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Clastic rocks are composed of fragments, or clasts, of pre-existing rock. The term is most commonly, but not uniquely, applied to sedimentary rocks. Image File history File links Download high-resolution version (1231x821, 272 KB) Summary Licensing File links The following pages on the English Wikipedia link to this file (pages on other projects are not listed): Sedimentary rock Clastic rocks User:Moondigger ...
Image File history File links Download high-resolution version (1231x821, 272 KB) Summary Licensing File links The following pages on the English Wikipedia link to this file (pages on other projects are not listed): Sedimentary rock Clastic rocks User:Moondigger ...
A photographer in Upper Antelope Canyon Wikimedia Commons has media related to: Antelope Canyon Antelope Canyon is the most-visited and most-photographed slot canyon in the American Southwest. ...
Red sandstone interior of Lower Antelope Canyon, Arizona, worn smooth due to erosion by flash flooding over millions of years Sandstone is a sedimentary rock composed mainly of sand-size mineral or rock grains. ...
“Rock†redirects here. ...
Two types of sedimentary rock: limey shale overlaid by limestone. ...
Clastic metamorphic and igneous rocks
Clastic metamorphic rocks include breccias formed in faults, as well as some protomylonite and pseudotachylite. Occasionally, metamorphic rocks can be brecciated via hydrothermal fluids, forming a hydrofracture breccia. Metamorphic rock is the result of the transformation of a pre-existing rock type, the protolith, in a process called metamorphism, which means change in form, derived from the Greek words meta, change, and morphe, form. The protolith is subjected to extreme heat (>150 degrees Celsius) and pressure causing profound...
Breccia, derived from the Latin word for broken, is a sedimentary rock composed of angular fragments in a matrix that may be of a similar or a different material. ...
Old fault exposed by roadcut near Harrisburg, Pennsylvania. ...
Mylonite is a fine-grained, compact rock without cleavage or crystals. ...
Pseudotachylite is a fault rock that has the appearance of the basaltic glass, tachylyte. ...
Hydrothermal circulation in the oceans is the passage of the water through mid-ocean Ridge (MOR) systems. ...
Clastic igneous rocks include pyroclastic volcanic rocks such as tuff, agglomerate and intrusive breccias, as well as some marginal eutaxitic and taxitic intrusive morphologies. Igneous clastic rocks are broken by flow, injection or explosive disruption of solid or semi-solid igneous rocks or lavas. Igneous rocks are formed when molten rock (magma) cools and solidifies, with or without crystallization, either below the surface as intrusive (plutonic) rocks or on the surface as extrusive (volcanic) rocks. ...
Pyroclastic rocks are formed from lavas which are ejected into the air, as occur in pyroclastic flows or Plinian eruptions. ...
Ignimbrite is a deposit of a pyroclastic flow. ...
Welded tuff at Golden Gate in Yellowstone National Park Tuff (from the Italian tufo) is a type of rock consisting of consolidated volcanic ash ejected from vents during a volcanic eruption. ...
Agglomerate - Wikipedia /**/ @import /skins-1. ...
Breccia, derived from the Latin word for broken, is a sedimentary rock composed of angular fragments in a matrix that may be of a similar or a different material. ...
Look up lava, Aa, pahoehoe in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ...
Clastic sediments Clastic sedimentary rocks are rocks composed predominantly of broken pieces or 'clasts' of older weathered and eroded rocks. Clastic sediments or sedimentary rocks are classified based on grain size, clast and cementing material (matrix) composition, and texture. The classification factors are often useful in determining a sample's environment of deposition. Two types of sedimentary rock: limey shale overlaid by limestone. ...
Weathering is the decomposition of rocks, soils and their minerals through direct contact with the Earths atmosphere. ...
For morphological image processing operations, see Erosion (morphology). ...
Particle size, also called grain size, refers to the diameter of individual grains of sediment, or the lithified particles in clastic rocks. ...
The matrix or groundmass of an igneous rock consists of fine grained often microscopic crystals in which larger crystals (phenocrysts) are embedded. ...
Grain size determines the basic name of a clastic sedimentary rock. Grain size varies from clay in shales; through silt in siltstones; sand in sandstones; and gravel, cobble, to boulder sized fragments in conglomerates and breccias. The Krumbein phi (φ) scale numerically orders these terms in a logarithmic size scale. For other uses, see Clay (disambiguation). ...
Shale Shale is a fine-grained sedimentary rock whose original constituents were clays or muds. ...
For other uses, see Silt (disambiguation). ...
Siltstone Siltstone is a geological term for a sedimentary rock whose composition is intermediate in grain size between the coarser sandstone and the finer mudstone. ...
For other uses, see Sand (disambiguation). ...
Red sandstone interior of Lower Antelope Canyon, Arizona, worn smooth due to erosion by flash flooding over millions of years Sandstone is a sedimentary rock composed mainly of sand-size mineral or rock grains. ...
Gravel (largest fragment in this photo is about 4 cm) Gravel is rock that is of a certain particle size range. ...
Cobble is a geologic term for a rock or rock fragment with a grain size with dimensions between 64–256 mm (2. ...
Boulder In geology, a boulder is a rock with grain size of usually no less than 256 mm (10 inches) diameter. ...
A conglomerate with iron oxide cementing material Conglomerate, Submarine Landslide located at Point Reyes, Marin County California. ...
Breccia, derived from the Latin word for broken, is a sedimentary rock composed of angular fragments in a matrix that may be of a similar or a different material. ...
Particle size, also called grain size, refers to the diameter of individual grains of sediment, or the lithified particles in clastic rocks. ...
