NationMaster - Encyclopedia: Cliff Burton

Clifford Lee Burton (February 10, 1962 – September 27, 1986) was a bass guitarist best known for his work with the American heavy metal band Metallica from 1982 until 1986. As a bassist he was known for his unique style, which made heavy use of distortion and effects (several of which are usually associated with non-bass guitars), best exemplified on his signature piece, "(Anesthesia) Pulling Teeth". Image File history File links Size of this preview: 446 Ã— 599 pixelsFull resolution (495 Ã— 665 pixel, file size: 41 KB, MIME type: image/jpeg) {{cc-by-2. ... Metallica is a Grammy Award-winning American heavy metal/thrash metal band formed in 1981[1] and has become one of the most commercially successful musical acts of recent decades. ... is the 41st day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1962 (MCMLXII) was a common year starting on Monday (the link is to a full 1962 calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... Castro Valley is a census-designated place (CDP) in Alameda County, California, United States. ... This article is about the U.S state. ... For other uses of terms redirecting here, see US (disambiguation), USA (disambiguation), and United States (disambiguation) Motto In God We Trust(since 1956) (From Many, One; Latin, traditional) Anthem The Star-Spangled Banner Capital Washington, D.C. Largest city New York City National language English (de facto)1 Demonym American... is the 270th day of the year (271st in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1986 (MCMLXXXVI) was a common year starting on Wednesday (link displays 1986 Gregorian calendar). ... Ljungby Municipality is a Municipality in Kronoberg County, in southern Sweden where the town Ljungby (pop. ... This article does not cite any references or sources. ... Thrash metal is a subgenre of heavy metal music, one of the extreme metal subgenres that is characterised by high speed riffing and aggression. ... Speed metal is a sub-genre of heavy metal that spawned in the early 1980s and was the direct musical progenitor of thrash metal[1] [2]. When Speed metal first emerged as a genre, it innovatively increased the tempo of the music template set forth by Black Sabbath, Led Zeppelin... Heavy metal redirects here. ... For the popular-music magazine, see Musician (magazine). ... A songwriter is someone who writes the lyrics to songs, the musical composition (chords) or melody to songs, or both. ... A musical instrument is a device constructed or modified for the purpose of making music. ... A sunburst-colored Fender Precision Bass The electric bass guitar (or electric bass[1][2]; pronounced , as in base) is a bass stringed instrument played primarily with the fingers (either by plucking, slapping, popping, or tapping) or using a pick. ... In the music industry, a record label can be a brand and a trademark associated with the marketing of music recordings and music videos. ... Megaforce Records has been the record label for several bands in the heavy metal and/or thrash genres and also rock genres, including Metallica, Testament (band), Anthrax, S.O.D., Warren Haynes, The Disco Biscuits, and have recently signed with Ministry, Bad Brains, Rose Hill Drive, and Mushroomhead, among others. ... Elektra Records is an American record label owned by Warner Music Group, and today operates under Atlantic Records Group. ... There are very few or no other articles that link to this one. ... Metallica is a Grammy Award-winning American heavy metal/thrash metal band formed in 1981[1] and has become one of the most commercially successful musical acts of recent decades. ... Rickenbacker 330JG Rickenbacker International Corporation, also known as Rickenbacker (pronounced ) [1]), is an electric guitar manufacturer, notable for having invented the first electric guitar during the 1930s. ... Aria is a manufacturer of accoustic and electric guitars and basses. ... is the 41st day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1962 (MCMLXII) was a common year starting on Monday (the link is to a full 1962 calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 270th day of the year (271st in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1986 (MCMLXXXVI) was a common year starting on Wednesday (link displays 1986 Gregorian calendar). ... A sunburst-colored Fender Precision Bass The electric bass guitar (or electric bass[1][2]; pronounced , as in base) is a bass stringed instrument played primarily with the fingers (either by plucking, slapping, popping, or tapping) or using a pick. ... Heavy metal redirects here. ... Metallica is a Grammy Award-winning American heavy metal/thrash metal band formed in 1981[1] and has become one of the most commercially successful musical acts of recent decades. ... In the world of guitar music and guitar amplification, distortion is actively sought, evaluated, and appreciatively discussed in its endless flavors. ... Effects pedals are electronic devices used by musicians, primarily electric guitar players, to alter the sound quality or timbre of electric or electronic instruments, and less often vocals picked up through microphones. ... (Anesthesia) Pulling Teeth is the fifth track (an instrumental) on Metallicas 1983 album Kill Em All. ...

