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Encyclopedia > Classical Milanese orthography

The classical Milanese orthography is the orthography used for the Western Lombard language, in particular for Milanese dialect, from the major poets and writers of this literature, such as Carlo Porta, Carlo Maria Maggi, Delio Tessa etc. Its first using took place in XVI century with Carlo Maria Maggi who's the first introducing the trigram oeu, while previous authors, like Bonvesin de la Riva (XIII century), used owns Latinizing orthographies. In 1606 G.A. Biffi with his Prissian de Milan de la parnonzia milanesa already tried a first codification, regarding vowel length and sound /ö/ for which he found the solution ou. The classical orthography was born as compromise between old Tuscan one and French one; the characteristic that considerably differentiates this orthography from the effective pronunciation is the method for the distinction of long and short vowels. As of today, because of its low correspondence to the diction and of its contorted nature, it's often replaced, especially out of the Milan province, by simpler methods that use signs ö, ü and the redoubling of vowels. The classical orthography has been regolarized in the 1990s by the Circolo Filologico Milanese for a modern use. Many authors freely varied the orthography rules in their works. The orthography of a language specifies the correct way of writing in that language. ... Western Lombard is a Lombard language spoken in Italy, in Lombard provinces of Milan, Monza, Varese, Como, Lecco, Sondrio, little part of Cremona (Crema and neighbors), Lodi and Pavia, and Piedmont provinces of Novara, Verbano-Cusio-Ossola and little part of Vercelli (Valsesia), and Switzerland (Canton Ticino and part of... Milanese (milanes, milanées, meneghin, meneghìn) is a variety of Lombard spoken in the city of Milan and in its province. ... This article is about literature in Insubric language. ... Statue of Carlo Porta. ... Delio Tessa (1886 - 1939) was an Italian poet from Milan. ... (15th century - 16th century - 17th century - more centuries) As a means of recording the passage of time, the 16th century was that century which lasted from 1501 to 1600. ... Bonvesin de la Riva (sometimes spelt Bonvesino or Buonvicino) (born c. ... (12th century - 13th century - 14th century - other centuries) As a means of recording the passage of time, the 13th century was that century which lasted from 1201 to 1300. ... Events January 27 - The trial of Guy Fawkes and other conspirators begins ending in their execution on January 31 May 17 - Supporters of Vasili Shusky invade the Kremlin and kill Premier Dmitri December 26 - Shakespeares King Lear performed in court Storm buries a village of St Ismails near... Milan (It. ... For the band, see 1990s (band). ...


Here are the indications for the writing and reading in classical Milanese orthography, as edited by Circolo Filologico Milanese, with corresponding pronunciacion valid only for Milanese dialect. For the pronunciation of the sounds not listed here, you can refer to the spelling of Italian language. Milanese (milanes, milanées, meneghin, meneghìn) is a variety of Lombard spoken in the city of Milan and in its province. ... Italian spelling is quite predictable. ...


General using of accents:

  • acute accent: indicates close sound in "e" or "o"
  • grave accent: indicates open sound in "e" or "o"
  • circumflex accent: indicates very closed and long sound of "o"

Pronunciation of volwels and false diphtongues:

  • "a", "e", "i": pronounced open and short when followed by double consonant or if accented in word end; close and long when followed by sigle consonant
  • "o": pronounced like u in Italian and Spanish
  • "ò": pronounced like open o in Italian
  • "oeu": pronounced like long eu in French
  • "u": pronounced like ü in German; is pronounced "w" only in the groups "qu", "qua", "au" and similar

Using of consonants:

  • redoubling: softly reinforce the consonant but overall make short and open the preceding vowel
  • "s": pronounced voiced or voiceless; intervocalic, the voiceless one is written as double; in word end it always is voiceless
  • "z": pronounced like voiced or voiceless z in Italian or as intermediate sound, but more similar to "s"
  • "n": provokes nasalization of the preceding vowel; it's pronounced n only when redoubled, when don't form a syllable with preceding vowel or when this vowel is unstressed in last syllable
  • "m": provokes nasalization of the preceding vowel, when followed by consonant; otherwise it's pronounced m
  • "h": maintains the velarity of "c" and "g" preceding "i" and "e" and in word end
  • "sg(i)": pronounced like j in French
  • "sc(i)": pronounced sh
  • "s'c(i)": pronounced with division of the sounds s and ch

Table of reading (only for Milanese dialect)

  • The stress is normally on the penultimate syllable for words ending in vowel, on the last syllable for these ending in consonant.
Sign Context IPA Notes
a followed by double consonant or accented in word end a stress is indicated with grave accent
a others a: stress is indicated with grave accent
aa in word end a: always stressed
b always b
c followed by consonant or by a, o, u k
ci followed by a, o, u ʧ
c others ʧ
ch followed by i, e or in word end k
d always d
e followed by double consonant or accented in word end ɛ stress is indicated with grave accent
e others e: stress is indicated with acute accent
ee in word end e: always stressed
f always f
g followed by consonant or by a, o, u g
gi followed by a, o, u ʤ
g others ʤ in word end is like a /ʧ/
gh followed by i, e or in word end g in word end is like a /k/
i followed by double consonant or accented in word end i stress is indicated with grave accent
i preceded by consonant and followed by vowel j neveer stressed
i others i: stress is indicated with grave accent
ii in word end i: always stressed
j when not preceded by consonant j never stressed
l always l
m followed by consonant ~ (on preceding vowel)
m others m
n when doesn't form a syllable with preceding vowel or unstressed in last syllable n
n others ~ (on preceding vowel)
nn always n
o always u never stressed
oo in word end u: always stressed
ò always ɔ always stressed
ô always o: always stressed
oeu followed by double consonant or accented in word end œ always stressed
oeu others œ: always stressed
p always p
qu followed by vowel kw
r always r
s in word end, followed by voiceless consonant or in word beginning followed by vowel s
s intervocalic or followed by voiced consonant z
sci always ʃ only "sc" when followed by e, i
s'ci always sʧ only "s'c" when followed by e, i
sgi always ʒ only "sg" when followed by e, i
ss intervocalic or in word end s
t always t
u followed by double consonant or accented in word end y stress is indicated with grave accent
u preceded by q or g and followed by vowel, or as part of a diphtongue w never stressed
u others y: stress is indicated with grave accent
uu in word end y: always stressed
v always v
z always ʦ/ʣ/s
v • d • e
Western Lombard

