NationMaster - Encyclopedia: Classical revival

Classicism series
Classical antiquity
Renaissance Classicism
Age of Enlightenment Classicism Visual arts, Architecture, and Literary Neoclassicism Dandyism Classical music era
Classicism between the Wars 20th Century neoclassicism Neoclassicism (music) Neoclassical Philosophy Neoclassical ballet

For information about the economic theory, see neoclassical economics.

Neoclassicism (sometimes rendered as Neo-Classicism or Neo-classicism) is the name given to quite distinct movements in the visual arts, literature, theatre, music, and architecture. These movements were in effect at various times between the 18th and the 20th centuries. What could these "neoclassicisms" have in common? Classicism door in Olomouc, The Czech Republic. ... Classical antiquity is a broad and perhaps misleading term for a long period of European, Middle East and North African history, that begins roughly with the earliest recorded Greek poetry of Homer (7th century BC), and continues through the rise of Christianity and the fall of the Western Roman Empire... Renaissance Classicism was a form of art that removed extraneous detail and showed the world as it was. ... The Age of Enlightenment refers to the 18th century in European philosophy, and is often thought of as part of a larger period which includes the Age of Reason. ... Sporty Parisian dandies of the 1830s: a girdle was required to achieve this silhouette. ... The Classical period in Western music occurred in a large part of the 18th century, and into the early 19th century. ... For information about the economic theory, see neoclassical economics. ... // Artistic description Neoclassicism was a 20th century development, particularly popular in the period between the two World Wars, in which composers drew inspiration from music of the 18th century, though some of the inspiring canon was drawn as much from the Baroque period as the Classical period - for this reason... Great Books refers to a curriculum and a book list that came about as the result of a discussion among American academics and educators, starting in the 1920s and 1930s and begun by Prof. ... Neoclassical ballet is a term describing the ballet style which uses traditional ballet vocabulary, but is generally more expansive than the classical structure allowed. ... Neoclassical economics refers to a general approach (a metatheory) to economics based on supply and demand which depends on individuals (or any economic agent) operating rationally, each seeking to maximize their individual utility or profit by making choices based on available information. ... A cultural movement is a change in the way a number of different disciplines approach their work. ... Many times, the term art is used to refer to the visual arts. ... Open Directory Project: Literature World Literature Electronic Text Archives Magazines and E-zines Online Writing Writers Resources Libraries, Digital Cataloguing, Metadata Distance Learning Dictionary of the History of Ideas: Classicism in Literature The Universal Library, by Carnegie Mellon University Project Gutenberg Online Library Abacci - Project Gutenberg texts matched with Amazon... Theatre is that branch of the performing arts concerned with acting out stories in front of an audience using combinations of speech, gesture, music, dance, sound and spectacle â€” indeed any one or more elements of the other performing arts. ... Wikibooks Wikiversity has more about this subject: School of Music Look up Music in Wiktionary, the free dictionary Wikisource, as part of the 1911 Encyclopedia Wikiproject, has original text related to this article: Music Wikicities has a wiki about Music: Music Music City : a collaborative music database All Music Guide... Architecture (in Greek Î±ÏÏ‡Î® = first and Ï„ÎÏ‡Î½Î· = craftsmanship) is the art and science of designing buildings and structures. ... (17th century - 18th century - 19th century - more centuries) As a means of recording the passage of time, the 18th century refers to the century that lasted from 1701 through 1800. ... (19th century - 20th century - 21st century - more centuries) Decades: 1900s 1910s 1920s 1930s 1940s 1950s 1960s 1970s 1980s 1990s As a means of recording the passage of time, the 20th century was that century which lasted from 1901–2000 in the sense of the Gregorian calendar (1900–1999 in the...

What any "neo"-classicism depends on most fundamentally is a consensus about a body of work that has achieved canonic status (illustration, right). These are the "classics." Ideally— and neoclassicism is essentially an art of an ideal— an artist, well-schooled and comfortably familiar with the canon, does not repeat it in lifeless reproductions, but synthesizes the tradition anew in each work. This sets a high standard, clearly; but though a neoclassical artist who fails to achieve it may create works that are inane, vacuous or even mediocre, gaffes of taste and failures of craftsmanship are not commonly neoclassical failings. Novelty, improvisation, self-expression, and blinding inspiration are not neoclassical virtues; neoclassicism exhibits perfect control of an idiom. It does not recreate art forms from the ground up with each new project, as modernism demanded. "Make it new" was the modernist credo of the poet Ezra Pound. The Western canon is a canon of books and art, and specifically a set with very loose boundaries of books and other art, that has allegedly been highly influential in shaping Western culture. ... Le Corbusiers Villa Savoye, 1929-30: The modern style is noted for its rigorous geometrical forms. ... Ezra Pound in 1913. ...