Burton's early influence was essential in creating the unique musical style for which Metallica became famous. Burton joined the band in 1982 and performed on their debut album, Kill 'Em All, which was composed of songs that had been written prior to his arrival. Burton's influence was heavier on the follow-up, Ride the Lightning, which showcased the band's evolving compositional technique. Burton's final album with Metallica, Master of Puppets, was a big commercial and huge critical success. Burton died in 1986 when the band's tour bus overturned in Sweden while the band was on tour promoting Master of Puppets. Kill Em All is American thrash metal band Metallicas debut album, released on July 25, 1983 on Megaforce Records. ... For the album by Marshmallow Coast, see Ride the Lightning (Marshmallow Coast album). ... For the title track of the album, see Master of Puppets (song). ...

Biography

Early years

Burton was born on February 10, 1962, in Castro Valley, California, to Jan and Ray Burton. He had two elder siblings, Scott and Connie. He was raised in the San Francisco Bay area by his parents. Burton's interest in music began when his father introduced him to classical music and he began taking piano lessons. is the 41st day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1962 (MCMLXII) was a common year starting on Monday (the link is to a full 1962 calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... Castro Valley is a census-designated place (CDP) in Alameda County, California, United States. ... This article is about the U.S state. ... San Francisco Bay, San Pablo Bay, and the Golden Gate San Francisco Bay is a shallow, productive estuary through which water draining approximately forty percent of California, flowing in the Sacramento and San Joaquin rivers from the Sierra Nevada mountains, enters the Pacific Ocean. ... This article is about Western art music from 1000 AD to the present. ... Pianoforte redirects here. ...

In his teenage years, Burton's interest in music switched from classical to jazz and eventually heavy metal. He began playing the bass at age 13, after the death of his brother. He was taught by Steve Doherty, who resides in the ABC music studio. His parents quoted him as saying, "I'm going to be the best bassist for my brother."^[1] He practiced up to six hours per day.^[2] His early influences varied from classical music to southern rock to country, blues and jazz.^[2] For other uses, see Jazz (disambiguation). ... Heavy metal redirects here. ... A sunburst-colored Fender Precision Bass The electric bass guitar (or electric bass[1][2]; pronounced , as in base) is a bass stringed instrument played primarily with the fingers (either by plucking, slapping, popping, or tapping) or using a pick. ... This article is about Western art music from 1000 AD to the present. ... Southern rock is a subgenre of rock music. ... Country music is a blend of popular musical forms originally found in the Southern United States and the Appalachian Mountains. ... Blues music redirects here. ... For other uses, see Jazz (disambiguation). ...

Upon graduating from Castro Valley High School in 1980, Burton studied music at Chabot Junior College in northern California. One of his fellow schoolmates was "Big" Jim Martin, former guitarist of Faith No More, with whom Burton played alongside in one of his first bands, Agents of Misfortune. Agents of Misfortune entered a "Battle of the Bands" contest that was recorded on video and features some of the earliest footage of Burton's trademark playing style. The video also shows Burton playing some parts of what would soon be two Metallica songs: his signature bass solo, "(Anesthesia) Pulling Teeth," and the chromatic intro to "For Whom the Bell Tolls".^[2] Burton joined his first major band, Trauma, in 1982. Castro Valley High School is a public high school in Castro Valley, California, U.S. The current student enrollment is approximately 2,900 students. ... Steve Chabot (born 1953), member of the U.S. House of Representatives Roger Chabot, Canadian military painter FranÃ§ois Chabot (1757 - 1794), French revolutionist Category: ... Big Jim Martin (born James Martin, on 21 July 1961, in Hayward, California) played lead guitar in Faith No More from 1983 to 1993 and lead guitar with Anand Bhatt in the 2000s. ... FNM redirects here. ... (Anesthesia) Pulling Teeth is the fifth track (an instrumental) on Metallicas 1983 album Kill Em All. ... For Whom the Bell Tolls is a song by Metallica, the third track from their second album Ride the Lightning. ...

