Close up of Cleopatra's Needle (London)

Cleopatra's Needle in Paris at the Place de la Concorde.

One of two sphinxes at the base of Cleopatra's Needle (London). The scars that disfigure the pedestal of this sphynx were caused by fragments of a World War I bomb dropped in the roadway close to this spot, in the first air raid on London by German aeroplanes a few minutes before midnight on Tuesday 4 September 1917.

Cleopatra's Needle (London) seen from the River Thames

London's Needle being erected, August 1878

Cleopatra's Needles are a trio of obelisks in London, Paris, and New York City. Each is made of red granite, stands about 21 metres (68 feet) high, weighs about 180 tons and is inscribed with Egyptian hieroglyphs. Although the needles are genuine Ancient Egyptian obelisks, they are somewhat misnamed as none has any connection with queen Cleopatra VII of Egypt. They were originally erected in the Egyptian city of Heliopolis on the orders of Thutmose III, around 1450 BC. The material of which they were cut is granite, brought from the quarries of Aswan, near the first cataract of the Nile. The inscriptions were added about 200 years later by Ramesses II to commemorate his military victories. The obelisks were moved to Alexandria and set up in the Caesarium — a temple built by Cleopatra in honor of Mark Antony — by the Romans in 12 BC, during the reign of Augustus, but were toppled some time later. This had the fortuitous effect of burying their faces and so preserving most of the hieroglyphs from the effects of weathering. Cleopatra’s Needle, London, England. ... Cleopatra’s Needle, London, England. ... This article is about the capital of England and the United Kingdom. ... Image File history File linksMetadata Download high-resolution version (1200x1600, 1240 KB) Cleopatras Needle in Paris at the Place de la Concorde (Hôtel de Crillon in background). ... Image File history File linksMetadata Download high-resolution version (1200x1600, 1240 KB) Cleopatras Needle in Paris at the Place de la Concorde (Hôtel de Crillon in background). ... City flag City coat of arms Motto: Fluctuat nec mergitur (Latin: Tossed by the waves, she does not sink) The Eiffel Tower in Paris, as seen from the esplanade du Trocadéro. ... The Place de la Concorde seen from the Pont de la Concorde; in front, the Obelisk, behind, the Rue Royale and the Church of the Madeleine; on the left, the Hôtel de Crillon. ... One of two sphinxes at the base of Cleopatra’s Needle, London, England. ... One of two sphinxes at the base of Cleopatra’s Needle, London, England. ... The Great Sphinx of Giza, with the Pyramid of Khafre in the background For other uses, see Sphinx (disambiguation). ... This article is about the capital of England and the United Kingdom. ... A statue of Henry IV of France on a pedestal Pedestal (from French piedestal, Italian piedestallo, foot of a stall) is a term generally applied to the support of a statue or a vase. ... “The Great War ” redirects here. ... Strategic bombing is a military strategem used in a total war style campaign that attempts to destroy the economic ability of a nation-state to wage war. ... is the 247th day of the year (248th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... 1917 (MCMXVII) was a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar (see link for calendar) or a common year starting on Tuesday of the 13-day slower Julian calendar (see: 1917 Julian calendar). ... Image File history File links Download high resolution version (1923x1476, 624 KB) Cleopatra’s Needle seen from the River Thames. ... Image File history File links Download high resolution version (1923x1476, 624 KB) Cleopatra’s Needle seen from the River Thames. ... This article is about the capital of England and the United Kingdom. ... The Thames is a river flowing through southern England, and one of the major waterways in England. ... Raising the Obelisk (Cleopatras Needle), London. ... Raising the Obelisk (Cleopatras Needle), London. ... This article is about the capital of England and the United Kingdom. ... The Luxor obelisk in the Place de la Concorde in Paris For other uses, see Obelisk (disambiguation). ... This article is about the capital of England and the United Kingdom. ... City flag City coat of arms Motto: Fluctuat nec mergitur (Latin: Tossed by the waves, she does not sink) The Eiffel Tower in Paris, as seen from the esplanade du Trocadéro. ... New York, New York and NYC redirect here. ... Close-up of granite from Yosemite National Park, valley of the Merced River Quarrying granite for the Mormon Temple, Utah Territory. ... It has been suggested that Hieroglyph (French Wiki article) be merged into this article or section. ... Khafres Pyramid (4th dynasty) and Great Sphinx of Giza (c. ... // Cleopatra VII Thea Philopator (in Greek, Κλεοπάτρα Φιλοπάτωρ; January 69 BC–12 August 30 BC) was a Hellenistic co-ruler of Egypt with her father (Ptolemy XII Auletes) and later with her brothers/husbands Ptolemy XIII and Ptolemy XIV. She later became the supreme ruler of Egypt, consummated a liaison with Gaius... Heliopolis (Greek: or ), was one of the most ancient cities of Egypt, and capital of the 13th Lower Egyptian nome. ... Menkheperre Lasting is the Manifestation of Re[1] Nomen Thutmose Neferkheperu Thoth is born, beautiful of forms Horus name Kanakht Khaemwaset Mighty Bull, Arising in Thebes Nebty name Wahnesytmireempet Enduring in kingship like Re in heaven Golden Horus Sekhempahtydsejerkhaw Powerful of strength, holy of diadems Consort(s) Hatshepsut-Meryetre, Nebtu... (Redirected from 1450 BC) Centuries: 16th century BC - 15th century BC - 14th century BC Decades: 1500s BC 1490s BC 1480s BC 1470s BC 1460s BC - 1450s BC - 1440s BC 1430s BC 1420s BC 1410s BC 1400s BC Events and Trends According to some, 1456 BC was the year that Moses... Rock temples cut directly in the rocks at the Silsileh quarrying site, near Aswan The Stone quarries of ancient Egypt (now archaeological sites) once produced quality stone for the construction of decorative monuments such as sculptures and obelisks. ... The Nile (Arabic: , transliteration: , Ancient Egyptian iteru, Coptic piaro or phiaro) is a major north-flowing river in Africa, generally regarded as the longest river in the world. ... Usermaatre-setepenre The Justice of Re is Powerful, Chosen of Re Nomen Ramesses (meryamun) Born of Re, (Beloved of Amun) Horus name Kanakht Merymaa Nebty name Mekkemetwafkhasut Golden Horus Userrenput-aanehktu Consort(s) Isetnofret, Nefertari Maathorneferure Issue Bintanath, Khaemweset, Merneptah, Amun-her-khepsef, Meritamen see also: List of children of... Alexandria (Greek: , Coptic: , Arabic: , Egyptian Arabic: Iskindireyya), (population of 3. ... Motto Senatus Populusque Romanus (SPQR) The Roman Empire at its greatest extent. ... Centuries: 2nd century BC - 1st century BC - 1st century Decades: 60s BC 50s BC 40s BC 30s BC 20s BC - 10s BC - 0s 10s 20s 30s 40s Years: 17 BC 16 BC 15 BC 14 BC 13 BC 12 BC 11 BC 10 BC 9 BC 8 BC 7 BC... For other uses, see Augustus (disambiguation). ...

