Computer clustering - (in Computer science) the connection of many low-cost computers using special hardware and software such that they can be used as one larger computer. The hardware used to link nodes together is usually called interconnect and consists of Network Interface Cards, or NICs, switches and cables. The choice of interconnect depends on many factors. For fine-grained applications, where the nodes need to communicate often, the interconnect must be fast or the application suffers waiting for the network. In terms of software, clustering can either be used to provide reliability (when one machines fails, the other(s) take over its workload) or as a means to inexpensively provide large amounts of computing power. Microsoft's clustering solution for Windows NT systems is called MSCS
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While most clusters become dispersed before a large proportion of their members have reached the white dwarf stage, the number of white dwarfs in open clusters is still generally much lower than would be expected, given the age of the cluster and the expected initial mass distribution of the stars.
Because the stars in an open cluster are all at roughly the same distance from Earth, and were born at roughly the same time from the same raw material, the differences in apparent brightness among cluster members is due only to their mass.
The radial velocity of cluster members can be determined from Doppler shift measurements of their spectra, and once the radial velocity, proper motion and angular distance from the cluster to its vanishing point are known, simple trigonometry will reveal the distance to the cluster.
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