Metallica

In 1982, Trauma traveled to Los Angeles to perform at the Whisky a Go Go.^[2] Among those in attendance were James Hetfield and Lars Ulrich, both members of Metallica, which had formed the previous year. After hearing "this amazing shredding," (which happened to be "(Anesthesia) Pulling Teeth"), they knew they had to find this guy who they both thought was a guitarist. When they finally stumbled upon him up on stage with his band, they knew they had to get him to be in Metallica. They asked him to replace departed bassist Ron McGovney, and since Burton thought that Trauma was "starting to get a little commercial,"^[3] he agreed. The idea of having to move to Los Angeles did not sit well with him, and said he would join only if the band would relocate from Los Angeles to his native San Francisco Bay Area.^[2] Metallica, eager to have Cliff in the band left their origin of Los Angeles to make a home in San Francisco, California.^[2] Los Angeles and L.A. redirect here. ... The Whisky A Go-Go is a nightclub in West Hollywood, California, at 8901 Sunset Boulevard on the Sunset Strip. ... James Alan Hetfield (born 3 August 1963, Downey, California[1]) is the main songwriter (with drummer Lars Ulrich and sometimes guitarist Kirk Hammett), co-founder, vocalist and rhythm guitarist of the American thrash/heavy metal band Metallica. ... Lars Ulrich (born December 26, 1963) is the drummer, main songwriter (with James Hetfield) and co-founder of Metallica. ... Metallica is a Grammy Award-winning American heavy metal/thrash metal band formed in 1981[1] and has become one of the most commercially successful musical acts of recent decades. ... (Anesthesia) Pulling Teeth is the fifth track (an instrumental) on Metallicas 1983 album Kill Em All. ...

Burton's first recording with Metallica was the Megaforce Demo. A demo tape the band had made prior to Burton's joining, No Life 'Til Leather, managed to come into the hands of John Zazula, owner of Megaforce Records.^[4] The band relocated to Old Bridge, New Jersey - and quickly secured a record deal with Zazula's label.^[4] Their first album, Kill 'Em All, features Burton's famous solo piece, "(Anesthesia) Pulling Teeth," which showcased his use of effects, such as a wah pedal (until then the wah pedal had been the near-exclusive domain of six-string guitarists).^[2] Metallica recorded several demos throughout their career, some of which were very notable and now are much sought after as collectibles. ... No Life Til Leather is Metallicas widely circulated demo tape featuring Dave Mustaine on vocals. ... Megaforce Records has been the record label for several bands in the heavy metal and/or thrash genres and also rock genres, including Metallica, Testament (band), Anthrax, S.O.D., Warren Haynes, The Disco Biscuits, and have recently signed with Ministry, Bad Brains, Rose Hill Drive, and Mushroomhead, among others. ... Old Bridge Township highlighted in Middlesex County Old Bridge Township is a Township in Middlesex County, New Jersey, United States. ... This article is about the U.S. state. ... Kill Em All is American thrash metal band Metallicas debut album, released on July 25, 1983 on Megaforce Records. ... (Anesthesia) Pulling Teeth is the fifth track (an instrumental) on Metallicas 1983 album Kill Em All. ... Wah-wah is an imitative word for the sound of bending or altering musical notes to improve expressiveness, sounding much like a human voice saying the syllable wah for each note. ...

The band's second album, Ride the Lightning, showcased the band's increasing musical growth.^[5] Burton's songwriting abilities were growing, and he received credit on six of the album's eight songs.^[5] Burton's playing style and use of effects is showcased on two tracks: the chromatic intro to "For Whom the Bell Tolls," and the "lead bass" on "The Call of Ktulu" (which was unfortunately downmixed a great deal, rendering it difficult to hear without some equalizer adjustments). For the album by Marshmallow Coast, see Ride the Lightning (Marshmallow Coast album). ... For Whom the Bell Tolls is a song by Metallica, the third track from their second album Ride the Lightning. ... This article is about the song by Metallica. ...

The increase of musicianship on Ride the Lightning caught the attention of major record labels.^[4] Metallica was signed to Elektra, and began working on their third album, Master of Puppets, which is considered by most critics to be a landmark album in both thrash and the whole of metal.^[6] Burton is featured heavily on several tracks, most notably the instrumental "Orion," which again featured Burton's lead bass playing style, and was also entirely composed by Burton. The album also contained Burton's favorite Metallica song, "Master of Puppets."^[3] Master of Puppets was the band's commercial breakthrough,^[7] but it would be Burton's final album with Metallica. Elektra Records is an American record label owned by Warner Music Group, and today operates under Atlantic Records Group. ... For the title track of the album, see Master of Puppets (song). ... Orion is the seventh track from Metallicas 1986 album Master of Puppets. ... Music sample Master of Puppets Problems? See media help. ...

Burton's final performance was in Stockholm, Sweden on September 26, 1986.^[8] One of Burton's final performances with the band is available for free to download from Metallica's website.^[9] For other uses, see Stockholm (disambiguation). ... is the 269th day of the year (270th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1986 (MCMLXXXVI) was a common year starting on Wednesday (link displays 1986 Gregorian calendar). ...