History of the needles

London

The London needle is in the City of Westminster, on the Victoria Embankment near the Golden Jubilee Bridges. It was presented to the United Kingdom in 1819 by Mehemet Ali, the Albanian-born viceroy of Egypt, in commemoration of the victories of Lord Nelson at the Battle of the Nile and Sir Ralph Abercromby at the Battle of Alexandria in 1801. Although the British government welcomed the gesture, it declined to fund the expense of transporting it to London. This article is about the capital of England and the United Kingdom. ... The City of Westminster is a London borough with city status, situated to the west of the City of London and north of the River Thames. ... Victoria Embankment, London The Victoria Embankment, previously the Thames Embankment is a road and walkway along the north bank of the River Thames in London in the cities of Westminster and London. ... Hungerford Bridge and Golden Jubilee Bridges, seen from the north The Hungerford Bridge runs over the River Thames in London, between Waterloo Bridge and Westminster Bridge. ... See Mehemet Ali (Turkey) for the Turkish foreign minister and regent. ... A viceroy is a royal official who governs a country or province in the name of and as representative of the monarch. ... Lord Nelson Horatio Nelson, 1st Viscount Nelson (September 29, 1758 – October 21, 1805) was a British admiral who won fame as a leading naval commander. ... Combatants Britain France Commanders Horatio Nelson François-Paul Brueys DAigalliers† Strength 14 ships of the line: * 13 x 74-gun, * 1 x 50-gun, 1 sloop 13 ships of the line: * 1 x 120-gun, * 3 x 80-gun, * 9 x 74gun, 4 frigates, some smaller Casualties 218... Sir Ralph Abercromby (sometimes spelled Abercrombie) (October 7, 1734–March 28, 1801) was a British lieutenant-general noted for his services during the Napoleonic Wars. ... The Egyptian city of Alexandria figured prominently in the military operations of Napoleons expedition of 1798. ...

