Claude Cahun (25 October 1894 – 8 December 1954) was a French artist, photographer and writer. Her work was both political and personal, and often played with the concepts of gender and sexuality. is the 298th day of the year (299th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... 1894 (MDCCCXCIV) was a common year starting on Monday (see link for calendar). ... is the 342nd day of the year (343rd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1954 (MCMLIV) was a common year starting on Friday (link will display full 1954 Gregorian calendar). ... The definition of an artist is wide-ranging and covers a broad spectrum of activities to do with creating art, practicing the arts and/or demonstrating an art. ... A photographer at the Calgary Folk Music Festival Paparazzi at the Tribeca Film Festival A photographer is a person who takes a photograph using a camera. ... A writer is anyone who creates a written work, although the word more usually designates those who write creatively or professionally, or those who have written in many different forms. ... Gender symbols: female (left), male (right). ... This article is about human sexual perceptions. ...

Biography

Born Lucy Schwob in Nantes, she was the niece of writer Marcel Schwob and the great-niece of Orientalist David Léon Cahun. Her mother's mental problems meant that she was brought up by her maternal grandmother, Mathilde Cahun. Traditional city flag City coat of arms Motto: Favet Neptunus eunti (Latin: Shall Neptune favour the traveller) Location Coordinates Time Zone CET (GMT +1) Administration Country Region Pays de la Loire Department Loire-Atlantique (44) Mayor Jean-Marc Ayrault  (PS) (since 1989) City Statistics Land area¹ 65. ... Marcel Schwob, French writer, was born in Chaville on 23 August 1867, died on 12 February 1905. ...

Around 1919, she settled on the pseudonym Claude Cahun, intentionally selecting a sexually ambiguous name, after having previously used the names Claude Courlis and Daniel Douglas. During the early twenties, she settled in Paris with her life-long partner and stepsister Suzanne Malherbe. For the rest of their lives together, Cahun and Malherbe (who adopted the pseudonym Marcel Moore) collaborated on various written works, sculptures, and collages. She published articles and novels, notably in the periodical "Mercure de France", and befriended Henri Michaux, Pierre Morhange and Robert Desnos. Throughout her life, she worked on a series of monologues called "Heroines," which was based upon female fairy tale characters and intertwining them with witty comparisons to the contemporary image of women. In 1929, a photograph of her was published in the journal Bifur. The following year, her autobiographical essay Aveux non avenus, illustrated with photomontages, was published by Carrefour. For other uses, see Alias. ... This article is about the capital of France. ... Suzanne Malherbe (1892-1972), also known by the alias Marcel Moore, was an illustrator and designer. ... The Mercure de France was a French gazette and literary magazine first published from 1672 to 1724 (with an interruption in 1674-1677) under the title Mercure galant (sometimes spelled Mercure gallant) (1672-1674) and Nouveau Mercure galant (1677-1724). ... Henri Michaux (May 24, 1899 - October 18, 1984) was a highly individualistic Belgian poet, writer and painter who wrote in the French language. ... Robert Desnos (July 4, 1900 - June 8, 1945) was a French surrealist poet. ... An imaginary world composed of photorealistic inanimate, human, and plant objects spurs a psychological impact upon the viewer. ...

In 1932 she joined the Association des Ecrivains et Artistes Révolutionnaires, where she met André Breton and René Crevel. Following this, she started associating with the surrealist group, and later participated in a number of surrealist exhibitions, including the London International Surrealist Exhibition (New Burlington Gallery) and Exposition surréaliste d'Objets (Charles Ratton Gallery, Paris), both in 1936. In 1934, she published a short polemic essay, Les Paris sont Ouverts, and in 1935 took part in the founding of the left-wing group Contre Attaque, alongside André Breton and Georges Bataille. André Breton André Breton (French IPA: ) (February 19, 1896 – September 28, 1966) was a French writer, poet, and surrealist theorist, and is best known as the main founder of surrealism. ... René Crevel - Wikipedia /**/ @import /skins-1. ... Surrealism is an artistic movement and an aesthetic philosophy that aims for the liberation of the mind by emphasizing the critical and imaginative powers of the subconscious. ... The International Surrealist Exhibition was held from 11 June to 4 July 1936 at the New Burlington Galleries in London. ... André Breton André Breton (French IPA: ) (February 19, 1896 – September 28, 1966) was a French writer, poet, and surrealist theorist, and is best known as the main founder of surrealism. ... This article or section does not adequately cite its references or sources. ...

