Cluniac Reform was the time of the purification and scourging of the Roman Catholic Church during the 11th century. For other uses of the term, see Catholic Church (disambiguation). ... As a means of recording the passage of time, the 11th century was that century which lasted from 1001 to 1100. ...

After a century of corruption and decadence, the Christian church was finally cleaned up. In the 11th century, the Church began a remarkable religious revival in which the popes worked to codify and re-establish church law. Church officials sought to communicate with all the clergy and peoples of Europe through a clearly defined, obedient hierarchy of bishops. The popes wanted the basic loyalty of all the clergy in Europe. Pope Gregory VII's strong assertion of papal power led to profound changes and serious conflict with secular authorities. The revival of the church was manifested in the twelfth and thirteenth centuries by a flowering of popular piety, reflected in the building of magnificent cathedrals. The Pope (from Greek: pappas, father; from Latin: papa, Papa, father) is the head of the Catholic Church. ... A bishop is an ordained member of the Christian clergy who, in certain Christian churches, holds a position of authority. ... Europe is conventionally considered one of the seven continents of Earth which, in this case, is more a cultural and political distinction than a physiographic one, leading to some dispute as to Europes actual borders. ... Gregory VII, born Hildebrand (c. ... (11th century - 12th century - 13th century - other centuries) As a means of recording the passage of time, the 12th century was that century which lasted from 1101 to 1200. ... (12th century - 13th century - 14th century - other centuries) As a means of recording the passage of time, the 13th century was that century which lasted from 1201 to 1300. ... A cathedral is a Christian church building, specifically of a denomination with an episcopal hierarchy, such as the Anglican, Catholic and some Lutheran churches, which serves as the central church of a diocese, and thus as a bishops seat. ...

Monastic revival

In the early middle ages, the best Benedictine monasteries had been citadels of good monastic observance and centers of learning. Between the seventh and ninth centuries, religious houses such as Bobbio in northern Italy, Luxeuil in France, and Jarrow in England copied and preserved manuscripts, maintained schools, and set high standards of monastic observance. Charlemagne had encouraged and supported these monastic activities, and the collapse of the Carolingian Empire had disastrous effects. A Benedictine is a person who follows the Rule of St Benedict. ... Stone arch bridge over the Trebbia river Bobbio is a city in the Piacenza province of the Emilia-Romagna region in northern Italy. ... Luxeuil-les-Bains is a town and commune of eastern France, in the Haute-Saône département. ... Map sources for Jarrow at grid reference NZ3465 Jarrow is a town on the River Tyne, England with a population around 27,000 (2001 Census). ... Charlemagne (742 or 747 – 28 January 814) (also Charles the Great[1]; from Latin, Carolus Magnus or Karolus Magnus), son of King Pippin the Short and Bertrada of Laon, was the king of the Franks from 768 to 814 and king of the Lombards from 774 to 814. ... Map of Carolingian Empire The term Carolingian Empire is sometimes used to refer to the realm of the Franks under the dynasty of the Carolingians. ...

Since the time of Charlemagne, secular powers had selected church officials and compelled them to become their vassals. In the period of political disorder that followed the disintegration of the Carolingian Empire, many religious houses fell under the control and domination of local feudal lords.

In 909, William the Pious, duke of Aquitaine, established the Abbey of Cluny near Mâcon in Burgundy. Duke William declared that Cluny was to enjoy complete independence from all feudal or secular episcopal lordship. The first two abbots at the Cluny, Berno and Odo, set very high standards of religious behavior. They stressed strict observance of Rule of Saint Benedict, the development of a personal spiritual life by the individual monk, and the importance of the liturgy. Cluny was fortunate in having a series of highlightable abbots who ruled for a long time. These abbots paid careful attention to sound economic management. In a disorderly world, Cluny gradually came to stand for religious and political stability. This article is for the year 909. ... William I of Aquitaine (d. ... The persons who held the title of Duke of Aquitaine (French: Duc dAquitaine}, which became part of France in 1449 but was an independent duchy before that date, with the years they held it, were: // Dukes of Aquitaine Edward III claimed the title of King of France in 1339... The abbey today The Abbey of Cluny (or Cluni, or Clugny) was founded on 2 September 909 by the Duke of Aquitaine and Count of Auvergne, William I, who placed it under the immediate authority of Pope Sergius III. The Abbey and its constellation of dependencies soon came to exemplify... Mâcon is a commune of France, préfecture (capital) of the Saône-et-Loire département, in the Bourgogne région. ... Coat of arms of the 2nd duchy of Burgundy and later of the French province of Burgundy Burgundy (French: Bourgogne) is a historic region of France, inhabited in turn by Pre-Indo-European people, Celts (Gauls), Romans (Gallo-Romans), and various Germanic peoples, most importantly the Burgundians and the Franks. ... Saint Odo of Cluny ( 878 - 18 November 942), a saint of the Roman Catholic Church, was the second abbot of Cluny. ... The Rule of St Benedict by Benedict of Nursia (fl. ...