The obelisk remained in Alexandria until 1877 when Sir William James Erasmus Wilson, a distinguished anatomist and dermatologist, sponsored its transportation to London at a cost of some £10,000 (a very considerable sum in those days). It was dug out of the sand in which it had been buried for nearly 2,000 years and was encased in a great iron cylinder, 92 feet long and 15 feet in diameter, designed by the engineer John Dixon and dubbed Cleopatra. It had a vertical stem and stern, a rudder, two bilge keels, a mast for balancing sails, and a deck house. This acted as a floating pontoon which was to be towed to London by the ship Olga. 1881 caricature from Punch Sir William James Erasmus Wilson (25 November 1809 - 7 August 1884), generally known as Sir Erasmus Wilson, was born in London, studied at Dartford Grammar School before St Bartholomews Hospital in London, and at Aberdeen, and early in life became known as a skilful surgeon...

The effort met with disaster on 14 October 1877, when the Cleopatra capsized in a storm in the Bay of Biscay, with the loss of six lives. The Cleopatra did not sink but instead drifted in the Bay until it was rescued by the English ship Fitzmaurice and taken to Ferrol in Spain for repairs. It finally arrived in Gravesend on 21 January 1878. The obelisk was erected on the Victoria Embankment the following August. is the 287th day of the year (288th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... 1877 (MDCCCLXXVII) was a common year starting on Monday (see link for calendar). ... Map of the Bay of Biscay. ... Ferrol can refer to: EUROPE Ferrol, Spain City and Naval Station in North Western Spain, European Union Note: Place of birth of both Francisco Franco (1892) the Spanish dictator and Pablo Iglesias (1850) founder of PSOE and UGT. ASIA Ferrol, Romblon Small Town in the Philippines Note: The Philippines got... Gravesend is a town in northwest Kent, England, on the south bank of the Thames, opposite Tilbury in Essex. ... January 21 is the 21st day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... 1878 (MDCCCLXXVIII) was a common year starting on Tuesday (see link for calendar). ... Victoria Embankment, London The Victoria Embankment, previously the Thames Embankment is a road and walkway along the north bank of the River Thames in London in the cities of Westminster and London. ...

Cleopatra's Needle is flanked by two faux-Egyptian sphinxes cast from bronze that bear hieroglyphic inscriptions that say netjer nefer men-kheper-re di ankh (the good god, Thuthmosis III given life). These Sphinxes appear to be looking at the Needle rather than guarding it. This is due to the Sphinx's improper or backwards installation. The Embankment has other Egyptian flourishes, such as buxom winged sphinxes on the armrests of benches. On 4 September 1917, during World War I, bombs from the first German air raid on London by German aeroplanes landed near the needle. In commemoration of this event, the damage remains unrepaired to this day and is clearly visible in the form of shrapnel holes and gouges on the right-hand sphinx. Restoration work was carried out in 2005. The Great Sphinx of Giza, with the Pyramid of Khafre in the background For other uses, see Sphinx (disambiguation). ... is the 247th day of the year (248th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... 1917 (MCMXVII) was a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar (see link for calendar) or a common year starting on Tuesday of the 13-day slower Julian calendar (see: 1917 Julian calendar). ... “The Great War ” redirects here. ... It has been suggested that Fragmentation (weaponry) be merged into this article or section. ...