Late Baroque classicizing: G. P. Pannini assembles the canon of Roman ruins and Roman sculpture into one vast imaginary gallery (1756)

Speaking and thinking in English, "neoclassicism" in each art implies a particular canon of "classic" models. We recognize them, even if we struggle against their power: Virgil, Raphael, Nicholas Poussin, Haydn. Other cultures have other canons of classics, however, and a recurring strain of neoclassicism appears to be a natural expression of a culture at a certain moment in its career, a culture that is highly self-aware, that is also confident of its own high mainstream tradition, but at the same time feels the need to regain something that has slipped away: Apollonius of Rhodes is a neoclassic writer; Ming ceramics pay homage to Sung celadon porcelains; Italian 15th century humanists learn to write a "Roman" hand we call italic (a.k.a. Carolingian); Neo-Babylonian culture is a neoclassical revival, and in Persia the "classic" religion of Zoroaster, Zoroastrianism, is revived after centuries, to "re-Persianize" a culture that had fallen away from its own classic Achaemenean past. G.P. Pannini, Roman ruins and sculpture, (Louvre) 1758 Source: http://www. ... G.P. Pannini, Roman ruins and sculpture, (Louvre) 1758 Source: http://www. ... Categories: Stub | 1691 births | 1765 deaths | Italian painters ... For other uses see Virgil (disambiguation). ... This page is about the artist. ... Et in Arcadia ego by Nicolas Poussin. ... Franz Joseph Haydn, (March 31 or April 1, 1732 â€“ May 31, 1809) was a leading composer of the Classical period, called the Father of the Symphony and Father of the String Quartet. Although he has come to be popularly known as Franz Joseph Haydn (with many published scores and recordings... Apollonius of Rhodes (Apollonius Rhodius), librarian at Alexandria, was a poet, the author of Argonautica, a literary epic retelling of ancient material concerning Jason and the Argonauts quest for the Golden Fleece in the mythic land of Colchis. ... This article needs to be cleaned up to conform to a higher standard of quality. ... Alternate meaning: Celadon (color) Celadon funerary jar from the Three Kingdoms period Celadon is a type of pottery having a pale green glaze, originally produced in Longquan city, Zhejiang province, China. ... A rare Dresden porcelain figurine Porcelain is a type of hard semi-translucent ceramic generally fired at a higher temperature than glazed earthenware, or stoneware pottery. ... Italic can refer to: Italic languages Italic scripts Italic means Of or from Italy; the usage is most commonly restricted to talking about the people and languages of what is now Italy from the historic period before the Roman Empire. ... Example from 10th century manuscript Carolingian minuscule is a script developed as a writing standard in Europe so that the Roman alphabet could be easily recognized by the small literate class from one region to another. ... The Persian Empire is the name used to refer to a number of historic dynasties that have ruled the country of Persia (Iran). ... Zartosht, as popularly depicted by Iranian artists. ... Faravahar, The depiction of the human soul before birth and after death. ...

1 Neoclassic in architecture and the visual arts
2 Covert neoclassicism in Moderne styles
3 Literary neoclassicism
4 Neoclassicism Part II: Between the Wars
- 4.1 Literary Neoclassicism, 20th-century style
5 See also
6 Further reading

Neoclassic in architecture and the visual arts

In the visual arts the European movement called "neoclassicism" began after ca 1765, as a reaction against both the surviving Baroque and Rococo styles, and as a desire to return to the perceived "purity" of the arts of Rome, the more vague perception ("ideal") of Ancient Greek arts (where almost no western artist had actually been) and, to a lesser extent, 16th century Renaissance Classicism. Many times, the term art is used to refer to the visual arts. ... Adoration, by Peter Paul Rubens: dynamic figures spiral down around a void: draperies blow: a whirl of movement lit in a shaft of light, rendered in a free bravura handling of paint In arts, the Baroque (or baroque) is both a period and the style that dominated it. ... Rococo movement enlivens the faÃ§ade of the Cathedral, CÃ diz The Rococo style developed as a relief from formalities of Late Baroque interiors. ... Ancient Rome was a civilization that existed in Europe, North Africa, and the Middle East between 753 BC and its downfall in AD 476. ... Ancient Greece is the term used to describe the Greek-speaking world in ancient times. ... Renaissance Classicism was a form of art that removed extraneous detail and showed the world as it was. ...