Death

During the European leg of the Damage Inc. tour in support of Master of Puppets, the band had complained that the sleeping cubicles on their tour bus were unsatisfactory and uncomfortable. As a minor solution the members drew cards for the most comfortable bunk.^[10] On the evening of September 27, 1986, Burton had won the game with an Ace of Spades. The card game was the last conversation Burton was to have with anyone. He was asleep when, according to the driver, the band's tour bus ran over a patch of black ice, skidded off of the road, and flipped onto the grass in Ljungby Municipality, near Dörarp in rural southern Sweden.^[11] Burton was thrown through the window of the bus, which fell on top of him and killed him.^[11] A winch that was lifting the bus off him snapped, causing the bus to crush him a second time. James Hetfield later stated that he first believed the bus flipped because the driver was drunk, or at least negligent, and had walked long distances down the road demanding this "black ice" be shown to him. However, drunk driving was never proven, and the driver was determined not to be at fault for the accident.^[12] Image File history File links Size of this preview: 532 Ã— 599 pixelsFull resolution (1280 Ã— 1441 pixels, file size: 1. ... Image File history File links Size of this preview: 532 Ã— 599 pixelsFull resolution (1280 Ã— 1441 pixels, file size: 1. ... For the title track of the album, see Master of Puppets (song). ... is the 270th day of the year (271st in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1986 (MCMLXXXVI) was a common year starting on Wednesday (link displays 1986 Gregorian calendar). ... An Ace of Spades playing card. ... This article or section does not cite its references or sources. ... Ljungby Municipality is a Municipality in Kronoberg County, in southern Sweden where the town Ljungby (pop. ...

Burton's body was cremated, and his ashes were scattered on the Maxwell Ranch.^[10] At the ceremony, the instrumental "Orion" from the album Master of Puppets was played. Burton hadn't played the song live, and Metallica did not perform it until June 3, 2006 at Rock Am Ring Festival, Nurburgring, DEU (when they performed the album in its entirety to mark the 20th anniversary of its release). Until then, only sections of the song had been used as part of their performance. During the 1990s, Burton's successor, Jason Newsted, would often use the bass line as part of a medley. Jason Newsted is an American bass guitarist, currently a member of Voivod and Rock Star Supernova. ...

Influence

Cliff cited bass players like Geezer Butler, Phil Lynott, Geddy Lee, Lemmy, and Stanley Clarke as influences.^[3] He has also cited guitar players such as Ritchie Blackmore, Ulrich Roth, Jimi Hendrix, and Tony Iommi as influences.^[3] This article does not cite any references or sources. ... Philip Parris Lynott (20 August 1949 â€“ 4 January 1986) was a singer, instrumentalist, and songwriter, who first came to prominence as the frontman of Thin Lizzy. ... Geddy Lee OC is a Canadian musician best known as the lead vocalist, bassist, and keyboardist for the Canadian rock group Rush. ... Lemmy (born Ian Fraser Kilmister on December 24, 1945, also known as Ian Willis, Lemmy Kilmister, and Lemmy von MotÃ¶rhead), is an English singer and bass guitarist, most famous for being the founding member of the heavy metal band MotÃ¶rhead. ... Stanley Clarke (born 30 June 1951) is an American musician and composer known for his innovative and influential work on double bass and bass guitar as well as his numerous film and television scores. ... Richard Hugh Blackmore, (born 14 April 1945) is an English guitarist. ... Ulrich Roth (born December 18, 1954 in DÃ¼sseldorf, Germany), also known as Uli Jon Roth, is an electric guitarist and the earliest contributor (before popularization by Yngwie Malmsteen) to the neo-classical metal genre. ... Jimi Hendrix (November 27, 1942 â€“ September 18, 1970) was an American guitar virtuoso, singer and songwriter. ... Frank Anthony Tony Iommi (born February 19, 1948, in Aston, Birmingham, England) is a guitarist best known for his tenure in the heavy metal band Black Sabbath. ...

James Hetfield has admitted that Burton's influence was highly responsible for much of Metallica's early music and image. A classically trained pianist, Burton used his large knowledge of theory to add to the band's sound, both through his bass work and teaching Hetfield how to theorize and harmonize.^[13] Hetfield said that: "without Cliff, we wouldn't be where we are today."^[13] James Alan Hetfield (born 3 August 1963, Downey, California[1]) is the main songwriter (with drummer Lars Ulrich and sometimes guitarist Kirk Hammett), co-founder, vocalist and rhythm guitarist of the American thrash/heavy metal band Metallica. ... Metallica is a Grammy Award-winning American heavy metal/thrash metal band formed in 1981[1] and has become one of the most commercially successful musical acts of recent decades. ... A pianist is a person who plays the piano. ... Music theory is a field of study that investigates the nature or mechanics of music. ...

