Bodega Bay as viewed from present-day Dillon Beach, was ancient homeland of the Coastal Miwok.

The Coast Miwok were the second largest group of Miwok Native American people. The Coast Miwok inhabited the general area of modern Marin County and southern Sonoma County in Northern California, from the Golden Gate north to Duncan's Point and eastward to Sonoma Creek. The Coast Miwok included the Bodega Bay Miwok from authenticated Miwok villages around Bodega Bay and Marin Miwok. Image File history File linksMetadata Download high-resolution version (1711x1139, 963 KB)Bodega Bay viewed from Dillon Beach, CA in Marin County. ... Image File history File linksMetadata Download high-resolution version (1711x1139, 963 KB)Bodega Bay viewed from Dillon Beach, CA in Marin County. ... Miwok—also spelled Miwuk or Me-Wuk—refers to native Californians who lived in what is now Northern California. ... Native Americans (also Indians, Aboriginal Peoples, American Indians, First Nations, Alaskan Natives, Amerindians, or Indigenous Peoples of America) are the indigenous inhabitants of The Americas prior to the European colonization, and their modern descendants. ... Marin County is a county located in Californias San Francisco Bay Area, across the Golden Gate Bridge from San Francisco. ... Sonoma County is a county located on Californias Pacific coast north of the San Francisco Bay Area. ... Northern California, refers to the northern portion of the U.S. state of California. ... The Golden Gate Bridge is a suspension bridge spanning the Golden Gate, the opening into the San Francisco Bay from the Pacific Ocean. ... Bodega Bay and Bodega Harbor Bodega Bay is a small shallow, sand-choked inlet of the Pacific Ocean on the coast of northern California in the United States. ...

Description

The Coast Miwok spoke their own coastal language in the Utian linguistic group. They lived by hunting and gathering, and lived in small bands without centralized political authority. In the springtime they would head to the coasts to hunt salmon and other seafood. Otherwise their staple foods were primarily acorns, nuts and wild game. They were skilled at basketry. Miwok mythology was similar to other Northern Californians, with many tales of Coyote as the trickster. Utian (also Miwok-Costanoan) is language family consisting of Miwokan languages and Costanoan languages. ... In anthropology, the hunter-gatherer way of life is that led by certain societies of the Neolithic Era based on the exploitation of wild plants and animals. ... Four styles of household basket. ... Miwok mythology is similar to other Native American myths of Northern California, with many tales of Coyote as the trickster god. ... Canis latrans, the animal on which the myth is based Coyote is a mythological figure common to many Native American cultures, based on the coyote animal. ... The trickster figure Renart the Fox as depicted in an 1869 childrens book by Michel Rodange. ...

There is a recreated Coast Miwok village called Kule Loklo located at the Point Reyes National Seashore. Kule Loklo (Bear Valley) is a recreated Coast Miwok Indian village located in Point Reyes National Seashore, in Marin County, California. ... McClures Beach, Point Reyes National Seashore, looking south on an overcast winters afternoon Point Reyes National Seashore is 70,000 acre (283 km²) park preserve located on the Point Reyes Peninsula in Marin county, California, USA. As a national seashore, it is maintained by the US National Park...

• Population: In 1770 there were about 1,500 Coast Miwok.^[1] By 1850 population estimated was 250, and by 1880 population estimated 60.^[2]

Authentic Villages

The authenticated coast Miwok villages are: ^[3]

• On Bodega Bay: Bauli-n, Helapattai, Hime-takala, Ho-takala, Suwutenne, Tiwut-huya, Tokau. Also in this vicinity: Awachi (at the mouth of Estero Americano Creek), Amayelle (on San Antonio Creek), Kennekono (at Bodega Corners).
• On Tomales Bay: Echa-kolum, Shotommo-wi (near the mouth of San Antonio Creek), Sakloki (opposite Tomales Point, Dillon Beach area), Utumia (Near present-day town of Tomales.)
• At present-day City of Petaluma: Etem, Petaluma (east of River). Also in this vicinity: Tuchayelin (northwest), Likatiut (on Petaluma River north of town), Meleya (on San Antonio Creek southwest of Petaluma), Susuli (northwest), Tulme (northwest), Wotoki (on the south side of Petaluma River).
• At present-day City of San Rafael: Awani-wi.
• At present-day City of Sonoma: Huchi. Also in this vicinity: Temblek (west), Tuli (northwest), Wugilwa (on Sonoma Creek).
• At present-day town of Cotati: Kotati, Lumen-takala (northeast). Also in this vicinity: Payinecha (west).
• At present-day town of Nicasio: Echa-tamai.
• At present-day town of Olema: Olema-loke.
• At present-day town of Sausalito: Liwanelowa.
• Near present-day town of Freestone: Oye-yomi, Pakahuwe, Patawa-yomi.
• Near present-day town of Ignacio: Ewu, Puyuku (south), Shotokmo-cha (southeast).
• Near present-day town of Novato: Chokeche, Olompolli (northwest).
• Near present-day town of Valley Ford: Ewapalt, Uli-yomi (at the headwaters of Estero Americano Creek).
• Near present-day town of Salmon Creek: Pulya-lakum (on the ocean, near the mouth of Salmon Creek)

History

Documentation of Miwok peoples dates back as early as 1579 by a priest on a ship under the command of Francis Drake. Other verification of occupancy exists from Spanish and Russian voyagers between 1595 and 1808. ^[2][4] Events January 6 - The Union of Atrecht united the southern Netherlands under the Duke of Parma, governor in the name of king Philip II of Spain. ... Sir Francis Drake, Vice Admiral, (c. ... Events January 30 - William Shakespeares Romeo and Juliet is performed for the first time. ... 1808 was a leap year starting on Friday (see link for calendar). ...