Henry Fuseli, "The artist moved to despair at the grandeur of antique fragments", 1778–79

Each "neo"- classicism selects some models among the range of possible classics that are available to it, and ignores others. The neoclassical writers and talkers, patrons and collectors, artists and sculptors of 1765 - 1830 paid homage to an idea of the generation of Pheidias, but the sculpture examples they actually embraced were more likely to be Roman copies of Hellenistic sculptures. They ignored both Archaic Greek art and the works of Late Antiquity. The Rococo art of ancient Palmyra came as a revelation, through engravings in Wood's The Ruins of Palmyra. Even in all-but-unvisited Greece, a rough backwater of the Ottoman Empire, dangerous to explore, neoclassicists' appreciation of Greek architecture was mediated through drawings and engravings, which subtly smoothed and regularized, "corrected' and "restored" the monuments of Greece, not always consciously. As for painting, Greek painting was utterly lost: neoclassicist painters imaginatively revived it, partly through bas-relief friezes, mosaics, and pottery painting and partly through the examples of painting and decoration of the High Renaissance of Raphael's generation, frescos in Nero's Domus Aurea, Pompeii and Herculaneum and through renewed admiration of Nicholas Poussin. Much "neoclassical" painting is more classicisizing in subject matter than in anything else. Image File history File links Download high resolution version (850x1001, 133 KB)Henry Fuseli, The Artist Moved to Despair by the Grandeur of Antique Fragments 1778-79 Red chalk on sepia wash, Kunsthaus, ZÃ¼rich File history Legend: (cur) = this is the current file, (del) = delete this old version, (rev... Image File history File links Download high resolution version (850x1001, 133 KB)Henry Fuseli, The Artist Moved to Despair by the Grandeur of Antique Fragments 1778-79 Red chalk on sepia wash, Kunsthaus, ZÃ¼rich File history Legend: (cur) = this is the current file, (del) = delete this old version, (rev... Fuseli talking to Johann Jakob Bodmer, 1778-1781. ... Phidias, (or Pheidias), son of Charmides, (circa 490 BC - circa 430 BC) was an ancient Greek sculptor, universally regarded as the greatest of Greek sculptors. ... Palmyra was the name of an ancient city in Syria, now called Tadmor. ... This page is about the artist. ... The Domus Aurea (Latin for Golden House) was a large palace built by the Roman emperor Nero after the fire that devastated Rome in 64. ... Ruins in Pompeii The city of Pompeii, along with Herculaneum and many smaller places around the Bay of Naples, were Roman municipalities destroyed during an eruption of the volcano Mount Vesuvius in 79 CE. The eruption was described by Pliny the Younger (see below), whose uncle Pliny the Elder died... Herculaneum (modern Italian Ercolano) was an ancient Roman town of the Italian region of Campania. ... Et in Arcadia ego by Nicolas Poussin. ...

There is an anti-Rococo strain that can be detected in some European architecture of the earlier 18th century, most vividly represented in the Palladian architecture of Georgian Britain and Ireland, but also recognizable in a classicizing vein of architecture in Berlin. It is a robust architecture of self-restraint, academically selective now of "the best" Roman models. Architecture (in Greek Î±ÏÏ‡Î® = first and Ï„ÎÏ‡Î½Î· = craftsmanship) is the art and science of designing buildings and structures. ... A villa with a superimposed portico, from Book IV of Palladios I Quattro Libri dellArchitettura, in a modestly priced English translation published in London, 1736. ... Berlin? (pronounced: , German ) is the capital of Germany and its largest city, with 3,426,000 inhabitants (as of January 2005); down from 4. ...

A conservative Italian interior translated to Russia: Dressing-Room at the Gatchina palace by Luigi Vanvitelli's pupil Antonio Rinaldi, 1770s

Neoclassicism first gained influence in England and France, through a generation of French art students trained in Rome and influenced by the writings of Johann Joachim Winckelmann, and it was quickly adopted by progressive circles in Sweden. At first, classicizing decor was grafted onto familiar European forms, as in the interiors for Catherine II's lover Count Orlov, designed by an Italian architect with a team of Italian stuccadori: only the isolated oval medallions like cameos and the bas-relief overdoors hint of neoclassicism; the furnishings are fully Italian Rococo (illustration, left). Eduard Gau. ... Eduard Gau. ... Gatchina is the former seasonal residence of the Russian emperors in the vicinity of Saint Petersburg. ... Luigi Vanvitelli (Naples, May 12, 1700 - Caserta, March 1, 1773), an engineer as well as the most prominent 18th-century Italian architect, practiced a sober classicizing academic Late Baroque style that made an easy transition to Neoclassicism. ... Rinaldis cathedral in a provincial Russian town, 1764 Antonio Rinaldi (1710-1794) was an Italian architect, trained by Luigi Vanvitelli, who worked mainly in Russia. ... Royal motto: Dieu et mon droit (French: God and my right) Englands location within the UK Official language English de facto Capital London de facto Largest city London Area - Total Ranked 1st UK 130,395 kmÂ² Population - Total (2001) - Density Ranked 1st UK 49,138,831 377/kmÂ² Ethnicity... Johann Joachim Winckelmann (November 9, 1717–June 8, 1768) was a German archaeologist. ... Count Grigory Orlov Orlov is the name of a Russian noble family which produced several distinguished statesmen, diplomatists and soldiers. ... Bas relief is a method of sculpting which entails carving or etching away the surface of a flat piece of stone or metal. ...