Paris

The Paris Needle is in the Place de la Concorde. The center of the Place is occupied by the giant Egyptian obelisk decorated with hieroglyphics exalting the reign of the pharaoh Ramesses II. It once marked the entrance to the Luxor Temple. The viceroy of Egypt, Mehemet Ali, presented the 3,300-year-old Luxor Obelisk to France in 1826. King Louis-Philippe had it placed in the centre of Place de la Concorde in 1833 near the spot where Louis XVI and Marie Antoinette had been guillotined in 1793. Given the technical limitations of the day, transporting it was no easy feat — on the pedestal are drawn diagrams explaining the machineries that were used for the transportation. The red granite column rises 23 metres high, including the base, and weighs over 250 tonnes. Missing its original cap, believed stolen in the 6th century BC, in 1998 the government of France added a goldleafed pyramid cap to the top of the obelisk. The obelisk is flanked on both sides by two fountains constructed at the time of its erection on the Place. The Place de la Concorde seen from the Pont de la Concorde; in front, the Obelisk, behind, the Rue Royale and the Church of the Madeleine; on the left, the Hôtel de Crillon. ... Usermaatre-setepenre The Justice of Re is Powerful, Chosen of Re Nomen Ramesses (meryamun) Born of Re, (Beloved of Amun) Horus name Kanakht Merymaa Nebty name Mekkemetwafkhasut Golden Horus Userrenput-aanehktu Consort(s) Isetnofret, Nefertari Maathorneferure Issue Bintanath, Khaemweset, Merneptah, Amun-her-khepsef, Meritamen see also: List of children of... Luxor Temple, from the east bank of the Nile Luxor Temple is a large Ancient Egyptian temple complex located on the east bank of the River Nile in the city today known as Luxor (ancient Thebes). ... A viceroy is a royal official who governs a country or province in the name of and as representative of the monarch. ... See Mehemet Ali (Turkey) for the Turkish foreign minister and regent. ... Louis-Philippe of France (6 October 1773 – 26 August 1850) was King of the French from 1830 to 1848 in what was known as the July Monarchy. ... Louis XVI, born Louis-Auguste de France (23 August 1754 – 21 January 1793) ruled as King of France and Navarre from 1774 until 1791, and then as King of the French from 1791 to 1792. ... Marie-Antoinette, Queen of France and Archduchess of Austria (born November 1755 – executed 16 October 1793) Daughter of Maria Theresa of Austria, wife of Louis XVI and mother of Louis XVII. She was guillotined at the height of the French Revolution. ... (2nd millennium BC - 1st millennium BC - 1st millennium) The 6th century BC started on January 1, 600 BC and ended on December 31, 501 BC. // Monument 1, an Olmec colossal head at La Venta The 5th and 6th centuries BC were a time of empires, but more importantly, a time... Symbol of the French government The government of France is a semi-presidential system based on the French Constitution of the fifth Republic, in which the nation declares itself to be an indivisible, secular, democratic, and social Republic. The constitution provides for a separation of powers and proclaims Frances... Gold leaf is a thin foil of nearly pure gold often used in aesthetic applications. ... The worlds highest fountain: King Fahds Fountain in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia Three traditional fountain features: a low jet, a pair of raised basins, and sculpture with a water theme, here hippocamps (Villa Borghese, Rome) A traditional fountain is an arrangement where water issues from a source (Latin fons...