In 1937 Cahun and Malherbe settled in Jersey. Following the outbreak of World War 2 and the German invasion, they became active as resistance fighters and propagandists. Fervently against war, the two worked extensively in producing anti-German fliers. Many were snippets from English-to-German translations of BBC reports on the Nazi's crimes and insolence, which were pasted together to create rhythmic poems and harsh criticism. The couple then dressed up and attended many German military events in Jersey, strategically placing them in soldier's pockets, on their chairs, etc. Also, fliers were inconspicuously crumpled up and thrown into cars and windows. In many ways, Cahun and Malherbe's resistance efforts were not only political but artistic actions, using their creative talents to manipulate and undermine the authority which they despised. In many ways, Cahun's life's work was focused on undermining a certain authority, however her specific resistance fighting targeted a physically dangerous threat. In 1944 they were arrested and sentenced to death, but the sentences were never carried out. However, Cahun's health never recovered from her treatment in jail, and she died in 1954. Combatants Allied powers: China France Great Britain Soviet Union United States and others Axis powers: Germany Italy Japan and others Commanders Chiang Kai-shek Charles de Gaulle Winston Churchill Joseph Stalin Franklin Roosevelt Adolf Hitler Benito Mussolini Hideki Tōjō Casualties Military dead: 17,000,000 Civilian dead: 33,000...

In many ways, Cahun's life was marked by a sense of role reversal, and her public identity became a commentary upon not only her own, but the public's notions of sexuality, gender, beauty, and logic. Her adoption of a sexually ambiguous name, and her androgynous self-portraits display a revolutionay way of thinking and creating, experimenting with her audience's understanding of photography as a documentation of reality. Her poetry challenged gender roles and attacked the increasingly modern world's social and economic boundaries. Also Cahun's participation in the Parisian Surrealist movement diversified the group's artwork and ushered in new representations. Where most Surrealist artists were men, and their primary images were of women as isolated symbols of eroticism, Cahun epitomized the chameleonic and multiple possibilities of the female identity. Her photographs, writings, and general life as an artistic and political revolutionary continue to influence countless artists, namely Cindy Sherman and Nan Goldin. Claude Cahun is often claimed today as a historical example of a lesbian or queer woman, but some are now claiming Cahun as a transgender person on the female-to-male spectrum (see "Tim Tum: A Trans Jew Zine" by Micah Bazant for more on this). Claude Cahun is seen by some as a transgender photographer whose works precede that of Loren Cameron's, a contemporary transgender photographer who, like Cahun, focuses on the self. Cindy Sherman (born January 19, 1954 in Bay ridge, New York) is an American photographer and film director known for her conceptual self-portraits. ... The Ballad of Sexual Dependency (1986). ... Loren Cameron (born 1959) is an American photographer, author and transsexual activist. ...

Cahun's collected writings were published in 2002 as Claude Cahun - Écrits (ISBN 2-85893-616-1), edited by François Leperlier.

Bibliography (French language)