G.B. Piranes's design for a vase on stand, Rome ca 1780, appealed more to his English and French patrons. Similar gilt-bronze vases were made in London and Paris, from ca. 1768 onwards.

But a second neoclassic wave, more severe, more studied (through the medium of engravings) and more consciously archaeological, is associated with the height of the Napoleonic Empire. In France, the first phase of neoclassicism is expressed in the "Louis XVI style", the second phase in the styles we call "Directoire" or "Empire." Italy clung to Rococo until the Napoleonic regimes brought the new archeaological classicism, which was embraced as a political statement by young, progressive, urban Italians with republican leanings. Deign for a perfumeburner in the form of a vase on a tripod stand, GB Piranesi, in The two-dimensional work of art depicted in this image is in the public domain in the United States and in those countries with a copyright term of life of the author plus... Deign for a perfumeburner in the form of a vase on a tripod stand, GB Piranesi, in The two-dimensional work of art depicted in this image is in the public domain in the United States and in those countries with a copyright term of life of the author plus... Giovanni Battista (also Giambattista) Piranesi (4th October 1720 in Mogliano Veneto (near Treviso) - 9th November 1778 in Rome) was an Italian artist famous for his etchings of Rome and of fictitious prisons. Etching of the Pyramid of Cestius Piranesi studied his art at Rome, where the remains of that city... Bonaparte as general, by Antoine-Jean Gros. ...

David's Oath of the Horatii (1784) is not just neoclassic in subject.

The high tide of neoclassicism in painting is exemplified in early paintings by Jacques-Louis David (illustration, right) and Jean Auguste Dominique Ingres' entire career. David's Oath of the Horatii was painted in Rome and made a splash at the Paris Salon of 1784. Its central perspective is perpendicular to the picture plane, made more emphatic by the dim arcade behind, against which the heroic figures are disposed as in a frieze, with a hint of the artificial lighting and staging of opera, and the classical coloring of Nicholas Poussin. Download high resolution version (947x717, 248 KB) Wikipedia does not have an article with this exact name. ... Download high resolution version (947x717, 248 KB) Wikipedia does not have an article with this exact name. ... Self portrait (1794) Jacques-Louis David (August 30, 1748 â€“ December 29, 1825) was a highly influential French painter in the Neoclassical style. ... Self-portrait at age 24, 1804 Jean Auguste Dominique Ingres (August 29, 1780 â€“ January 14, 1867) was a French painter. ... In Roman mythology, the Horatii were a set of male triplets from Rome. ... HonorÃ© Daumier satirized the bourgeoises scandalized by the Salons Venuses, 1864 The Paris Salon (French: Salon de Paris) is the official art exhibit of the AcadÃ©mie des beaux-arts in Paris, France. ... Frieze of the Tower of the Winds. ... The foyer of Charles Garniers OpÃ©ra, Paris, opened 1875 Opera is an art form consisting of a dramatic stage performance set to music. ... Et in Arcadia ego by Nicolas Poussin. ...

Thetis rising from the sea by Thomas Banks (1735 - 1805), 1778 Victoria and Albert Museum: low-relief that is as linear as a pencil drawing

In sculpture, the most familiar representatives are the Italian Antonio Canova, the Englishman John Flaxman and the Dane Bertel Thorvaldsen. Download high resolution version (1063x800, 114 KB)Thomas Banks (1735 - 1805), Thetis Rising from the Sea, marble bas-relief, 1778 Victoria and Albert Museum, London This image has been released into the public domain by the copyright holder, its copyright has expired, or it is ineligible for copyright. ... Download high resolution version (1063x800, 114 KB)Thomas Banks (1735 - 1805), Thetis Rising from the Sea, marble bas-relief, 1778 Victoria and Albert Museum, London This image has been released into the public domain by the copyright holder, its copyright has expired, or it is ineligible for copyright. ... Thetis rising from the sea, 1778, from the Victoria and Albert Museum Thomas Banks (December 29, 1735 — February 2, 1805), English sculptor, son of a surveyor who was land steward to the Duke of Beaufort, was born in London. ... The Cromwell Road entrance to the Victoria and Albert Museum The Victoria and Albert Museum (the V&A) is on Cromwell Road in Kensington, West London. ... Ancient Greeks depiction of ideal form of the body is expressed through sculpture such as this one. ... Antonio Canova (November 1, 1757 - October 13, 1822) was an Italian sculptor who became famous for his marble sculptures that delicately rendered nude flesh. ... John Flaxman (July 6, 1755 - December 7, 1826), was an English sculptor and draughtsman. ... Bertel Thorvaldsen, portrait by Karl Begas, c. ...