Burton's interest in the works of horror writer H. P. Lovecraft resulted in two Metallica songs, "The Call of Ktulu" and "The Thing That Should Not Be." The band has also noted that their love of The Misfits, Samhain, and all things involving Glenn Danzig came directly from Burton. This influence has persisted ever since, and when Metallica toured the USA in the summer of 1994, Danzig was one of the opening bands.^[14] On a few occasions, he came out on stage with Metallica, providing vocals when they performed Misfits' songs.^[15] â€œHorror storyâ€ redirects here. ... This article is about the author. ... This article is about the song by Metallica. ... The Thing That Should Not Be is the third song from Metallicas 1986 album Master of Puppets. ... This article is about the band. ... This article is about the horror punk band. ... Glenn Danzig is an American singer, songwriter and musician who is largely considered to be the founding father of the Horror punk genre of music. ... Danzig is an American heavy metal band that fuses dark lyrics and imagery with blues-rock influences. ...

Tributes

After Burton's death, Metallica released the tribute documentary Cliff 'em All, a video retrospective of Burton's time in the band. It is a collection of live performance footage shot by fans, some professional filming and TV shots that were never used, and some personal photos. Metallica's first album of original material after Burton's death, ...And Justice for All, contained Burton's last writing credit, the mostly instrumental track "To Live Is to Die". Metallica sometimes plays the middle part of "To Live Is To Die" at a slower tempo as a tribute for Cliff Burton.^[16] Burton wrote the single stanza of lyrics for the song, which Hetfield ended up reciting: Cliff em All (cover) Produced by: Curt Marvis, Jeff Richter Directed by: Jea Pellerin, Doug Freel Recorded at: various concerts between 1983 and 1986 (see below) Cliff em All was released as a tribute to Metallicas late bassist Cliff Burton. ... ...And Justice for All is American heavy metal band Metallicas fourth studio album released August 25, 1988, by Elektra Records. ...

"Cannot The Kingdom of Salvation take me home" is written on Cliff Burton's memorial stone.

The most well known non-Metallica tribute to Burton is the song "In My Darkest Hour" by Megadeth.^[17] According to Mustaine, after hearing of Burton's death, he sat down and wrote the music for the song in one sitting. The lyrics, however, are unrelated to Burton's death. The band's frontman Dave Mustaine was Metallica's lead guitarist in the early days and knew Burton quite well, and maintained good relations after Mustaine parted with the band in 1983. Mustaine was quoted as saying the song was inspired by Burton's passing.^[18] He claimed that neither Hetfield nor Ulrich had informed him of Burton's death and he only found out when Metallica's manager called him.^[18] In My Darkest Hour is a song on Megadeths third album, So Far, So Good. ... Megadeth is an American thrash metal band led by founder, frontman, guitarist, and songwriter Dave Mustaine. ... Dave Mustaine (born September 13, 1961 in La Mesa, California, USA) is the lead/rhythm guitarist, songwriter, and singer for the thrash metal band Megadeth. ...

On October 3, 2006 a memorial stone was unveiled in Sweden near the scene of the fatal crash. is the 276th day of the year (277th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2006 (MMVI) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ...

Thrash metal band Anthrax dedicated their Among the Living album to him, as did Metal Church with The Dark. Thrash metal is a subgenre of heavy metal music, one of the extreme metal subgenres that is characterised by high speed riffing and aggression. ... This article is about the album by Anthrax. ... Metal Church is an American thrash metal band from Aberdeen, Washington. ... {{Album infobox| Name = The Dark| Type = Album| Artist= Metal Church| Cover = thedark. ...

Discography

8 2 - 9 1 2 39 - - References and footnotes This is the discography for the American heavy metal band Metallica. ... No Life Til Leather is Metallicas widely circulated demo tape featuring Dave Mustaine on vocals. ... is the 191st day of the year (192nd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1982 (MCMLXXXII) was a common year starting on Friday (link displays the 1982 Gregorian calendar). ... Megaforce is an early demo recording by thrash metal band Metallica. ... is the 10th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... For the Jimi Hendrix song, see 1983. ... Kill Em All is American thrash metal band Metallicas debut album, released on July 25, 1983 on Megaforce Records. ... is the 206th day of the year (207th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... For the Jimi Hendrix song, see 1983. ... For the album by Marshmallow Coast, see Ride the Lightning (Marshmallow Coast album). ... is the 211th day of the year (212th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... This article is about the year. ... For the title track of the album, see Master of Puppets (song). ... March 26 is the 85th day of the year (86th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1986 (MCMLXXXVI) was a common year starting on Wednesday (link displays 1986 Gregorian calendar). ...

