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Coade stone was a type of 'artificial stone' first created by Mrs Eleanor Coade (Elinor Coade, 1733-1821), and sold commercially from 1769 to 1833. The building boom in London, at this time, led to a high demand for ornate features to decorate and adorn brick-built Georgian houses. The showrooms of Mrs Coade's Artificial Stone Company, in Westminster Bridge Road, provided a huge array of 'off the shelf' solutions for builders and architects, ranging from small keystones for over front doors to corner and window features and almost entire façades. The factory was in Lambeth, London, where the Royal Festival Hall now stands. The company initially did very well, boasting an illustrious list of customers such as George III and quite a few members of the English nobility (Wendy Moonan remarks in the New York Times that Mrs. Coade sold to "a Debrett's full of English lords and Dukes."). Despite the presence of Coade stone at such prominent sites as Nelson’s Memorial at Burnham Thorpe, Britannia Monument in Great Yarmouth, the pediment of the Old Royal Naval College, Greenwich, Buckingham Palace, Castle Howard, St. Paul's Cathedral, Brighton Palace, Captain Bligh’s tomb (in the churchyard of St Mary's Lambeth), the Lion outside County Hall next to Westminster Bridge and the sculptural reliefs above the entrance to the Imperial War Museum, after the first Mrs. Coade's death in 1821, her daughter and relatives (who inherited the firm) apparently did not do as well. The firm went bankrupt in 1833. Events February 12 - British colonist James Oglethorpe founds Savannah, Georgia. ...
The coronation banquet for George IV 1821 was a common year starting on Monday (see link for calendar). ...
London (pronounced ) is the capital city of England and the United Kingdom. ...
Lambeth North tube station on Westminster Bridge Road. ...
Lambeth is a place in the London Borough of Lambeth. ...
The Royal Festival Hall is a concert, dance and talks venue within the South Bank Centre in London. ...
George III (George William Frederick) (4 June 1738–29 January 1820) was King of Great Britain, and King of Ireland from 25 October 1760 until 1 January 1801, and thereafter King of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland until his death. ...
The New York Times is an internationally known daily newspaper published in New York City and distributed in the United States and many other nations worldwide. ...
Debrett’s history as a specialist publisher began in 1769, with the publication of the first edition of The New Peerage. ...
Burnham Thorpe is a small village on the River Burn and near the coast of Norfolk in England. ...
The Britannia Monument is a commemorative column or tower built in memorial to Admiral Horatio Nelson, situated on the Denes, Great Yarmouth in the county of Norfolk, England. ...
Statistics Population: 47,288 Ordnance Survey OS grid reference: TG5207 Administration District: Great Yarmouth Shire county: Norfolk Region: East of England Constituent country: England Sovereign state: United Kingdom Other Ceremonial county: Norfolk Historic county: Norfolk Services Police force: Norfolk Constabulary Ambulance service: East of England Post office and telephone Post...
A pediment is a classical architectural element consisting of a triangular section or gable found above the horizontal superstructure (entablature) which lies immediately upon the columns. ...
The Old Royal Naval College The Royal Naval College, Greenwich, was a Royal Navy training establishment between 1873 and 1998, in the centre of the Maritime Greenwich World Heritage Site in London. ...
Buckingham Palace and the Victoria Memorial. ...
The garden front of Castle Howard John Vanburghs complete project for Castle Howard, which was not all built. ...
St Pauls Cathedral is a cathedral on Ludgate Hill, in the City of London in London, and the seat of the Bishop of London. ...
William Bligh William Bligh (September 9, 1754 _ December 7, 1817) was an officer of the British Royal Navy with final rank of Vice Admiral, who is best known for the famous mutiny that occurred against his command aboard HMAV Bounty. ...
County Hall County Hall is a building in Lambeth, London, that was the headquarters of London County Council and later the Greater London Council (GLC). ...
Westminster Bridge and the Palace of Westminster, with a glimpse of Westminster Abbey behind the tower of Big Ben. ...
The Imperial War Museum is a museum in London featuring military vehicles, weapons, war memorabilia, a library, a photographic archive, and an art collection of 20th century and later conflicts, especially those involving Britain, and the British Empire. ...
Bankruptcy is a legally declared inability or impairment of ability of an individual or organization to pay their creditors. ...
The material
Coade Stone is a form of Stoneware (vitrified ceramic). Mrs Coade’s own name for her products was Lithodipyra, which was a word constructed from ancient Greek words, which she strung together, meaning stone/twice/fire (λιθος/δις/πυρα). Its colours varied between light grey to light yellow (or even beige) and its surface is best described as having a matte finish. Stoneware is a category of clay and a type of pottery distinguished primarily by its firing and maturation temperature (from about 1200°C to 1315°C). ...
Beige is a light yellowish gray color. ...