New York

Cleopatra's Needle, Central Park, New York

The New York needle is in Central Park ( 40°46′46.67″N, 73°57′55.44″W). It was after the opening of the Suez Canal in 1869 that Ismail Pasha, the Khedive of Egypt, first mentioned the gift of one of the Obelisks to the United States in the hope of cultivating trade relations, but it was formally given in a letter dated May 18, 1879 by his son Tewfik Pasha. And even then it wasn’t erected in Central Park until January 22, 1881. Railroad magnate William H. Vanderbilt financed the project and the formidable task of moving the Obelisk from Alexandria to New York was given to Henry Honychurch Gorringe, a lieutenant commander of the U.S. Navy. The move took a decade to complete. According to Central Park’s website the 244 ton granite needle was first shifted from vertical to horizontal, then put into the hold of the decommissioned steamship Dessoug, across the Mediterranean Sea, then over the storm-tossed Atlantic Ocean without stop. The obelisk's base rode on the deck at the stern. It took four months just to bring it from the banks of the Hudson River to Staten Island, finally arriving on 20 July 1880. The final leg of the journey was made across a specially built trestle bridge from Fifth Avenue to its new home on Greywacke Knoll, just across the drive from the then recently built Metropolitan Museum of Art. At its base are four 900-pound, 19th-century bronze replicas of crabs, which were first placed there by the Romans and are on display in the Met. Image File history File linksMetadata Download high-resolution version (1093x1638, 451 KB) Obelisk (Cleopatras Needle) in Central Park, New York, NY November 2006 I, the creator of this work, hereby grant the permission to copy, distribute and/or modify this document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation... Image File history File linksMetadata Download high-resolution version (1093x1638, 451 KB) Obelisk (Cleopatras Needle) in Central Park, New York, NY November 2006 I, the creator of this work, hereby grant the permission to copy, distribute and/or modify this document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation... Midtown Manhattan, looking north from the Empire State Building, 2005 New York City (officially named the City of New York) is the most populous city in the state of New York and the entire United States. ... Central Park is a large public, urban park (843 acres or 3. ... Suez Canal, seen from Earth orbit, NASA. Ships moored at El Ballah during transit The Suez Canal (Arabic: , transliteration: ), is a large artificial canal in Egypt west of the Sinai Peninsula. ... Ismail Pasha, known as Ismail the Magnificent (December 31, 1830–March 2, 1895) was khedive of Egypt from 1863 until he was removed at the behest of the British in 1879. ... May 18 is the 138th day of the year (139th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... 1879 (MDCCCLXXIX) was a common year starting on Wednesday (see link for calendar). ... January 22 is the 22nd day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1881 (MDCCCLXXXI) was a common year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar). ... William Henry Vanderbilt (May 8, 1821 – December 8, 1885) was a businessman and a member of the prominent United States Vanderbilt family. ... Henry Honychurch Gorringe (1841-1885) was a United States naval officer who attained national acclaim for successfully completing the removal of Cleopatras needle from Alexandria, Egypt to Central Park, New York City. ... is the 201st day of the year (202nd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1880 (MDCCCLXXX) was a leap year starting on Thursday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar (or a leap year starting on Tuesday of the 12-day slower Julian calendar). ... Metropolitan Museum of Art New York Elevation The Metropolitan Museum of Art, often referred to simply as The Met, is one of the worlds largest and most important art museums. ...

The inscriptions

New York

Three sides of the New York needle's inscriptions are well-preserved due to the long burial of the needle, although one side, exposed to the New York prevailing winds, has been almost totally weathered away. They are translated as follows:

Face 1:

The Horus, Strong-Bull-Beloved-of-Ra,

the King of Upper and Lower Egypt, User-maat-ra, Chosen-of-Ra,

Ra, created by the gods, who founded the Two

Lands, the Son of Ra,

Ramesses, Beloved-of-

Amun,

............

............

............

there is no-one who did what he did, in the house of his father,

the Lord of the Two Lands, User-maat-ra,

Chosen of Ra, the Son of Ra,

Ramesses, Beloved of Amun, granted life like Ra,

The Horus, Strong-Bull-Appearing-in-Thebes,

the King of Upper and Lower Egypt,

Men-kheper-ra, who embellishes the house of him who created him,

............

............

............

............

............

............

............

(the Son of Ra, Thutmose), beloved of (Atum),

lord (of Heliopolis), May he live for ever.

The Horus, Strong-Bull-Son-of-Ra,

the King of Upper and Lower Egypt, User-maat-ra.Chosen-of-Ra,

the Golden Horus,

Mighty-in-years-and-great-of-victories, the Son of Ra, Ramesses,

Beloved-of-Amun,

............

............

............

............

............

............

the Lord of the Two Lands, User-maat-ra,

Chosen-of Ra,

the Son of-Ra,

Ramesses, Beloved-of-Amun.

Face 2:

The Horus, Strong-Bull-Son-of-Khepri,

the King of Upper and Lower Egypt, User-maat-ra, Chosen-of-Ra, the-Golden Horus,

Mighty-in years-and-great-of-victories, the Son of Ra,

Ramesses, Beloved-of-Amun, who came forth from the womb in order to receive

the crowns of Ra, who created him to be sole lord the Lord of the Two Lands,

User-maat-ra Chosen-of-Ra, the Son of Ra.

Ramesses, Beloved-of-Amun, one serviceable to Ra and granted life like Ra.