In the early 1800s when Spanish-American Franciscans began to move them to the missions and divide Marin-Sonoma lands into large ranches under Spanish land deeds. The Spanish Missions established from 1809 to 1834 used Coast Miwok and southern Pomo people as a labor source. Many became known as mission Indians at Mission San Rafael Arcángel (of San Rafael), or Mission San Francisco Solano (of Sonoma). Mission records assist in substantiating native genealogical persistence. At first the Coast Miwok were encouraged to join the Missions of California system as neophytes, sent to San Francisco and San Jose, later they were encouraged back to Sonoma County to help build and live at the Mission San Francisco Solano, from this final missions' founding in 1823 to its secularization in 1836.^[2][4] 1809 was a common year starting on Sunday (see link for calendar). ... 1834 was a common year starting on Wednesday (see link for calendar). ... Miwok—also spelled Miwuk or Me-Wuk—refers to native Californians who lived in what is now Northern California. ... Pomo girl photographed by Edward S. Curtis in 1924. ... The reconstructed capilla (chapel) at Mission San Rafael Arcángel on a rainy day in December, 2004. ... Saint Raphael Church, one of the citys most recognizable landmarks San Rafael (pronounced san ruh-FELL in English; original Spanish pronunciation is sahn rah-fai-EL) is the county seat of Marin County, California, United States. ... A view of Mission San Francisco Solano on a rainy December day in 2004. ... Sonoma City Hall in the town plaza Sonoma is a historically significant town in Sonoma Valley, Sonoma County, California, USA. Sonoma is centered around its historic town plaza, a remnant of the towns Spanish colonial past. ... The Spanish Missions in California (more simply referred to as the California Missions) comprise a series of religious outposts established by Spanish Catholic Dominicans, Jesuits, and Franciscans, to spread the Christian doctrine among the local Native Americans. ... A view of Mission San Francisco Solano on a rainy December day in 2004. ...

The Coast Miwok population declined rapidly after 1838, when a smallpox epidemic devastated the region that year, as well as from other diseases brought in from the Spaniards as well as the Russians at Fort Ross.^[2][4] Fort Ross is a former Russian fur trade outpost in what is now Sonoma County, California (United States). ...

By the beginning of California statehood (1850) the Miwok of Marin and Sonoma Counties were making the best of a difficult oppressive situation, by earning their livelihoods through farm labor or fishing, within their traditional homelands. Some chose to work as seasonal or year-round ranch labors for the Rancho Petaluma Adobe or other Ranches.^[4] Official language(s) English Capital Sacramento Largest city Los Angeles Area  Ranked 3rd  - Total 158,302 sq mi (410,000 km²)  - Width 250 miles (400 km)  - Length 770 miles (1,240 km)  - % water 4. ... 1850 was a common year starting on Tuesday (see link for calendar). ... Rancho Petaluma Adobe is a large ranch and adobe ranch house that was owned by General Mariano Vallejo from 1834 to 1857, founded at the time when the Northern California was part of Mexico. ...

Relocation

After the Mission period (1769-1834) local Indian people continued in servitude to Mexican land grant owners throughout their confiscated tribal territories. Mexican and American period records show that a Coast Miwok, Camilo Ynitia, secured the land grant for Olompali near Novato within Coast Miwok homelands. Olompali is the site of a large village, extending from prehistoric times into the Spanish/Mexican periods, and continues today as an important historic locale. The Spanish Missions in California (more simply referred to as the California Missions) comprise a series of religious outposts established by Spanish Catholic Dominicans, Jesuits, and Franciscans, to spread the Christian doctrine among the local Native Americans, but with the added benefit of giving Spain a toehold in the frontier... 1769 was a common year starting on Sunday (see link for calendar). ... 1834 was a common year starting on Wednesday (see link for calendar). ... A land grant is a gift of land made by the government for projects such as roads, railroads, or especially academic institutions. ... Novato is a city located in northern Marin County, California. ...