The ease with which the product could be moulded to complex shapes made it ideal for large statues, sculptures and sculptural façades. Moulds were often kept for many years, for repeated use. One-offs were clearly much more expensive to produce, as they would have to carry the entire cost of creating the mould.
One of the more striking features of Coade is its incredible weathering resistance, which is better than that of most stone in the harsh London environment. Thus, examples of Coade stonework have survived very well; prominent examples listed above have survived without any apparent wear and tear even after 150 years.
As a material, Coade stone was replaced by the much cheaper Portland cement (an artificial material) and it appears that it was largely phased out by the 1840s. Sampling fast set Portland cement Portland cement is the most common type of cement in general usage, as it is a basic ingredient of concrete, mortar and plaster. ...
The formula The 'recipe' for Coade stone is, contrary to popular belief, still in existence, and it can still be produced. It was not a chemically-produced artificial stone, like concrete. It was kiln-fired ceramic. The manufacture required special skills; it was the careful control and skill in kiln firing, over days, that ensured success. This skill is even more remarkable, when the potential variability of kiln temperatures in those times is considered. Mrs Coade's factory was the only really successful manufacturer. The most common form of concrete consists of Portland cement, construction aggregate (generally gravel and sand) and water. ...
Fixed Partial Denture, or Bridge The word ceramic is derived from the Greek word κεÏαμικος (keramikos, potters earth, or pottery). The term covers inorganic non-metallic materials whose formation is due to the action of heat. ...
The formula used was:
- 10% of grog (see below)
- 5-10% of crushed flint
- 5-10% fine sand (to reduce shrinkage)
- 10% crushed soda lime glass.
- 60-70% Ball clay from Dorset & Devon.
The 'grog' which was used was made up of finely crushed pre-fired items such as 'wasters' (material that had already been fired once). This was also referred to as "fortified clay" which was then inserted (after kneading) into a kiln which would bake the clay at a temperature of 2012 degrees Fahrenheit for somewhere over four days. [1]
Mrs Coade
 Belmont House, Lyme Regis.  Ammonites in the pavement outside the museum, Lyme Regis. Mrs Coade was a resident of Lyme Regis, Dorset, living in Belmont House in that town. The pavement (sidewalk) outside the Philpot Museum, Lyme Regis, is inlaid with decorative examples of Coade stone, in the shape of Ammonites, set within its surface. They have proved durable enough to have survived the wear of myriad footfalls, over the years. Belmont House appropriately carries examples of the work on its façade. Image File history File linksMetadata Download high-resolution version (2560x1920, 2431 KB) Summary Photographer: User:Ballista Licensing I, the creator of this work, hereby grant the permission to copy, distribute and/or modify this document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1. ...
Image File history File linksMetadata Download high-resolution version (2560x1920, 2431 KB) Summary Photographer: User:Ballista Licensing I, the creator of this work, hereby grant the permission to copy, distribute and/or modify this document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1. ...
Location within the British Isles The Cobb, with boats grounded in the harbour at low tide. ...
For other uses, see Dorset (disambiguation). ...
Orders and Suborders Order Ammonitida Ammonitina Acanthoceratina Ancyloceratina Phylloceratina Lytoceratina Order Goniatitida Goniatitina Anarcestina Clymeniina Order Ceratitida Ceratitina Prolecanitina Ammonites are an extinct group of marine animals (subclass Ammonoidea) in the phylum Mollusca and class Cephalopoda. ...
Example of Use  One easily seen example of its use, is the statue of the Lion at the south end of Westminster Bridge. This was the icon on the old Red Lion Brewery, that existed on the Lambeth bank of the River Thames. The statue was removed from on top of the brewery when it was demolished in 1950 to make way for the South Bank Site of the Festival of Britain in 1951. The Lion was placed at street level for all to see. When it was removed, the date 1832 was discovered under one of its paws. From the photograph, it can be seen that the fine details still remain even after 170 years of London's corrosive atmosphere, which was caused by the heavy use of coal through-out the 19th century & the first half of the 20th century. The red paint was removed from the surface of the Lion so that the Coade stone could be seen easily Lambeth is a place in the London Borough of Lambeth. ...
The Thames (pronounced []) is a river flowing through southern England, in its lower reaches flowing through London into the sea. ...
The Festival of Britain was a national exhibition which opened in May 1951 in London. ...
Note - ↑ "A Couple of Dogs that Never Need Feeding, And Other Garden Gems", by Wendy Moonan; pg. B36 of the New York Times, 28 April 2006
The New York Times is an internationally known daily newspaper published in New York City and distributed in the United States and many other nations worldwide. ...
See also Stoneware Stoneware is a category of clay and a type of pottery distinguished primarily by its firing and maturation temperature (from about 1200°C to 1315°C). ...
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