Equipment

Bass guitars

Rickenbacker 330JG Rickenbacker International Corporation, also known as Rickenbacker (pronounced ) [1]), is an electric guitar manufacturer, notable for having invented the first electric guitar during the 1930s. ... Aria is a manufacturer of accoustic and electric guitars and basses. ... Aria is a manufacturer of accoustic and electric guitars and basses. ... Alembic Dragons Breath Custom Bass Guitar Alembic was founded in 1969 and is a manufacturer of high-end electric basses, guitars and preamps. ...

Amps

The Mesa Boogie Logo Mesa/Boogie (also known as Mesa Engineering) is a company in Petaluma, California that makes amplifiers for guitars and basses. ... The Mesa Boogie Logo Mesa/Boogie (also known as Mesa Engineering) is a company in Petaluma, California that makes amplifiers for guitars and basses. ... The Mesa Boogie Logo Mesa/Boogie (also known as Mesa Engineering) is a company in Petaluma, California that makes amplifiers for guitars and basses. ... Ampeg is an instrument amplifier manufacturer. ...

Effects

Morley Pedals is a guitar effects pedal company famous for manufacturing their own brand of wah-wah effects pedal. ... The Electro-Harmonix logo Electro-Harmonix is a company that makes electronic sound processors based in New York. ... NYC re-issue & a Russian Sovtek version The Big Muff is a famous distortion box produced in New York City by the Electro-Harmonix company, along with their Russian sister company Sovtek, primarily for use with the electric guitar. ...

Notes

^ O., Harald. Interview link. Allmetallica.com. Retrieved on 2007-12-09.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g Ellefson, David (February, 2005). The King of Metal Bass. Bass Player Magazine. Retrieved on 04-26, 2007.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e Cliff Burton R.I.P. Interview. Metallicaworld.com. Retrieved on 2007-04-26.
^ ^a ^b ^c Metallica History Part 1. Metallica. Retrieved on 2007-04-26.
^ ^a ^b Ride the Lightning. All Music Guide. Retrieved on 2007-04-26.
^ 1001 Albums You Must Hear Before You Die, p.548.
^ Metallica > Charts & Awards > Billboard Albums. Retrieved 2007-26-04
^ metal-george's Cliff Burton Page. Retrieved 2007-26-04
^ LiveMetallica.com > Vault. Retrieved 2007-31-08
^ ^a ^b Cliff in Our Minds Biography. Cliff In Our Minds. Retrieved on 2007-12-09.
^ ^a ^b Metallica History Part 2. Metallica. Retrieved on 2006-12-23.
^ (22). Behind the Music: Metallica [Television production]. Retrieved on 2007-12-09.
^ ^a ^b James Hetfield Talks On Cliff Burton's Influence. Retrieved on 12-09, 2007.
^ Danzig Tour Dates. Retrieved on 2007-05-01.
^ All Metallica - Info - Side Projects - The Band. Retrieved on 2007-05-01.
^ allmusic: To Live Is to Die. All Music Guide. Retrieved on 2007-12-09.
^ Megadeth lyrics. Retrieved on 2007-12-09.
^ ^a ^b Directed by William Harper, Paulina Williams. (2001). Behind the Music: Megadeth [Television production]. VH1.

id="External_links"> Year 2007 (MMVII) was a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. ... is the 343rd day of the year (344th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) was a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. ... is the 116th day of the year (117th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) was a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. ... is the 116th day of the year (117th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... The All Music Guide (AMG) is a metadata database about music, owned by All Media Guide. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) was a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. ... is the 116th day of the year (117th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) was a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. ... is the 116th day of the year (117th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) was a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. ... is the 116th day of the year (117th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) was a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. ... is the 243rd day of the year (244th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) was a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. ... is the 343rd day of the year (344th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2006 (MMVI) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 357th day of the year (358th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Gaius Sulpicius Galba becomes consul. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) was a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. ... is the 343rd day of the year (344th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) was a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. ... is the 121st day of the year (122nd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) was a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. ... is the 121st day of the year (122nd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... The All Music Guide (AMG) is a metadata database about music, owned by All Media Guide. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) was a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. ... is the 343rd day of the year (344th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) was a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. ... is the 343rd day of the year (344th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... VH1 (VH-1: Video Hits One until 1994 and VH1: Music First until 2003) is an American digital television channel that was created in January 1985 by Warner-Amex Satellite Entertainment, at the time a division of Warner Communications and owners of MTV. VH1 and sister channel MTV are currently...

