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Encyclopedia > Coarse graining
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Granularity is the extent to which a system contains discrete components of ever-smaller size. An example of increasing granularity: a list of nations in the United Nations, a list of all states/provinces in those nations, a list of all counties in those states, and so on until you have a list of all people in the countries that belong to the U.N. A system is an assemblage of inter-related elements comprising a unified whole. ... Jump to: navigation, search The United Nations, or UN, is an international organization established in 1945. ...

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In physics

A fine-grained description of a system is a detailed, low-level model of it. A coarse-grained description is a model where some of this fine detail has been smoothed over or averaged out. The replacement of a fine-grained description with a lower-resolution coarse-grained model is called coarse graining. (See for example the view of the second law of thermodynamics in the article MaxEnt thermodynamics) Jump to: navigation, search The second law of thermodynamics states that all work processes tend towards a greater entropy (disorder/lower energy density) over time. ... Jump to: navigation, search In physics the MaxEnt school of thermodynamics, initiated with two papers published in the Physical Review by Edwin T. Jaynes in 1957, views statistical mechanics as an inference process: a specific application of inference techniques rooted in information theory, which are relate not just to equilibrium...


In computing

In parallel computing, granularity means the amount of computation in relation to communication, i.e., the ratio of computation to the amount of communication. Parallel computing is the simultaneous execution of the same task (split up and specially adapted) on multiple processors in order to obtain faster results. ... Computation can be defined as finding a solution to a problem from given inputs by means of an algorithm. ...


"Fine-grain parallelism" means individual tasks are relatively small in terms of code size and execution time, "coarse grain" is the opposite.


The smaller the granularity, the greater the potential for parallelism and hence speed-up but the greater the overheads of synchronisation and communication. (The last two paragraphs are from FOLDOC.)


In credit portfolio risk management

In credit portfolio risk modeling, granularity refers to the number of the exposures in the portfolio. The higher the granularity, the more positions are in a credit portfolio, providing a higher degree of size diversification, which in turn reduces concentration risk. This is colloquially known as "not putting all your eggs in one basket".


See also


  Results from FactBites:
 
Coarse Graining for Upscaling of Flow in Heterogeneous Porous Media (243 words)
Coarse Graining for Upscaling of Flow in Heterogeneous Porous Media: Multiscale Modeling and Simulation: A SIAM Interdisciplinary Journal Vol.
The so-called coarse graining method is used to obtain an effective permeability tensor $K^{\text{eff}}(\lam)$ which depends on the given length scale $\lambda$.
We formulate and extend the coarse graining method in Fourier space and give explicit results for the effective permeability tensor for a correct projector $P^\pm_\lambda$ in Fourier space.
Model Reduction (1139 words)
This separation between the coarse grained variables and the remaining variables that cause the fluctuations may be viewed as a manifestation of an approximate system-environment split.
For instance, within a Lagrangian framework, after coarse graining the system the desired objective is to discern the form of the new effective coarse grained Lagrangian.
In this case, the coarse graining generates a map from the couplings constants of the original Lagrangian to the coupling constants of the coarse grained Lagrangian.
  More results at FactBites »


 

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