Clement III, né Paulino Scolari (d. March 27, 1191), pope (1187-1191), was elected pope on December 19, 1187, and died in March 1191. He succeeded shortly after his accession in allaying the discords which had prevailed for half a century between the Popes and the citizens of Rome, in virtue of an agreement by which the latter were allowed to elect their magistrates, while the nomination of the governor of the city remained in the hands of the Pope. He incited Henry II of England and Philip Augustus to undertake the Third Crusade, and introduced several minor reforms in ecclesiastical matters.
Henry and Clement were expelled from Rome, and Clement became archbishop of Ravenna.
Clement returned to Rome functioning as Pope and negotiating with other European rulers during the reigns of Victor III and Urban II.
Clement legislated against simony and other practices, and, through the leeway he granted the cardinals supporting him, contributed to the development of the College of Cardinals.
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