In the decorative arts, neoclassicism is exemplified in Empire furniture made in Paris, London, New York, Berlin; in Biedermeyer furniture made in Austria; in Karl Friedrich Schinkel's museums in Berlin, Sir John Soane's Bank of England in London and the newly built "capitol" in Washington, DC; and in Wedgwood's bas reliefs and "black basaltes" vases. The Scots architect Charles Cameron created palatial Italianate interiors for the German-born Catherine II the Great in Russian St. Petersburg: the style was international. Schinkels Neues Schauspielhaus (New Theatre), Berlin Karl Friedrich Schinkel (March 13, 1781 - October 9, 1841) German architect and painter. ... Sir John Soane (10 September 1753 - 20 January 1837) was a British architect who specialised in the Neo-Classical tradition. ... United States Capitol The Capitol when first occupied by Congress, 1800. ... Aerial photo (looking NW) of the Washington Monument and the White House in Washington, DC. Washington, D.C., officially the District of Columbia (also known as D.C.; Washington; the Nations Capital; the District; and, historically, the Federal City) is the capital city and administrative district of the United... Josiah Wedgwood Josiah Wedgwood (July 12, 1730 â€“ January 3, 1795) was an English potter, credited with the industrialisation of the manufacture of pottery. ... Bas relief is a method of sculpting which entails carving or etching away the surface of a flat piece of stone or metal. ... Categories: Stub ... Charles Cameron (born October 31, 1927 in Edinburgh, Scotland - January 1, 2001) was a professional Magician specialized in a style known as bizarre magic. ... Catherine II (Екатерина II Алексеевна: Yekaterína II Alekséyevna, April 21, 1729 - November 6, 1796), born Sophie Augusta Fredericka, known as Catherine the Great, reigned as empress of Russia from June 28, 1762, to her death on November 6, 1796. ...

"Grotesque" painted decor that hearkened back to Raphael's stanze decorated Mme de Sérilly's Paris boudoir (Victoria and Albert Museum, London)

Indoors, neoclassicism made a discovery of the genuine classic interior, inspired by the rediscoveries at Pompeii and Herculaneum, which had started in the late 1740s, but only achieved a wide audience in the 1760s, with the first luxurious volumes of tightly-controlled distribution of Le Antichità di Ercolano. The antiquities of Herculaneum showed that even the most classicizing interiors of the Baroque, or the most "Roman" rooms of William Kent were based on basilica and temple exterior architecture, turned outside in: pedimented window frames turned into gilded mirrors, fireplaces topped with temple fronts, now all looking quite bombastic and absurd. The new interiors sought to recreate an authentically Roman and genuinely interior vocabulary, employing flatter, lighter motifs, sculpted in low frieze-like relief or painted in monotones en camaïeu ("like cameos"), isolated medallions or vases or busts or bucrania or other motifs, suspended on swags of laurel or ribbon, with slender arabesques against backgrounds, perhaps, of "Pompeiian red" or pale tints, or stone colors. The style in France was initially a Parisian style, the "goût Grèc" not a court style. Only when the plump, young king acceded to the throne in 1771 did his fashion-loving Queen bring the "Louis XVI" style to court. Mobili stile Maria Antonietta File history Legend: (cur) = this is the current file, (del) = delete this old version, (rev) = revert to this old version. ... Mobili stile Maria Antonietta File history Legend: (cur) = this is the current file, (del) = delete this old version, (rev) = revert to this old version. ... When commonly used, grotesque means strange, fantastic, ugly or bizarre, and thus is often used to describe shapes and distorted forms such as Halloween masks or gargoyles on churches. ... This page is about the artist. ... The Cromwell Road entrance to the Victoria and Albert Museum The Victoria and Albert Museum (the V&A) is on Cromwell Road in Kensington, West London. ... Ruins in Pompeii The city of Pompeii, along with Herculaneum and many smaller places around the Bay of Naples, were Roman municipalities destroyed during an eruption of the volcano Mount Vesuvius in 79 CE. The eruption was described by Pliny the Younger (see below), whose uncle Pliny the Elder died... Herculaneum (modern Italian Ercolano) was an ancient Roman town of the Italian region of Campania. ... Events and Trends The War of Austrian Succession (1740-1748) rages. ... Events and Trends King George III ascends the British throne in 1760. ... Adoration, by Peter Paul Rubens: dynamic figures spiral down around a void: draperies blow: a whirl of movement lit in a shaft of light, rendered in a free bravura handling of paint In arts, the Baroque (or baroque) is both a period and the style that dominated it. ... William Kent (born in Bridlington, Yorkshire, c. ... The Basilica of St. ... Kihryuzan Senjo-ji Temple, by Toyota Kokai (1780-1850) The word temple has different meanings in the fields of architecture, religion, geography, anatomy, and education. ... A pediment is a classical architectural element consisting of a triangular section or gable found above the horizontal superstructure (entablature) which lies immediately upon the columns. ... Gilding is the art of spreading gold, either by mechanical or by chemical means, over the surface of a body for the purpose of ornament. ... Frieze of the Tower of the Winds. ...