• Vues et Visions (Pseudonym Claude Courlis), Mercure de France, No. 406, 16 May 1914
• La 'Salomé' d'Oscar Wilde. Le procés Billing et les 47000 pervertis du Livre noir, Mercure de France, No. 481, 1 July 1918
• Le poteau frontière (Pseudonym Daniel Douglas), La Gerbe, No. 3, December 1918
• Au plus beau des anges (Pseudonym Daniel Douglas), La Gerbe, No. 3, December 1918
• Cigarettes (Pseudonym Daniel Douglas), La Gerbe, No. 3, December 1918
• Aux Amis des livres, La Gerbe, No. 5, February 1919
• La Sorbonne en fête (Pseudonym Daniel Douglas), La Gerbe, No. 5, February 1919
• La possession du Monde, par Georges Duhamel, La Gerbe, No. 7, April 1919
• Les Gerbes (Pseudonym Daniel Douglas), La Gerbe, No. 7, April 1919
• L'amour aveugle (Pseudonym Daniel Douglas), La Gerbe, No. 12, September 1919
• La machine magique (Pseudonym Daniel Douglas), La Gerbe, No. 12, September 1919
• Mathilde Alanic. Les roses refleurissent, Le Phare de la Loire, 29 June 1919
• Le théâtre de mademoiselle, par Mathias Morhardt, Le Phare de la Loire, 20 July 1919
• Vues et Visions, mit Illustrationen von Marcel Moore, Paris: Georges Crès & Cie, 1919
• Paraboles (Pseudonym Daniel Douglas), La Gerbe, No. 17, February 1920
• Une conférence de Georges Duhamel (Pseudonym Daniel Douglas), La Gerbe, No. 19, April 1920
• Marcel Schwob, La Gerbe, No. 20, May 1920
• Héroïnes: 'Eve la trop crédule', 'Dalila, femme entre les femmes', 'La Sadique Judith', 'Hélène la rebelle', 'Sapho l'incomprise', 'Marguerite, sœur incestueuse', 'Salomé la sceptique', Mercure de France, No. 639, 1 February 1925
• Héroïnes: 'Sophie la symboliste', 'la Belle', Le Journal littéraire, No. 45, 28 February 1925
• Méditation de Mademoiselle Lucie Schwob, Philosophies, No. 5/6, March 1925
• Récits de rêve, in the special edition Les rêves, Le Disque vert, Third year, Book 4, No. 2, 1925
• Carnaval en chambre, La Ligne de cœur, Book 4, March 1926
• Ephémérides, Mercure de France, No. 685, 1 January 1927
• Au Diable, Le Plateau, No. 2, May-June 1929
• Ellis, Havelock: La Femme dans la société - I. L'Hygiene sociale, translated by Lucy Schwob, Mercure de France, 1929
• The Songs of Bilitis , translated by lucy schwob, 1930
• Aveux non avenus, illustrated by Marcel Moore, Paris: Editions du Carrefour, 30 May 1930
• Frontière Humaine, self-portrait, Bifur, No. 5, April 1930
• Protestez (AEAR), Feuille rouge, No. 2, March 1933
• Contre le fascisme Mays aussi contre l'impérialisme francais (AEAR), Feuille rouge, No. 4, May 1933
• Les Paris sont ouvert, Paris: José Corti, May 1934
• Union de lutte des intellectuels révolutionnaires, Contre-Attaque, 7 October 1935
• Prenez garde aux objets domestique, Cahier d'Art I-II, 1936
• Sous le feu des canons francais ... et alliés, Contre-Attaque, March 1936
• Dissolution de Contre-Attaque, L'Œuvre, 24 March 1936
• Exposition surréaliste d'objets, Exhibition at the Charles Ratton Gallery, Paris, 22-29 May 1936. Items listed by Claude Cahun are Un air de famille and Souris valseuses
• Il n'y a pas de liberté pour les ennemis de la liberté, 20 July 1936
• Deharme, Lise: Le Cœur de Pic, 32 illustrated with 20 photos by Claude Cahun, Paris: José Cortis, 1937
• Adhésion à la Fédération Internationale de l'Art Révolutionnaire Indépendant, Clé, No. 1, January 1939
• À bas les lettres de cachets! À bas la terreur grise! (FIARI), June 1939

is the 136th day of the year (137th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1914 (MCMXIV) was a common year starting on Thursday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar (or a common year starting on Wednesday of the 13-day-slower Julian calendar). ... is the 182nd day of the year (183rd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1918 (MCMXVIII) was a common year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar (or a common year starting on Monday[1] of the 13-day-slower Julian calendar). ... is the 180th day of the year (181st in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1919 (MCMXIX) was a common year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar). ... is the 201st day of the year (202nd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1919 (MCMXIX) was a common year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar). ... is the 32nd day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1925 (MCMXXV) was a common year starting on Thursday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 59th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1925 (MCMXXV) was a common year starting on Thursday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 1st day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1927 (MCMXXVII) was a common year starting on Saturday (link will display full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 150th day of the year (151st in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1930 (MCMXXX) was a common year starting on Wednesday (link will display 1930 calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 280th day of the year (281st in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... 1935 (MCMXXXV) was a common year starting on Tuesday (link will display full calendar). ... is the 83rd day of the year (84th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1936 (MCMXXXVI) was a leap year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 149th day of the year (150th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1936 (MCMXXXVI) was a leap year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 201st day of the year (202nd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1936 (MCMXXXVI) was a leap year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ...

