Munich's coat of arms depict a young monk dressed in black holding a red book. It has existed in a similar form since the 13th century, though through the course of history has had many alterations and at certain points it has not depicted the central figure of the monk at all. The coat of arms in its current form was created in 1957 and is still an important symbol of the Bavarian state capital . Mariahilf Church Au is a district in the south eastern plain tract of the German city of Munich in Bavaria. ... Munich boroughs Milbertshofen and Am Hart are two boroughs situated in the north of Munich in Germany. ... Pasing is a district in the city of Munich, Germany. ... Schwabing is a neighborhood in the northern part of Munich, the capital of the German state of Bavaria. ... , For other uses, see Munich (disambiguation). ... For other uses, see Bavaria (disambiguation). ...

The Monk

Small seal, 1304

As the German name for Munich, i.e. München, means "of Monks",^[1] the monk in this case is a self-explanatory symbol who represents the city of Munich. The figure is portrayed wearing a golden trimmed black cowl with a black hood and red shoes. The right hand is raised and the left carries a red book. St. ... A Roman Catholic monk wearing a cowl The cowl (from the Latin, cuculla) is a long, outer garment, with wide sleeves, worn by Catholic monks when participating in the liturgy. ...

The figure is generally interpreted within the Christian tradition, namely that the monk is making a blessing gesture with one hand and the red book in the other is the gospel. However there is no direct proof of this, and as such the meaning of the coat of arms is open to debate. Another possible interpretation is that the red book in the left hand, when considered together with the oath-like gesture of the right hand, is instead the oath book of the city or the book of city laws. This book has, in fact, been handed down from the year 1365 and is bound in red. This is also the official interpretation of many Munich historians who rely on sources found in the city archives. For other uses, see Christian (disambiguation). ... Gospel, from the Old English good tidings is a calque of Greek () used in the New Testament (see Etymology below). ...

The monk as a sole heraldic figure can be found on a seal dating from the year 1304, and on flags of the city since the middle of the 14th century. In the course of the few centuries up until the current version of 1957, the coat of arms has undergone some distinctly visible changes. The monk had already taken a somewhat more childlike appearance in the 15th century. By the 18th century and especially the 19th century, the monk had been minimised into the Münchner Kindl. The description of the figure under the former name was first documented in 1727. Münchner Kindl is German for Munich child, the symbol on the coat-of-arms of the city Munich. ...

History

The Munich coat of arms is verifiable from seals in 1239 and 1268. These seals show a monk in a gate, above which is an eagle that is very likely to stem from the crest of the Bishop of Freising. The city belonged to him and this is most likely a reference to his authority over it. From 1313, the city was in possession of the Wittelsbach Dukes and the eagle was replaced with a lion. Since the Fiefdom of Duke Ludwig in 1214, the golden lion has been the symbol of the old Bavarian and Palatine Wittelsbachs. The Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Munich and Freising — known in the German language as Erzbistum München und Freising and in Latin as Archidioecesis Monacensis et Frisingensis — is an ecclesiastical territory or diocese of the Roman Catholic Church in Bavaria, Germany. ... The Wittelsbach family is an European royal family and a German dynasty from Bavaria. ... Fief depiction in a book of hours Under the system of feudalism, a fiefdom, fief, feud, feoff, or fee, often consisted of inheritable lands or revenue-producing property granted by a liege lord in return for a form of allegiance, originally to give him the means to fulfill his military... Duke Louis I of Bavaria (German: Ludwig I der Kelheimer, Herzog von Bayern, Pfalzgraf bei Rhein) (Kelheim, 23 December 1173 – 15 September 1231 in Kelheim) was the Duke of Bavaria in 1183 and the Count of Palatinate of the Rhine in 1214. ...

