest daughter of Sir George Mackenzie of Rosehaugh, the celebrated Lord Advocate and heraldic writer. After the succession of George I, the Earl of Bute was appointed Commissioner for Trade and Police in Scotland, Lord Lieutenant of Bute and a lord of the bedchamber. The title of Marquess of Bute was created in the Peerage of Great Britain in 1796 for the 4th Earl of Bute (in the Peerage of Scotland). ...

Queen Anne of Great Britain died in 1714, the last monarch from the House of Stuart. Anne was succeeded by her own cousin King George I of Great Britain of the House of Hanover. Anne (6 February 1665 â€“ 1 August 1714) followed Englands only joint monarchy to become Queen of England, Scotland and Ireland on 8 March 1702 after the passing of both William and Mary. ... George I (George Louis; 28 May 1660 â€“ 11 June 1727) was the first Hanoverian King of Great Britain and King of Ireland, from 1 August 1714 until his death. ... The House of Hanover (the Hanoverians) were a German royal dynasty which succeeded the House of Stuart as monarchs of Great Britain in 1714. ...

The Jacobite Uprisings of the 18th century were led by Charles Edward Stuart who was the exiled claimant to the thrones of England, Scotland, and Ireland, commonly known as "Bonnie Prince Charlie". Charles was the son of James Francis Edward Stuart also known as the Old Pretender. James Francis Edward Stuart was in turn the son of King James II of England and Ireland, who had been deposed in 1688. After his father's death Charles was recognised as "King Charles III" by his supporters but his opponents referred to him as "The Young Pretender". Charles Edward Louis John Casimir Silvester Maria Stuart (December 31, 1720 â€“ January 31, 1788), was the exiled claimant to the thrones of England, Scotland, and Ireland, and was commonly known as Bonnie Prince Charlie. ... Motto (French) God and my right Anthem No official anthem - the United Kingdom anthem God Save the Queen is commonly used England() â€“ on the European continent() â€“ in the United Kingdom() Capital (and largest city) London (de facto) Official languages English (de facto) Unified - by Athelstan 927 AD Area - Total 130... Motto (Latin) No one provokes me with impunity Cha togar mfhearg gun dioladh (Scottish Gaelic) Wha daur meddle wi me?(Scots)1 Anthem (Multiple unofficial anthems) Scotlands location in Europe Capital Edinburgh Largest city Glasgow Official languages English, Gaelic and Scots1 Government Constitutional monarchy - Monarch Queen Elizabeth II... James Francis Edward Stuart, the Old Pretender Prince James Francis Edward Stuart or Stewart, the Old Pretender, (10 June 1688 â€“ 1 January 1766) was the son of the deposed King James II of England and VII of Scots, and as such laid claim to the English and Scottish thrones (as... James II of England (also known as James VII of Scotland; 14 October 1633 â€“ 16 September 1701) became King of England, King of Scots, and King of Ireland on 6 February 1685, and Duke of Normandy on 31 December 1660. ...

This resulted in the Jacobite Risings which first began in the late 17th century but did not gain momentum until the 18th century. The Clan Stuart fought at the Battle of Killiecrankie in 1689. Their prowess in battle is celebrated by the fact that the present Duke of Atholl maintains the Atholl Highlanders as the only private army in the United Kingdom. The Jacobite Risings were a series of uprisings, rebellions, and wars in the British Isles occurring between 1688 and 1746. ... Combatants Jacobite Royalists (Highlanders & Irish) Orange Royalists (Covenanters, Lowlanders) Commanders Viscount Dundeeâ€ Hugh Mackay Strength 2400 foot 3500 foot Casualties 800, inc. ... The title Duke of Atholl, named after Atholl in Scotland, was created several times in British history. ... The Atholl Highlanders is a Scottish regiment. ...

Although many Stewarts and Stuarts fought for the Jacobites, many also remained peacful.