The Horus, Strong-Bull-Appearing-in Thebes,

he of the Two La Goddesses,

Enduring-of-kingship-like-Ra-in-heaven, Bodily son of Atum, whom the Mistress of

Heliopolis bore to him, Thutmose,

whom they created in the temple in the beauty of their members, knowing that

he would exercise enduring kingship throughout eternity,

the King of Upper and Lower Egypt, Men-kheper-ra, beloved of Atum, the great god,

together with his Enneat,

granted all life, stability, and dominion like Ra for ever.

The Horus, Strong-Bull-Beloved-of-Ra,

the King of Upper and Lower Egypt, User-maat-ra, Chosen-of-Ra,

Ra, created by the gods, who founded the Two Lands, the Son of Ra, Ramesses, Beloved-of-Amun,

the noble youth, beloved like Aten when the shines on the horizeon,

the Lord of the Two Lands, User-maat-Ra,

Chosen-of-Ra, the Son of Ra,

Ramesses, Beloved-of-Amun, one serviceable to Ra and granted life like Ra.

Face 3:

The Horus, Strong-Bull-Son-of-Khepri,

the King of Upper and Lower Egypt, User-maat-ra, Chosen-of-Ra, the-Golden Horus,

Mighty-in years-and-great-of-victories, the Son of Ra,

Ramesses, Beloved-of-Amun, who came forth from the womb in order to receive

the crowns of Ra, who created him to be sole lord the Lord of the Two Lands,

User-maat-ra Chosen-of-Ra, the Son of Ra.

Ramesses, Beloved-of-Amun, one serviceable to Ra and granted life like Ra.

The Horus, Strong-Bull-Appearing-in Thebes,

he of the Two La Goddesses,

Enduring-of-kingship-like-Ra-in-heaven, Bodily son of Atum, whom the Mistress of

Heliopolis bore to him, Thutmose,

whom they created in the temple in the beauty of their members, knowing that

he would exercise enduring kingship throughout eternity,

the King of Upper and Lower Egypt, Men-kheper-ra, beloved of Atum, the great god,

together with his Enneat,

granted all life, stability, and dominion like Ra for ever.

The Horus, Strong-Bull-Beloved-of-Ra,

the King of Upper and Lower Egypt, User-maat-ra, Chosen-of-Ra,

Ra, created by the gods, who founded the Two Lands, the Son of Ra, Ramesses, Beloved-of-Amun,

the noble youth, beloved like Aten when the shines on the horizon,

the Lord of the Two Lands, User-maat-Ra,

Chosen-of-Ra, the Son of Ra,

Ramesses, Beloved-of-Amun, one serviceable to Ra and granted life like Ra.

Face 4:

The Horus, Strong-Bull-Son-of-Khepri,

the King of Upper and Lower Egypt, User-maat-ra, Chosen-of-Ra, the-Golden Horus,

Mighty-in years-and-great-of-victories, the Son of Ra,

Ramesses, Beloved-of-Amun, who came forth from the womb

in order to receive the crowns of Ra,

who created him to be sole lord the Lord of the Two Lands,

User-maat-ra Chosen-of-Ra, the Son of Ra.

Ramesses, Beloved-of-Amun, one serviceable to Ra and granted life like Ra.

The Horus, Strong-Bull-Appearing-in Thebes,

he of the Two La Goddesses,

Enduring-of-kingship-like-Ra-in-heaven, Bodily son of Atum, whom the Mistress of

Heliopolis bore to him, Thutmose,

whom they created in the temple in the beauty of their members, knowing that

he would exercise enduring kingship throughout eternity,

the King of Upper and Lower Egypt, Men-kheper-ra, beloved of Atum,

the great god, together with his Enneat,

granted all life, stability, and dominion like Ra for ever.

The Horus, Strong-Bull-Beloved-of-Ra,

the King of Upper and Lower Egypt, User-maat-ra, Chosen-of-Ra,

Ra, created by the gods, who founded the Two Lands, the Son of Ra,

Ramesses, Beloved-of-Amun,

the noble youth, beloved like Aten when the shines on the horizeon,

the Lord of the Two Lands, User-maat-Ra,

Chosen-of-Ra, the Son of Ra,

Ramesses, Beloved-of-Amun, one serviceable to Ra and granted life like Ra.