Composition includes the chemical and mineralogic make-up of the single or varied fragments and the cementing material (matrix) holding the clasts together as a rock. A chemical substance is any material substance used in or obtained by a process in chemistry: A chemical compound is a substance consisting of two or more chemical elements that are chemically combined in fixed proportions. ...
For other uses, see Mineral (disambiguation). ...
The matrix or groundmass of an igneous rock consists of fine grained often microscopic crystals in which larger crystals (phenocrysts) are embedded. ...
An example clastic environment would be a river system, in which the full range of grains being transported by the moving water consist of pieces eroded from solid rock upstream. For morphological image processing operations, see Erosion (morphology). ...
Sedimentary breccias Sedimentary breccias are a type of clastic sedimentary rock which are composed of angular to subangular, randomly oriented clasts of other sedimentary rocks. They are formed by either submarine debris flows, avalanches, mud flow or mass flow in an aqueous medium. Technically, turbidites are a form of debris flow deposit and are a fine-grained peripheral deposit to a sedimentary breccia flow. Breccia, derived from the Latin word for broken, is a sedimentary rock composed of angular fragments in a matrix that may be of a similar or a different material. ...
Scars formed by debris flow in great Los Angeles during the winter of 1968-1969. ...
This article refers to the natural event known as an avalanche. ...
USGS image Turbidite geological formations have their origins in turbidity current deposits, deposits from a form of underwater avalanche that are responsible for distributing vast amounts of clastic sediment into the deep ocean. ...
The other derivation of sedimentary breccia is as angular, poorly sorted, very immature fragments of rocks in a finer grained groundmass which are produced by mass wasting. These are, in essence, lithified colluvium. Thick sequences of sedimentary (colluvial) breccias are generally formed next to fault scarps in grabens. This article or section contains information that has not been verified and thus might not be reliable. ...
USGS image A graben is a depressed block of land bordered by parallel faults. ...
In the field, it may at times be difficult to distinguish between a debris flow sedimentary breccia and a colluvial breccia, especially if one is working entirely from drilling information. Sedimentary breccias are an integral host rock for many SEDEX ore deposits. An electric drill A drill is a tool with a rotary drill bit used to bore holes through material. ...
Sedimentary exhalative deposits (abbreviated as SEDEX from SEDimentary EXhalative) are ore deposits which are interpreted to have been formed by release of ore-bearing hydrothermal fluids into a water reservoir (usually the ocean), resulting in the precipitation of stratiform ore. ...
Igneous clastic rocks Igneous clastic rocks can be divided into two classes Image File history File links Basalt_breccia. ...
Image File history File links Basalt_breccia. ...
For the cities, see Basalt, Colorado and Basalt, Idaho. ...
The matrix or groundmass of rock is the fine-grained mass of material in which larger grains or crystals are embedded. ...
Epidote from Slovakia Epidote is a calcium aluminium iron sorosilicate mineral, Ca2(Al, Fe)3(SiO4)3(OH), crystallizing in the monoclinic system. ...
- Broken, fragmental rocks produced by intrusive processes, usually associated with plutons or porphyry stocks
- Broken, fragmental rocks associated with volcanic eruptions, both of lava and pyroclastic type
Devils Tower, an igneous intrusion exposed when the surrounding softer rock eroded away. ...
Devils Tower, an igneous intrusion exposed when the surrounding softer rock eroded away. ...
Look up lava, Aa, pahoehoe in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ...
Pyroclastic rocks are formed from lavas which are ejected into the air, as occur in pyroclastic flows or Plinian eruptions. ...
Hydrothermal clastic rocks Hydrothermal clastic rocks are generally restricted to those formed by hydrofracture, the process by which hydrothermal circulation cracks and brecciates the wall rocks and fills it in with veins. This is particularly prominent in epithermal ore deposits and is associated with alteration zones around many intrusive rocks, especially granites. Many skarn and greisen deposits are associated with hydrothermal breccias. Hydrothermal circulation in the oceans is the passage of the water through mid-ocean Ridge (MOR) systems. ...
Iron ore (Banded iron formation) Manganese ore Lead ore Gold ore An ore is a volume of rock containing components or minerals in a mode of occurrence which renders it valuable for mining. ...
Metasomatism is a geologic process where metamorphism causes an alteration in a mineral or rock mass that involves a chemical change of the substance with the addition of material, as when chrysolite (olivine) is converted to serpentine basically by the addition of water. ...
For other uses, see granite (disambiguation). ...
Skarn: microscopic view under crossed polarizers Skarn is a metamorphic rock that is usually variably colored green or red, occasionally grey, black, brown or white. ...
Greisen is a highly altered granitic rock or pegmatite. ...
Impact breccias A fairly rare form of clastic rock is formed during meteorite impact. This is composed primarily of ejecta; clasts of country rock, melted rock fragments, tektites (glass ejected from the impact crater) and exotic fragments, including fragments derived from the impactor itself. Willamette Meteorite A meteorite is a natural object originating in outer space that survives an impact with the Earths surface without being destroyed. ...
A tektite Tektites (from Greek tektos, molten) are natural glass objects, up to a few centimeters in size, which — according to most scientists — have been formed by the impact of large meteorites on Earths surface, although a few researchers favor an origin from the Moon as volcanic ejecta. ...
Identifying a clastic rock as an impact breccia requires recognising shatter cones, tektites, spherulites, and the morphology of an impact crater, as well as potentially recognising particular chemical and trace element signatures, especially osmiridium. A conical fragment of rock with regular thin grooves (striae) that radiate from the top (apex) of the cone. ...
Spherulites, in petrology, are small, rounded bodies that commonly occur in vitreous igneous rocks. ...
Tycho crater on Earths moon. ...
Osmiridium is an alloy of osmium and iridium with a trace of platinum and rhodium, found naturally or man-made. ...
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