The 'Fifteen'

During the rising of 1715 Sir James Stuart of Bute commanded the Bute and Argyll militia at Inveraray, and through his vigilance kept that part of the country peaceful. His second son, having inherited his mother’s estates of Rosehaugh, took the surname Mackenzie. He became a Member of Parliament and later envoy to Sardinia, Keeper of the Privy Seal and Privy Councillor.

The first major Jacobite Uprising became known as 'The Fifteen'. See main article: The 'Fifteen. This resulted in the Battle of Preston (1715), the Battle of Sheriffmuir and the Battle of Glen Shiel in 1719. The Jacobite Risings were a series of uprisings, rebellions, and wars in the British Isles occurring between 1688 and 1746. ... The Battle of Preston (9 Novemberâ€“14 November 1715), also referred to as the Preston Fight, was fought during the Jacobite Rising of 1715 (often referred to as the First Jacobite Rising, or Rebellion by supporters of the Hanoverian government). ... The Battle of Sheriffmuir was an engagement in 1715 at the height of the Jacobite rebellion in England and Scotland. ... Combatants Britain Jacobite Scotland Spain Commanders Joseph Wightman Lord George Murray Strength 850 infantry 120 dragoons 4 mortar batteries 1000 troops Casualties 21 dead 100 wounded 100 dead, many more wounded The Battle of Glen Shiel was a battle in Glen Shiel, in the West Highlands of Scotland on 10...

The 'Forty Five'

The next major Jacobite uprising during the 18th century was known as the 'Forty Five'. See Main article: The 'Forty-Five. During this rising the Jacobites led by the Stuarts gained much success and support, winning many victories including the Battle of Prestonpans and the Battle of Falkirk (1746). However their success ended at the Battle of Culloden in 1746, the last major battle on mainland Britain, where the Jacobites were defeated and the British government remained with the House of Hanover. The Jacobite Risings were a series of uprisings, rebellions, and wars in the British Isles occurring between 1688 and 1746. ... Combatants British Army Jacobites Commanders John Cope Charles Edward Stuart Strength ca. ... During the Second Jacobite Rising, the Battle of Falkirk was the last noteworthy Jacobite success. ... Combatants British Army Jacobite Forces Commanders William Augustus, Duke of Cumberland Charles Edward Stuart, the Young Pretender Strength ca. ... The House of Hanover (the Hanoverians) were a German royal dynasty which succeeded the House of Stuart as monarchs of Great Britain in 1714. ...

Charles Stewart of Ardsheal led the men of Clan Stewart of Appin during the rising of 1745, and many fell at the grim field of Culloden, having first gained glory by breaking the Redcoat ranks. Colin Campbell of Glenure, ‘the Red Fox’, was placed as government factor on the forfeited Stewart estates. His murder in 1752 has been immortalised by Stevenson in the novel, Kidnapped. After the chief suspect, Alan Breck Stewart, made his escape, James Stewart, the half-brother of the chief, was tried by a jury comprised entirely of Campbells at Inverary presided over by Argyll himself, and, perhaps notsurprisingly, was convicted and hanged. Introduction In Scotland, the Stewarts of Appin are the West Highland branch of the Stewart family and have been considered a distinct clan since the fifteenth century. ...

Clan Stewart today

The Clan Stewart/Stuart Association of Nova Scotia] was founded in Halifax, October 17, 2002. The object of the Association is to: Promote Celtic Culture in Nova Scotia, Promote Gaelic Language, Celtic Music and History. Encourage youth in Celtic studies, sports, music, etc. Provide opportunity for Clan members to meet and enjoy their Heritage through projects, gatherings and genealogy. Compile a genealogy bank for researchers. Promote the wearing of the clan tartan. Show support to other Clans and Scottish Societies. Demonstrate leadership, fellowship and friendship. Remember and cherish our forbears.

Clan branches

The Clan Stewart of Appin form the West Highland branch of the great Royal family of Stewart.