At the Royal Scottish Academy, Edinburgh, Playfair employs a Greek Doric octastyle portico

From about 1800 a fresh influx of Greek architectural examples, seen through the medium of etchings and engravings, gave a new impetus to neoclassicism that is called the Greek Revival. Download high resolution version (800x671, 108 KB)The Royal Scottish Academy Building on the Mound in Edinburgh, Scotland. ... Download high resolution version (800x671, 108 KB)The Royal Scottish Academy Building on the Mound in Edinburgh, Scotland. ... Categories: Stub | Edinburgh ... The uncompleted Doric temple at Segesta, Sicily, has been waiting for finishing of its surfaces since 430 - 420 BC The Doric order was one of the three orders or organizational systems of Ancient Greek or classical architecture; the other two orders were the Ionic and the Corinthian. ...

Neoclassicism continued to be a major force in academic art through the 19th century and beyond— a constant antithesis to Romanticism or Gothic revivals— although from the late 19th century on it had often been considered anti-modern, or even reactionary, in influential critical circles. By the mid-19th century, several European cities - notably St Petersburg and Munich - were transformed into veritable museums of Neoclassical architecture. Academic art was an art movement, and a style of painting that was in fashion in Europe from the 17th to the 19th century. ... Alternative meaning: Nineteenth Century (periodical) (18th century — 19th century — 20th century — more centuries) As a means of recording the passage of time, the 19th century was that century which lasted from 1801-1900 in the sense of the Gregorian calendar. ... Romanticism was an artistic and intellectual movement in the history of ideas that originated in late 18th century Western Europe. ... Victoria Tower at the Palace of Westminster, London: Gothic details provided by A.W.N. Pugin The Gothic revival was a European architectural movement with origins in mid-18th century England. ... Alternative meaning: Nineteenth Century (periodical) (18th century — 19th century — 20th century — more centuries) As a means of recording the passage of time, the 19th century was that century which lasted from 1801-1900 in the sense of the Gregorian calendar. ... Saint Petersburg (Russian: Санкт-Петербу́рг, English transliteration: Sankt-Peterburg), colloquially known as Питер (transliterated Piter), formerly known as Leningrad (Ленингра́д, 1924–1991) and Petrograd (Петрогра́д, 1914–1924), is a city located in Northwestern Russia on the delta of the river Neva at the east end of the Gulf of Finland... Munich: Frauenkirche and Town Hall steeple Munich (German: MÃ¼nchen (pronounced listen) is the state capital of the German state of Bavaria. ...

In American architecture, neoclassicism was one expression of the American Renaissance movement, ca 1890-1917; its last manifestation was in Beaux-Arts architecture, and its very last, large public projects were the Lincoln Memorial (highly criticised at the time), the National Gallery in Washington, D.C., and the American Museum of Natural History's Roosevelt Memorial. These were white elephants as they were built. In the British Raj, Sir Edwin Lutyens' monumental city planning for New Delhi marks the glorious sunset of neoclassicism. Soon World War II destroyed all illusions. For the white nationalist magazine, see American Renaissance (magazine). ... 1890 was a common year starting on Wednesday (see link for calendar). ... 1917 was a common year starting on Monday (see link for calendar). ... ... The Lincoln Memorial, built 1915 - 1922 The Lincoln Memorial, on the extended axis of the National Mall in Washington, DC, is a memorial to United States President Abraham Lincoln. ... The East Building of the National Gallery of Art The National Gallery of Art is an art museum owned and managed by the government of the United States. ... The American Museum of Natural History is a landmark of Manhattans Upper West Side in New York, at 79th Street and Central Park West. ... A royal white elephant A white elephant (also albino elephant) is a rare kind of elephant. ... Sir Edwin Landseer Lutyens OM (March 29, 1869 - January 1, 1944), was arguably the greatest British architect of the 20th century. ... This article is about the city which is the capital of India. ...