External links

Ron McGovney (born November 2, 1963 [1]) was Metallicas first bass player when they formed in the early 1980s. ... Metallica is a Grammy Award-winning American heavy metal/thrash metal band formed in 1981[1] and has become one of the most commercially successful musical acts of recent decades. ... Deon Rexroat of Anberlin. ... Metallica is a Grammy Award-winning American heavy metal/thrash metal band formed in 1981[1] and has become one of the most commercially successful musical acts of recent decades. ... Metallica is a Grammy Award-winning American heavy metal/thrash metal band formed in 1981[1] and has become one of the most commercially successful musical acts of recent decades. ... Jason Newsted is an American bass guitarist, currently a member of Voivod and Rock Star Supernova. ... Metallica is a Grammy Award-winning American heavy metal/thrash metal band formed in 1981[1] and has become one of the most commercially successful musical acts of recent decades. ... James Alan Hetfield (born 3 August 1963, Downey, California[1]) is the main songwriter (with drummer Lars Ulrich and sometimes guitarist Kirk Hammett), co-founder, vocalist and rhythm guitarist of the American thrash/heavy metal band Metallica. ... Lars Ulrich (born December 26, 1963) is the drummer, main songwriter (with James Hetfield) and co-founder of Metallica. ... Kirk Lee Hammett (born on November 18, 1962) is the lead guitarist and songwriter in the band Metallica and has been a member of the band since 1983. ... Roberto Trujillo [Pronounced Troo-Hee-Yoh] (born on October 24, 1962[1]) is a bassist who played in Suicidal Tendencies, Infectious Grooves, Black Label Society and Ozzy Osbournes band before joining Metallica in 2003. ... Ron McGovney (born November 2, 1963 [1]) was Metallicas first bass player when they formed in the early 1980s. ... Dave Mustaine (born September 13, 1961 in La Mesa, California, USA) is the lead/rhythm guitarist, songwriter, and singer for the thrash metal band Megadeth. ... Jason Newsted is an American bass guitarist, currently a member of Voivod and Rock Star Supernova. ... Kill Em All is American thrash metal band Metallicas debut album, released on July 25, 1983 on Megaforce Records. ... For the album by Marshmallow Coast, see Ride the Lightning (Marshmallow Coast album). ... For the title track of the album, see Master of Puppets (song). ... ...And Justice for All is American heavy metal band Metallicas fourth studio album released August 25, 1988, by Elektra Records. ... Metallica (also known as The Black Album) is the 1991 self-titled 5th studio album by the American heavy metal band Metallica. ... Load is the sixth album by American heavy metal band Metallica, released in June 1996. ... ReLoad is the seventh album by American heavy metal band Metallica, released in 1997. ... St. ... Live Shit: Binge & Purge (1993) is Metallicas live album containing 3 CDs and 2 VHS tapes (new version: 2 DVDs) from concerts in Mexico City, Seattle and San Diego. ... S&M is a live album by the American heavy metal band Metallica, recorded live with the San Francisco Symphony on April 21-22 of 1999. ... Some Kind of Monster is an EP by American heavy metal band Metallica, released in 2004. ... Ron McGovneys 82 Garage Demo is an early demo recording by thrash metal band Metallica. ... Power Metal is an early demo recording by thrash metal band Metallica. ... No Life Til Leather is Metallicas widely circulated demo tape featuring Dave Mustaine on vocals. ... It is proposed that this article be deleted, because of the following concern: Demos are non-notable by default, no assertion of notability If you can address this concern by improving, copyediting, sourcing, renaming or merging the page, please edit this page and do so. ... The Four Horsemen of the Apocalypse are mentioned in the Bible in chapter six of the Book of Revelation, which predicts that they will ride during the Apocalypse. ... Megaforce is an early demo recording by thrash metal band Metallica. ... Garage Inc. ... Cliff em All (cover) Produced by: Curt Marvis, Jeff Richter Directed by: Jea Pellerin, Doug Freel Recorded at: various concerts between 1983 and 1986 (see below) Cliff em All was released as a tribute to Metallicas late bassist Cliff Burton. ... 2 of One cover, by Pushead 2 of One, a home video released on June 6, 1989, features two versions of Metallicas 1989 video One from their album, ...And Justice for All. ... A Year and a Half in the Life of Metallica DVD cover, by Pushead A Year and a Half in the Life of Metallica is a two-part documentary about the process of making the Metallica album (or The Black Album), and the following tour. ... Live Shit: Binge & Purge (1993) is Metallicas live album containing 3 CDs and 2 VHS tapes (new version: 2 DVDs) from concerts in Mexico City, Seattle and San Diego. ... Cunning Stunts is a DVD video of live performances by Metallica. ... S&M is a live album by the American heavy metal band Metallica, recorded live with the San Francisco Symphony on April 21-22 of 1999. ... For other uses, see Some Kind of Monster. ... The Videos 1989-2004 is a DVD featuring all Metallica videos