Another important locale was Nicasio northwest of San Rafael. Near the time of secularization (1835), the Church granted the San Rafael Christian Indians 20 leagues (80,000 acres, 320 km²) of mission lands at Nicasio. About 500 Indians relocated to Nicasio. By 1850 they had but one league of land left. This radical reduction of land was a result of illegal confiscation of land by non-Indians under protest by Indian residents. In 1870, Jose Calistro, the last community leader at Nicasio, purchased the small surrounding parcel. Calistro died in 1875, and in 1876 the land was transferred by his will to his four children. In 1880 there were 36 Indian people at Nicasio. The population was persuaded to leave in the 1880s when Marin County, California curtailed funds to all Indians (except those at Marshall) who were not living at the Poor Farm, a place for "indigent" peoples. Nicasio is a village located in the hills of west Marin County, California, United States. ... Saint Raphael Church, one of the citys most recognizable landmarks San Rafael (pronounced san ruh-FELL in English; original Spanish pronunciation is sahn rah-fai-EL) is the county seat of Marin County, California, United States. ... | Come and take it, slogan of the Texas Revolution 1835 was a common year starting on Thursday (see link for calendar). ... 1850 was a common year starting on Tuesday (see link for calendar). ... 1870 (MDCCCLXX) was a common year starting on Saturday (see link for calendar) of the Gregorian calendar or a common year starting on Monday of the 12-day-slower Julian calendar. ... 1875 (MDCCCLXXV) was a common year starting on Friday (see link for calendar). ... 1876 (MDCCCLXXVI) was a leap year starting on Saturday. ... 1880 (MDCCCLXXX) was a leap year starting on Thursday (see link for calendar). ... // Events and Trends Technology Development and commercial production of electric lighting Development and commercial production of gasoline-powered automobile by Karl Benz, Gottlieb Daimler and Maybach First commercial production and sales of phonographs and phonograph recordings. ... Marin County is a county located in Californias San Francisco Bay Area, across the Golden Gate Bridge from San Francisco. ... Marshall, California is a town on the east shore of Tomales Bay in Marin County, Northern California. ...

By the early 1900s, a few Miwok families pursued fishing for their livelihoods; one family continued commercial fishing into the 1970s, while another family maintained an oyster harvesting business. When this activity was neither in season nor profitable, Indian people of this area sought agricultural employment, which required an itinerant lifestyle. The preferred locality for such work was within Marin and Sonoma counties. (19th century - 20th century - 21st century - more centuries) Decades: 1900s 1910s 1920s 1930s 1940s 1950s 1960s 1970s 1980s 1990s As a means of recording the passage of time, the 20th century was that century which lasted from 1901–2000 in the sense of the Gregorian calendar (1900–1999 in the... The 1970s decade refers to the years from 1970 to 1979, inclusive. ... Crassostrea gigas, Marennes-Oléron Crassostrea gigas, Marennes-Oléron Crassostrea gigas, Marennes-Oléron, opened The name oyster is used for a number of different groups of molluscs which grow for the most part in marine or brackish water. ... Look up itinerant in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ... Sonoma County is a county located on Californias Pacific coast north of the San Francisco Bay Area. ...

Recognition

The Federated Indians of Graton Rancheria, formerly the Federated Coast Miwok, gained federal recognition of their tribal status in December 2000. The new tribe consists of people of both Coast Miwok and Southern Pomo descent. The Federated Indians of Graton Rancheria is a United States federally recognized Native American tribal entity, comprised mostly of the people of the Miwok tribe. ...

Notable Coast Miwoks

• Camillo Ynitia (1816-1856) was a Coast Miwok leader who became the owner of Rancho Olompali a land grant secured for the Miwok. Ynitia also forged a ranch labor-alliance with General Mariano Vallejo, and secured semblance of peace with the white settlers (about 1830s-1840s).^[2]

• William Smith was born a Bodega Bay Coast Miwok, was forced relocation to Lake County during the late 1800s, but returned to Bodega Bay where he and his relatives founded the commercial fishing industry in the area.

1816 was a leap year starting on Monday (see link for calendar). ... 1856 was a leap year starting on Tuesday (see link for calendar). ... Mariano Guadalupe Vallejo (7 July 1808 - 12 January 1890) was born at Monterey, California, entered the Monterey Presidial Academy in 1823. ... William Smith is the name of: William Smith (1697–1769), father of John Smith, Doctor Thomas Smith, Joshua Hett Smith, and Chief Justice William Smith William Smith (abolitionist) (1756–1835), dissenter and British M.P. whose constituencies included Camelford, Sudbury, and Norwich William Smith (actor) (born 1934) William Smith (boxer... Lake County is a county located in the north central portion of the U.S. state of California, north of the San Francisco Bay Area. ... Alternative meaning: Nineteenth Century (periodical) (18th century — 19th century — 20th century — more centuries) As a means of recording the passage of time, the 19th century was that century which lasted from 1801-1900 in the sense of the Gregorian calendar. ... The village of Bodega Bay on Bodega Harbor Bodega Bay is a census-designated place located in Sonoma County, California. ...

External links

• Point Reyes National Seashore Coast Miwok Page
• Angel Island State Park Miwok Page
• Federated Indians of Graton Rancheria, A Coast Miwok Tribe
• Volunteers of the Kule Loklo (Bear Valley) Coast Miwok village
• Coast Miwok Language Tutorial
• Access Genealogy: Indian Tribal records, Miwok Indian Tribe
• Native Tribes, Groups, Language Families and Dialects of California in 1770 (map after Kroeber)
• Miwok Archeological Preserve of Marin

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References

See Also