Covert neoclassicism in Moderne styles

Meanwhile, conservative modernist architects like Charles Perret in France kept the rhythms and spacing of columnar architecture even in factory buildings. Where a colonnade would have been decried as "reactionary," a building's pilaster-like fluted panels under a repeating frieze looked "progressive." Pablo Picasso experimented with classicizing motifs in the years immediately following World War I, and the Art Deco style that peaked in the 1925 Paris Exposition des Arts Décoratifs often drew on neoclassical motifs without expressing them overtly: severe, blocky commodes by E. J. Ruhlmann or Sue et Mare; crisp, extremely low-relief friezes of damsels and gazelles in every medium; fashionable dresses that were draped or cut on the bias to recreate Grecian lines; the art dance of Isadora Duncan; the Streamline Moderne styling of US post offices and county court buildings built as late as 1950; and the Roosevelt dime. Neoclassic themes can even be detected in the Smith Tower, Seattle. In classical architecture, a colonnade denotes a long sequence of columns joined by their entablature, often free-standing, as in the famous elliptically curving colonnades that Bernini added to the facade of Saint Peters Basilica in Rome, which embrace and define the Piazza. ... In architecture, pilasters comprise slightly-projecting pseudo-columns built into or onto a wall, with capitals and bases. ... Young Pablo Picasso Pablo Picasso, formally Pablo Ruiz Picasso, (October 25, 1881 â€“ April 8, 1973) was one of the recognized masters of 20th century art, probably most famous as the founder, along with Georges Braque, of Cubism. ... World War I was primarily a European conflict with many facets: immense human sacrifice, stalemate trench warfare, and the use of new, devastating weapons - tanks, aircraft, machineguns, and poison gas. ... Asheville City Hall. ... Ã‰mile-Jacques Ruhlmann (28 August 1879, Paris - 1933), his first names often seen reversed as Jacques-Ã‰mile, was a renowned French designer of furniture and interiors, epitomising for many the glamour of the French Art Deco style of the 1920s. ... photo by Arnold Genthe Isadora Duncan (May 27, 1878 - September 14, 1927) was an American dancer. ... Streamline Moderne, sometimes referred to by either name alone, was a late branch of the Art Deco style. ... Smith Tower construction, February 1913 The Smith Tower, located in Pioneer Square, is the oldest skyscraper in Seattle, Washington. ...

Literary neoclassicism

Provincial Neoclassicism: a monastery near Ostashkov in Russia (photo from 1910).

The arts do not always march in step, and "neoclassicism" in English literature is associated with the "Augustan" writers of the early 18th century, all the heirs of John Dryden and Milton. The giant among their inspiring Latin classics was Virgil. Major writers of the period have included Daniel Defoe, Jonathan Swift, Alexander Pope. The ensuing period of "Romantic" writers had its origins at the height of neoclassicism in the visual arts, about 1800. Image File history File links Download high resolution version (800x705, 142 KB) Early color photograph from Russia, created by Sergei Mikhailovich Prokudin-Gorskii as part of his work to document the Russian Empire from 1909 to 1915. ... Image File history File links Download high resolution version (800x705, 142 KB) Early color photograph from Russia, created by Sergei Mikhailovich Prokudin-Gorskii as part of his work to document the Russian Empire from 1909 to 1915. ... 1910 in topic: Arts Architecture- Art- Film- Literature- Music- Television Science and technology Aviation- Rail transport- Science Other topics Australia- Canada- Ireland- South Africa- Sport Births- Deaths Lists of leaders: State leaders - Religious leaders 1910 was a common year starting on Saturday (see link for calendar). ... John Dryden (August 19, 1631 â€“ May 12, 1700) was an influential English poet, literary critic, and playwright. ... John Milton John Milton (December 9, 1608 â€“ November 8, 1674) was an English poet, most famous for his blank verse epic Paradise Lost. ... For other uses see Virgil (disambiguation). ... Daniel Defoe Daniel Defoe (1660 â€“ April 24, 1731) was an English writer and journalist, who first gained fame for his novel Robinson Crusoe. ... Jonathan Swift Jonathan Swift (November 30, 1667 â€“ October 19, 1745) was an Anglo-Irish writer who is famous for works like Gullivers Travels and A Tale of a Tub. ... Alexander Pope Alexander Pope (May 22, 1688 â€“ May 30, 1744) is considered one of the greatest English poets of the eighteenth century. ...

In France, the hallmark of neoclassicism is the theater of Jean Racine, with his balanced lines of verse, restraint in emotion, refinement in diction, without excesses, his artistic consistency, so that the tragic tone was not offset by moments of realism or humor (as in Shakespeare), and his formal adherence to the "classical unities" extracted from Aristotle's Poetics. Jean Racine (December 22, 1639 - April 21, 1699) was a French dramatist, one of the big three of 17th century France (along with Molière and Corneille). ... ... Aristotle (sculpture) Aristotle (Greek: Î‘ÏÎ¹ÏƒÏ„Î¿Ï„ÎÎ»Î·Ï‚ AristotelÄ“s; 384 BC â€“ March 7, 322 BC) was an ancient Greek philosopher. ... Poetics - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia /**/ @import /skins-1. ...