Coat of arms after ratification by Max I. Joseph

In 1808, King Maximilian I Joseph granted the city a historicist city emblem depicting a classical portal, atop which the King's crown lies. A golden lion sits in the gate's threshold with a sword in one paw and a shield with the letter "M" in the other. As an enlightened monarch, Max I. Joseph wanted the city's symbol to show its culture and at the same time dispel the stereotype of the "Mönchsbarbarei", or the barbarianism of the monks. However, the township decided against the complete elimination of the historical reference to the monk and thus in 1818 the M was replaced with the previous monk's head design. This page refers to King Maximilian I of Bavaria. ... For historicism as a method of interpreting biblical apocalypse, see Historicism (Christian eschatology). ... enlightened desportism is the act when a prist lies in order to become better in the eyes of the churchEnlightened absolutism (also known as benevolent or enlightened despotism) is a form of despotism in which rulers were influenced by the Enlightenment, a historical period. ...

Coat of arms after ratification by Ludwig I.

In 1834, King Ludwig I granted the city its old coat of arms again in the form of large and small crests. These embodied the small crest seal of 1304 amd the large one of 1323. The 1835 coat of arms had a blue background, though this was later corrected to argent under Ludwig II in 1865. Generally speaking, the background was quite rarely changed. One example of its occurrence, however, was when or was used in the 16th century instead. Ludwig I (or Louis I, which is the French form of his name, his godfather was Louis XVI of France) (Strasbourg, August 25, 1786 – February 29, 1868 in Nice) was king of Bavaria from 1825 until the 1848 revolutions in the German states. ... ==Criminal Life == AL-Hamad is a Homosexual petifile with 135. ... Ludwig Friedrich Wilhelm II, King of Bavaria (August 25, 1845 – June 13, 1886) was king of Bavaria from 1864 until shortly before his death. ... Tinctures are the colours used to blazon coats of arms in heraldry. ...

Coat of arms in the Third Reich

Under the leadership of the Third Reich, the lion was once again replaced by the eagle from the years 1936 to 1945, only this time the one of the Nazi party. When the National Socialist version was abolished after the Second World War, no official emblem was specified from 1945 until 1948. Nazi Germany, or the Third Reich, commonly refers to Germany in the years 1933–1945, when it was under the firm control of the totalitarian and fascist ideology of the Nazi Party, with the Führer Adolf Hitler as dictator. ... The National Socialist German Workers Party (German: , or NSDAP, commonly, the Nazi Party), was a political party in Germany between 1920 and 1945 that was known as the German Workers Party before the name was changed in 1920. ... National Socialism redirects here. ... Mushroom cloud from the nuclear explosion over Nagasaki rising 18 km into the air. ...

New Coat of arms

Both a small and large coat of arms existed from 1949 until 1957. Representations of how they were before 1936 were used. In 1957 both the large and small city coat of arms were newly arranged by the designer Eduard Ege. At the same time, the city council set the resolution on the 17th of December, 1957 that the large one was no longer for official use, but only for particular representative purposes. Designer is a broad term for a person who designs any of a variety of things. ...

The official version used to this day is, within the terms of heraldry, not quite correct. The colour of skin is used, which in regard to blazoning is not allowed. Similarly, the colours are also not always set apart from each other, for example the head and the hand. Today this is ultimately not important, as these rules served the purposes of distinction and easy identification on medieval battlefields over long distances. Heraldry in its most general sense encompasses all matters relating to the duties and responsibilities of officers of arms. ... This is an article about Heraldry. ...

See also

• Coat of arms of Germany
• Coat of arms of Bavaria

The Eagle has been the coat of arms of Germany in this form since the later days of the Weimar Republic The coat of arms of Germany is a symbol of Germany; the coat of arms feature an eagle. ... For other uses, see Bavaria (disambiguation). ...

Notes

Not to be confused with Entomology, the scientific study of insects. ...

Bibliography

• K. Stadler: Deutsche Wappen – Bundesrepublik Deutschland. Angelsachsen Verlag 1964–1971. 8th Volume.

External links

• House of Bavarian History: Coat of Arms and Coat of Arm history (German)
• ngw.nl: Coat of arms description (English)
• Information of the state capital Munich's Coat of arms (German)