The Clan Stuart of Atholl are directly descended from one of the most notorious Stewarts of the fourteenth century Alexander Stewart, Earl of Buchan, more commonly known as 'The Wolf of Badenoch'. In 1822 an estimate was recorded that there were upwards of 4,000 Stewarts living in the province of Atholl, all descended from one individual, Alexander Stuart the Wolf of Badenoch.

Introduction In Scotland, the Stewarts of Appin are the West Highland branch of the Stewart family and have been considered a distinct clan since the fifteenth century. ... The Wolfs Lair: Lochindorb Castle at Lochindorb in Badenoch, stronghold of Alexander. ... The Highlands district of Atholl or Athole in the north of Perthshire in Scotland lies between Braemar, Badenoch, Breadalbane and Lochaber. ...

Clan chief

The current chief of Clan Stuart is John Crichton-Stuart, 7th Marquess of Bute. John Colum Crichton-Stuart, 7th Marquess of Bute (born 26 April 1958, Rothesay, Isle of Bute), styled Earl of Dumfries before 1993 and from this courtesy title usually known as Johnny Dumfries, is a Scottish peer and a former racing driver. ...

Clan tartan

The Stewart tartan is worn by the regimental pipers of the Scots Guards and was referred to by King George V of the United Kingdom as "my personal tartan". Known as the "Royal Tartan", it is still traditionally the official tartan of the Royal House of Scotland. The Scots Guards are a regiment of the British Army, part of the Guards Division, and have a long and proud history stretching back hundreds of years. ... George V (George Frederick Ernest Albert; 3 June 1865 - 20 January 1936) was the first British monarch belonging to the House of Windsor, as a result of his creating it from the British branch of the House of Saxe-Coburg-Gotha. ...

Clan profile

Gaelic Name: Stiùbhard.
Motto: Virescit vulnere virtus (Courage grows strong at a wound).
Plant Badge: Thistle.
Lands: Renfrewshire, Teviotdale and Lauderdale.
Origin of Name: From the High Steward of Scotland.
Pipe Music: Bratach Bhan nan Stiubhartach (The white banner of the Stewarts).

Renfrewshire (Siorrachd Rinn FriÃ¹ in Gaelic) is one of 32 unitary authority regions in Scotland. ... A river of the Scottish Borders, the River Teviot rises in the western foothills of Comb Hill on the border of Dumfries and Galloway. ... Lauderdale is the name of the district enclosing the town of Lauder, and the valley of the Leader Water in Scotland: Lauderdale, Scotland Lauderdale is the name of several places in the United States of America: Lauderdale, Louisiana (two places): in Allen Parish in St. ...

Clan septs

Stuart of Bute: Boyd, Fullerton, Garrow, Menteith, Monteith, Carmichael, Hunter, MacMichael.

Stewart of Appin: Carmichael, Combich, Livingston, Livingstone, MacCombich, Mackinlay, MacLae, MacLay, MacLea, MacLeay, MacMichael. The Clan MacLea is a Highland Scottish clan, which was traditionally located in the district of Lorn in Argyll, Scotland. ... The Clan MacLea is a Highland Scottish clan, which was traditionally located in the district of Lorn in Argyll, Scotland. ... The Clan MacLea is a Highland Scottish clan, which was traditionally located in the district of Lorn in Argyll, Scotland. ... The Clan MacLea is a Highland Scottish clan, which was traditionally located in the district of Lorn in Argyll, Scotland. ... The Clan MacLea is a Highland Scottish clan, which was traditionally located in the district of Lorn in Argyll, Scotland. ... The Clan MacLea is a Highland Scottish clan, which was traditionally located in the district of Lorn in Argyll, Scotland. ...

Stewart of Atholl: Crookshanks, Cruickshank, Duilach, Gray, Macglashan.

Stewart of Lennox: Howkins.