Dialects and group of dialects: Milanese (milanes, milanées, meneghin, meneghìn) is a variety of Lombard spoken in the city of Milan and in its province. ... Western Lombard is a Lombard language spoken in Italy, in Lombard provinces of Milan, Monza, Varese, Como, Lecco, Sondrio, little part of Cremona (Crema and neighbors), Lodi and Pavia, and Piedmont provinces of Novara, Verbano-Cusio-Ossola and little part of Vercelli (Valsesia), and Switzerland (Canton Ticino and part of...


Milanese or Meneghin • Bustocco and Legnanese • Brianzöö or Brianzoeu (Canzés, Canturino, Monzese) • Comasco-Lecchese (Comasco, Laghée, Intelvese, Vallassinese, Lecchese) • Ticinese (Ossolano) • Varesino or Bosin • Southwestern Lombard (Pavese, Lodigiano, Nuaresat, Cremunéez) • Intermediate Western-Eastern Lombard dialects: Alpine Lombard (Valtellinese, Chiavennasco) • Slangs: Spasell Milanese (milanes, milanées, meneghin, meneghìn) is a variety of Western Lombard spoken in the city of Milan and in its province. ... Bustocco and Legnanese are two similar dialects of Insubric language, spoken in the areas of Busto Arsizio (Province of Varese) and Legnano (Province of Milan). ... ... Canzés is a variety of Brianzöö spoken in the commune of Canz, Italy. ... The group of dialects Comasco-Lecchese of Insubric language is spoken in parts of province of Como and province of Lecco, especially around the capital cities and north of them. ... Comasco is a Western Lombard dialect spoken in the city and suburbs of Como. ... Laghéé is a Western Lombard dialect spoken in the north of province of Como, on the coast of the Lake. ... Vallassinese is a dialect of Insubric language spoken in Vallassina valley (about 6,000 speakers). ... Lecchese is a Western Lombard dialect spoken in the city and suburbs of Lecco (Lombardy). ... Ticinese (ticines, ticinées) is a common denomination for Lombard language varieties spoken in Canton Ticino (Tessin). ... Varesino or Bosin (from the name of storytellers; see Bosinada) is a Western Lombard dialect spoken in the province of Varese. ... Southwestern Lombard is a group of dialects of Insubric language spoken in the provinces of Pavia, Lodi, Novara, Cremona, in the south of Insubria, and comprises Pavese dialect, Lodigiano dialect, Nuaresat dialect, Cremunéez dialect and others. ... Pavese is a Western Lombard dialect spoken in province of Pavia (Lombardy). ... Nuaresat is a Western Lombard dialect spoken in province of Novara (Piedmont). ... Cremunéez is a dialect of Insubric language spoken in the city and province of Cremona (Lombardy) excepting the district of Crema (there an Orobic dialect is spoken). ... Eastern Lombard (sometimes also called Orobic) is a group of dialects spoken in the eastern side of Lombardy, mainly in the provinces of Bergamo, Brescia and Mantua and in the area around Crema. ... Spasell is a dialect, a code or a gergo, of Insubric language, spoken until XIX century by inhabitants of Vallassina, when they went out from the valley for businness and they didnt want to be understood by the people. ...


Literature:


Insubric literature • Insubric writers (Bonvesin de la Riva, Carlo Maria Maggi, Carlo Porta, Giuseppe Parini, Giuseppe Bossi, Alessandro Manzoni, Tommaso Grossi, Delio Tessa) This article is about literature in Insubric language. ... This is a list of some writer in Western Lombard or Insubric language. ... Bonvesin de la Riva (sometimes spelt Bonvesino or Buonvicino) (born c. ... Statue of Carlo Porta. ... Giuseppe Parini (Bosisio, now in Lecco province, May 23, 1729 - Milan, 1799) was an Italian satirist and poet. ... Giuseppe Bossi. ... Alessandro Manzoni Alessandro Francesco Tommaso Manzoni (March 7, 1785–May 22, 1873) was an Italian poet and novelist. ... Tommaso Grossi (January 20, 1791 - December 10, 1853), Lombard poet and novelist, was born at Bellano, on the Lake of Como. ... Delio Tessa (1886 - 1939) was an Italian poet from Milan. ...


Grammar:


Insubric grammar (Milanese, Bustocco-Legnanese and Southwestern Lombard grammar, Comasco-Lecchese, Ticinese and Brianzoeu grammar, Alpine Lombard grammar) • Orthography (Classical Milanese orthography, Alternative Insubric orthographies) • Other (Plural inflection in Western Lombard) The phonetical characteristics of Insubric language are the halving of consonants, the voicing of intervocalic consonants, the transformation of Latin u into Insubric ü, Latin short o into ö, partial trasformation of long o into u, the falling of final vowels except a, apocope of Latin desinence re of infinitive, desinence i... This is a prospect of Insubric language orthographies others then classical Milanese one. ... The general lines of diachronics of Western Lombard plural declension are drawn here (referring to Milanese orthography): The bulk of feminine words ends with desinence -a; plural feminine is adesinential. ...



 

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