released between 1989 and 2004. ... Whiplash is the sixth track on the first album by the heavy metal band Metallica, Kill Em All, released in 1983. ... Jump in the Fire is the fourth track on Metallicas 1983 album Kill Em All. ... Seek & Destroy is the ninth track on Metallicas 1983 album Kill Em All. ... Music sample Fade to Black Problems? See media help. ... Creeping Death is a song by Metallica and is the seventh track on their album Ride the Lightning. ... For Whom the Bell Tolls is a song by Metallica, the third track from their second album Ride the Lightning. ... Music sample Master of Puppets Problems? See media help. ... [[:Template:Infobox SingBold textle]] Battery is the opening track of Metallicas 1986 album Master of Puppets. ... Welcome Home (Sanitarium) is the fourth song from Metallicas 1986 album Master of Puppets. ... Eye of the Beholder is the 3rd track from Metallicas 1988 album . ... Harvester of Sorrow is the sixth song from the Metallica album . ... ...And Justice for All is the second track on Metallicas 1988 album . ... Alternate Single Cover Music sample One Problems? See media help. ... Music sample Enter Sandman ( file info) Problems? See media help. ... Dont Tread On Me is the 6th song from Metallicas self-titled album. ... The Unforgiven is one of the slower songs on the self-titled album, Metallica (also known as the Black Album). ... Music sample Nothing Else Matters ( file info) Problems? See media help. ... Wherever I May Roam is the fifth track on the Metallica (aka Black) Album by the heavy metal band Metallica. ... Sad But True is a heavy metal song recorded by Metallica for their fifth studio album Metallica (1991; also known as The Black Album). ... Until it Sleeps is the 4th song from Metallicas 1996 album Load, and is written by James Hetfield and Lars Ulrich. ... Aint My Bitch is the first song from Metallicas 1996 album Load. ... Old logo, as used in Master Of Puppets, circa 1986. ... Mama Said is a Metallica song on the bands sixth album, Load. ... King Nothing is a song by Metallica in their 1996 album Load. ... Bleeding Me is track # 7 on Metallicas 1996 album Load. ... The Memory Remains is a song by Metallica in their 1997 album Reload. ... The Unforgiven II is a song performed by Metallica. ... Fuel is a song from Metallicas ReLoad album. ... Turn the Page is a song written and recorded by Bob Seger. ... Whiskey In The Jar is a song and a single off of heavy metal group Metallicas studio album Garage Inc. ... Die, Die My Darling is a 1998 single by American metal band Metallica, covering a song by The Misfits for their 1998 covers album Garage Inc. ... Music sample Nothing Else Matters ( file info) Problems? See media help. ... It has been suggested that this article or section be merged into S&M (album). ... This article is about the Metallica song. ... This article or section does not adequately cite its references or sources. ... Frantic is the second single by heavy metal band Metallica off their 2003 album St. ... The Unnamed Feeling is the third single by heavy metal band Metallica off their 2003 album St. ... One of the first songs put together for the bands St Anger Album, the songs birth and development is well detailed in the movie - Metallica - Some Kind of Monster. ... The following is a complete chronology of the various line-ups of Metallica, from the groups inception in 1981 until the present. ... 8 2 - 9 1 2 39 - - References and footnotes This is the discography for the American heavy metal band Metallica. ... For the Christian heavy metal singer, see Rob Rock. ... Lloyd Grant is a Jamaican musician. ... Metallica recorded several demos throughout their career, some of which were very notable and now are much sought after as collectibles. ... Megadeth is an American thrash metal band led by founder, frontman, guitarist, and songwriter Dave Mustaine. ... Exodus is an American thrash metal band formed in 1980 in San Francisco, California by singer/drummer Tom Hunting, guitarists Tim Agnello and Kirk Hammett, and bassist Carlton Melson. ... Flotsam and Jetsam is a thrash metal band formed in Phoenix, Arizona in 1983. ... For the popular-music magazine, see Musician (magazine). ... A songwriter is someone who writes the lyrics to songs, the musical composition (chords) or melody to songs, or both. ... is the 41st day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1962 (MCMLXII) was a common year starting on Monday (the link is to a full 1962 calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... Castro Valley is a census-designated place (CDP) in Alameda County, California, United States. ... This article is about the U.S state. ... For other uses of terms redirecting here, see US (disambiguation), USA (disambiguation), and United States (disambiguation) Motto In God We Trust(since 1956) (From Many, One; Latin, traditional) Anthem The Star-Spangled Banner Capital Washington, D.C. Largest city New York City National language English (de facto)1 Demonym American... Ljungby Municipality is a Municipality in Kronoberg County, in southern Sweden where the town Ljungby (pop. ...

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