Clan castles

Edinburgh Castle and Stirling Castle were the most notable castles owned by the Stewarts as the Royal family.
Castle Stuart was the home of the line of Stuarts who held the title Earl of Moray [1]
Dundonald Castle built in the 13th century by Alexander Stewart, 4th High Steward of Scotland
Garth Castle, stronghold of the Clan Stewart.
Ardvorlich Castle, stronghold of the Clan Stewart.
Grandtully Castle, stronghold of the Clan Stewart.
Garlies Castle, stronghold of the Clan Stewart.
Earl's Palace, Kirkwall built by Robert Stewart, 1st Earl of Orkney.
Bishop's Palace, Kirkwall originally a Norwegian fort, ownership later passed to Robert Stewart, 1st Earl of Orkney.
Scalloway Castle built by Patrick Stewart, 2nd Earl of Orkney.
Earl's Palace, Birsay built by Patrick Stewart, 2nd Earl of Orkney.
Lochranza Castle was granted to Walter Stewart, 6th High Steward of Scotland in 1262 by Alexander III of Scotland.
Crookston Castle has been owned by several branches of the Clan Stewart.
Falkland Palace was acquired by the Clan Stewart in the 14th century and was owned by Robert Stewart, Duke of Albany
Doune Castle built in the 14th century by Robert Stewart, Duke of Albany.
Rothesay Castle was built by the Stewarts at the beginning of the 13th century.

The castle dominates the Edinburgh skyline as seen here from Princes Street Gardens Edinburgh Castle is an ancient fortress which, from its position atop Castle Rock, dominates the sky-line of the city of Edinburgh, and is Scotlands most famous (and most visited) landmark. ... Stirling Castle (southwest aspect) For ships named after the castle, see Stirling Castle (disambiguation) Stirling Castle is a castle in Stirling, one of the largest and most important, both historically and architecturally, in Scotland and indeed Western Europe. ... The title Earl of Moray (pronounced Murry) has been created several times in the Peerage of Scotland. ... Dundonald Castle is situated on a hill overlooking the village of Dundonald, between Kilmarnock and Troon in South Ayrshire, Scotland. ... Alexander Stewart (c. ... The ruins of the Earls Palace, Kirkwall lie near St Magnus Cathedral in the centre of Kirkwall, Orkney. ... Robert Stewart, 1st Earl of Orkney (b. ... The Bishops Palace, Kirkwall was built at the same time as the adjacent St Magnus Cathedral in the centre of Kirkwall, Orkney was being constructed, and housed the cathedrals first bishop, William the Old of the Norwegian Catholic church who took his authority from the Archbishop of Trondheim. ... Scalloway Castle is a picturesque, dramatic castle at the seaside town of Scalloway in the Shetland Islands. ... Patrick Stewart, 2nd Earl of Orkney (b. ... The Earls Palace, Birsay. ... Lochranza castle. ... Walter Stewart or Steward (1293 -1326) was the 6th High steward of Scotland. ... Coronation of King Alexander on Moot Hill, Scone. ... Crookston Castle is located in the Pollok district of Glasgow, some 5 miles (8 km) south of the city center and overlooking the Levern Water, just before its confluence with the White Cart Water. ... Falkland Palace is a former Scottish royal palace in Falkland, Fife. ... Robert Stewart or Stuart, 1st Duke of Albany (c. ... Doune Castle sited above the River Teith. ... Rothesay Castle, with the 16th century forework in the centre, and the 13th century Pigeon Tower on the right. ...

External links

Clan Stewart Society in America
http://www.clanstewart.org/
http://www.electricscotland.com/webclans/stoz/stewart2.html
http://www.scotclans.com/clans/Stewart/history.html
http://www.myclan.com/clans/Stuart_of_Bute_131/default.php
http://www.clanshop.co.uk/clannames/stuart.htm
http://freepages.genealogy.rootsweb.com/~peistewart/index.html
http://freegroups.net/stewart.shtml

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