In 1786, the German literary master Goethe ended his proto-Romantic Sturm und Drang period with his trip to Italy (recounted in his 1817 work, Italienische Reise). Afterwards, he and colleague Schiller emulated the themes and sensibility of Greek tragedy in works like Iphigenia auf Tauris (Iphigenia at Tauris), Römische Elegien (Roman Elegies), and Faust. Neo-Classical themes also dominated the work of German poet Hölderlin. Johann Wolfgang von Goethe Johann Wolfgang von Goethe (pronounced [gø tə]) (August 28, 1749–March 22, 1832) was a German writer, politician, humanist, scientist, and philosopher. ... Sturm und Drang (literally: storm and stress) was a Germany literary movement that developed during the latter half of the 18th century. ... Johann Christoph Friedrich von Schiller (November 10, 1759 - May 9, 1805), usually known as Friedrich Schiller, was a German poet, philosopher, historian, and dramatist. ... Tragedy is one of the oldest forms of drama. ... This page is a candidate to be moved to Wikisource. ... Faust or Faustus is the protagonist of a popular German tale that has been used as the basis for many different fictional works. ... Friedrich HÃ¶lderlin Johann Christian Friedrich HÃ¶lderlin (March 20, 1770 â€“ June 6, 1843) was a major German lyric poet. ...

Neoclassicism Part II: Between the Wars

There was an entire 20th century movement in the Arts which was also called Neo-classicism. It encompassed at least music, philosophy, and literature. It was between the end of World war I and the end of World war II. For information on the musical aspects, see 20th century classical music#Neoclassicism and Neoclassicism (music). For information on the philosophical aspects, see Great Books (19th century - 20th century - 21st century - more centuries) Decades: 1900s 1910s 1920s 1930s 1940s 1950s 1960s 1970s 1980s 1990s As a means of recording the passage of time, the 20th century was that century which lasted from 1901–2000 in the sense of the Gregorian calendar (1900–1999 in the... World War I was primarily a European conflict with many facets: immense human sacrifice, stalemate trench warfare, and the use of new, devastating weapons - tanks, aircraft, machineguns, and poison gas. ... World War II was a truly global conflict with many facets: immense human suffering, fierce indoctrinations, and the use of new, extremely devastating weapons like the atom bomb. ... 20th century classical music was extremely diverse, beginning with the late Romantic style of Sergei Rachmaninoff and the Impressionism of Claude Debussy, and ranging to such distant sound-worlds as the complete serialism of Pierre Boulez, the simple triadic harmonies of minimalist composers such as Steve Reich, and Philip Glass... // Artistic description Neoclassicism was a 20th century development, particularly popular in the period between the two World Wars, in which composers drew inspiration from music of the 18th century, though some of the inspiring canon was drawn as much from the Baroque period as the Classical period - for this reason... Great Books refers to a curriculum and a book list that came about as the result of a discussion among American academics and educators, starting in the 1920s and 1930s and begun by Prof. ...

Literary Neoclassicism, 20th-century style

The 20th Century literary movement termed neoclassicism is a movement that rejected the extreme romanticism of (for example) dada, in favour of restraint, religion (specifically Christianity) and a reactionary political programme. Although the foundations for this movement were laid by T.E. Hulme, the most famous neoclassicists were T.S. Eliot and Wyndham Lewis. (19th century - 20th century - 21st century - more centuries) Decades: 1900s 1910s 1920s 1930s 1940s 1950s 1960s 1970s 1980s 1990s As a means of recording the passage of time, the 20th century was that century which lasted from 1901–2000 in the sense of the Gregorian calendar (1900–1999 in the... Cover of the first edition of the publication, Dada. ... Thomas Ernest Hulme (September 16, 1883 - 28 September 1917) was an English writer, who during his informal tenure from 1909 as critic for The New Age, edited by A. R. Orage, exerted a notable influence on London modernism. ... Thomas Stearns Eliot (September 26, 1888 - January 4, 1965), was a major Modernist Anglo-American poet, dramatist, and literary critic. ... Wyndam Lewis in 1916 Wyndham Lewis (November 18, 1882 - March 7, 1957) was a British painter and author. ...

Contents

Neoclassic in architecture and the visual arts GA_googleFillSlot("encyclopedia_square");

Covert neoclassicism in Moderne styles

Literary neoclassicism

Neoclassicism Part II: Between the Wars

Literary Neoclassicism, 20th-century style

See also

Further reading

Neoclassic in architecture and the visual arts