Bibliography (English language)

• Laurie J. Monahan, "Radical Transformations: Claude Cahun and the Masquerade of Womanliness". In: Catherine de Zegher (ed.), Inside the Visible, Institute of Contemporary Art, Boston & MIT Press, 1996.
• Claude Cahun, Tacinta Dean and Virginia Nimarkoh: Mise-En-Scene: Institute for Contemporary Arts: London: 1996: ISBN 0-905263-59-6
• Shelley Rice:Inverted Odysseys: Claude Cahun, Maya Deren and Cindy Sherman: Cambridge: Massachuesetts: MIT Press: 1999: ISBN 0-262-68106-4
• 'Playing a Part: The Story of Claude Cahun,' drama documentary film by Lizzie Thynne, Brighton: Sussex University, 2004. Available from l.thynne@sussex.ac.uk.
• Louise Downie: Don't Kiss Me: The Art of Claude Cahun and Marcel Moore: London: Aperture: 2006: ISBN 1-85437-679-9

Film

• Playing a Part - by Lizzie Thynne
• Lover Other by Barbara Hammer

Exhibitions

• International Surrealist Exhibition, London - June-July 1936
• Mise en Scene - Institute of Contemporary Art (ICA), London - 13 October to 27 November 1994
• Claude Cahun : photographe : Claude Cahun 1894-1954 - Musée d'Art Moderne, Paris - 23 June to 17 September 1995
• Neue Museum, Graz, Austria - 4 October to 3 December 1997
• Fotografische Sammlung, Museum Folkwang Essen, Germany - 18 January - 8 March 1998
• Don't Kiss Me - Disruptions of the Self in the Work of Claude Cahun - Presentation House Gallery, North Vancouver, Canada - 7 November to 20 December 1998
• Don't Kiss Me - Disruptions of the Self in the Work of Claude Cahun - Art Gallery of Ontario, Ontario, Canada - 8 May to 18 July 1999
• Inverted Odysseys - Grey Art Gallery, New York, USA - 16 November 1999 to 29 January 2000
• Surrealism: Desire Unbound - Tate Modern, London - 20 September 2001 to 1 January 2002
• Claude Cahun - Retrospective - IVAM, Valencia, Spain - 8 November 2001 to 20 January 2002
• I am in training - don't kiss me - New York, USA - May 2004
• Acting Out: Claude Cahun and Marcel Moore - The Judah L. Magnes Museum - 4 April - July 2005
• Colby College Museum of Art, Waterville, ME, USA - September to October 2005
• Jersey Museum - November 2005 to January 2006

The International Surrealist Exhibition was held from 11 June to 4 July 1936 at the New Burlington Galleries in London. ... The Institute of Contemporary Art (ICA) is a museum and exhibition space in Boston, Massachusetts, USA, founded in 1936. ... is the 286th day of the year (287th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 331st day of the year (332nd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1994 (MCMXCIV) The year 1994 was designated as the International Year of the Family and the International Year of the Sport and the Olympic Ideal by the United Nations. ... is the 174th day of the year (175th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 260th day of the year (261st in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1995 (MCMXCV) was a common year starting on Sunday. ... is the 277th day of the year (278th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 337th day of the year (338th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... For the band, see 1997 (band). ... is the 18th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 67th day of the year (68th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1998 (MCMXCVIII) was a common year starting on Thursday (link will display full 1998 Gregorian calendar). ... is the 311th day of the year (312th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 354th day of the year (355th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1998 (MCMXCVIII) was a common year starting on Thursday (link will display full 1998 Gregorian calendar). ... is the 128th day of the year (129th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 199th day of the year (200th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Events of 2008: (EMILY) Me Lesley and MIley are going to China! This article is about the year. ... is the 320th day of the year (321st in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Events of 2008: (EMILY) Me Lesley and MIley are going to China! This article is about the year. ... is the 29th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2000 (MM) was a leap year starting on Saturday. ... Tate Modern from the Millennium Bridge Tate Modern from St Pauls Cathedral. ... is the 263rd day of the year (264th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... This article is about the year. ... is the 1st day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... Also see: 2002 (number). ... is the 312th day of the year (313th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... This article is about the year. ... is the 20th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... Also see: 2002 (number). ... The Judah L. Magnes Museum was founded in 1962 and located in Berkeley, California. ... is the 94th day of the year (95th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ...

References

• Claude Cahun Home Page
• Claude Cahun Tribute and Biography Page
• TimTum: A Trans Jew Zine

External links

• Claude Cahun, "Je est une autre" in PURPOSE #7 (photographic webmag)
• De l'Éros des femmes surréalistes et de Claude Cahun en particulier by Georgina M.M. Colvile