NationMaster - Encyclopedia: Coat of arms of Prussia

This article is about the coat of arms of the former German state of Prussia. A modern coat of arms is derived from the medi val practice of painting designs onto the shield and outer clothing of knights to enable them to be identified in battle, and later in tournaments. ... Coat of Arms of the Kingdom of Prussia, 1701-1918 Prussia (German: ; Latin: Borussia, Prutenia; Lithuanian: ; Polish: ; Old Prussian: PrÅ«sa) was, most recently, a historic state originating in East Prussia, an area which for centuries had substantial influence on German and European history. ...

Background

The state of Prussia had its origins in the separate lands of the March of Brandenburg and the Duchy of Prussia. The March of Brandenburg developed from the medieval Northern March of the Holy Roman Empire, passing to the House of Hohenzollern in 1415. The Duchy of Prussia was created in 1525 when the eastern lands of the Teutonic Knights were secularized by Albert of Brandenburg-Ansbach, a member of a cadet branch of the Hohenzollerns. Prince-elector George William inherited Ducal Prussia in 1618, uniting Brandenburg and Prussia under one ruler; the elector's state became known as Brandenburg-Prussia. The Kingdom of Prussia was created when Elector Frederick III assumed the title of Frederick I, King in Prussia, on 18 January 1701. Mark or march (or various plural forms of these words) are derived from the Frankish word marka (boundary) and refer to an area along a border, e. ... Brandenburg (Lower Sorbian: Bramborska; Upper Sorbian: Braniborska) is one of Germanys sixteen BundeslÃ¤nder (federal states) and lies in the east of the country. ... Royal and Ducal Prussia in the second half of 16th century Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth with its major subdivisions as of 1619, superimposed on present-day national borders Ducal Prussia, or the Duchy of Prussia (German: ; Polish: ), was a duchy established in 1525 in the eastern part of Prussia, as western... Northern March (in German, Nordmark), was the Holy Roman Empires territorial organisation on the conquered areas of the Wends. ... The Holy Roman Empire and from the 16th century on also The Holy Roman Empire of the German Nation was a political conglomeration of lands in Central Europe in the Middle Ages and the early modern period. ... The House of Hohenzollern is a German dynasty of electors, kings, and emperors of Prussia, Germany, and Romania. ... This article needs to be wikified. ... The Teutonic Knights or Teutonic Order (Ordo domus SanctÃ¦ MariÃ¦ Theutonicorum Ierosolimitanorum, Order of the Teutonic House of Mary in Jerusalem) is a German Roman Catholic religious order formed at the end of the 12th century in Acre in Palestine. ... Albert of Prussia Albert I Hohenzollern of Brandenburg-Ansbach (German: ; Latin: Albertus; 16 May 1490 â€“ 20 March 1568) was Grand Master of the Teutonic Knights and, after converting to Lutheranism, the first duke of Ducal Prussia, which he made the first state to adopt the Lutheran faith. ... The prince-electors or electoral princes of the Holy Roman Empire — German: Kurfürst (singular) Kurfürsten (plural) — were the members of the electoral college of the Holy Roman Empire, having the function of electing the Emperors of Germany. ... George William (German: Georg Wilhelm) (13 November 1595 - December 1, 1640) of the Hohenzollern dynasty was margrave and elector of Brandenburg and duke of Prussia (1619-1640). ... Royal and Ducal Prussia in the second half of 16th century Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth with its major subdivisions as of 1619, superimposed on present-day national borders Ducal Prussia, or the Duchy of Prussia (German: ; Polish: ), was a duchy established in 1525 in the eastern part of Prussia, as western... The Brandenburg-Prussian state was formed in 1618 when the Duchy of Prussia came under the control of the Elector of Brandenburg (part of the Holy Roman Empire of German Nation). ... Flag of Prussia (1894 - 1918) The Kingdom of Prussia existed from 1701 until 1918, and from 1871 was the leading kingdom of the German Empire, comprising in its last form almost two-thirds of the area of the Empire. ... Friedrich I of Prussia, KurfÃ¼rst of Brandenburg, King in Russia (Fredrick I, July 11, 1857 -- February 25, 1913), Hohenzollern, was the first King in Prussia, reigning from January 18, 2001, until his death. ... January 18 is the 18th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... Events January 18 - Frederick I becomes King of Prussia. ...

Prussia ceased to be a kingdom after the fall of the German Empire resulting from World War I, becoming instead the Free State of Prussia. The state of Prussia was abolished in 1947 following World War II. Motto: Gott mit Uns (German: God with usâ€) Anthem: Heil dir im Siegerkranz (unofficial) Territory of the German Empire in 1914, prior to World War I Capital Berlin Official language(s) German Minor language(s) Polish (Posen, Upper Silesia, Masuria) French (Elsass-Lothringen) Government Constitutional Monarchy - First Kaiser Wilhelm I... Combatants Allied Powers: United Kingdom France Italy Russia United States Serbia Central Powers: Austria-Hungary Bulgaria Germany Ottoman Empire Commanders Douglas Haig John Jellicoe Ferdinand Foch Georges Clemenceau Nicholas II Woodrow Wilson John Pershing Wilhelm II Reinhard Scheer Franz Josef I Conrad von HÃ¶tzendorf Ä°smail Enver Ferdinand I Casualties... This article is becoming very long. ...

History of arms

As a crusading order, the Teutonic Knights who conquered Prussia flew a black cross on a white flag. The Holy Roman Emperor granted them the right to use the black eagle of the Holy Roman Empire. This article is about the medieval crusades. ... The Teutonic Knights or Teutonic Order (Ordo domus SanctÃ¦ MariÃ¦ Theutonicorum Ierosolimitanorum, Order of the Teutonic House of Mary in Jerusalem) is a German Roman Catholic religious order formed at the end of the 12th century in Acre in Palestine. ... The Holy Roman Emperor was, with some variation, the ruler of the Holy Roman Empire, the predecessor of modern Germany, during its existence from the 10th century until its collapse in 1806. ... // This article is about the bird. ... The Holy Roman Empire and from the 16th century on also The Holy Roman Empire of the German Nation was a political conglomeration of lands in Central Europe in the Middle Ages and the early modern period. ...

On January 27, 1701, King Frederick I changed his arms as prince-elector of Brandenburg. The older arms of the electors of Brandenburg depicted a red eagle on a white background. Henceforth, the Prussian eagle, now royally crowned and with 'FR' (Fridericus Rex, "King Frederick") on his breast, was placed in an escutcheon on the shield with 25 quarters instead of the electoral scepter. All the helmets made way for one royal crown. January 27 is the 27th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... Events January 18 - Frederick I becomes King of Prussia. ... The Royal Coat of Arms of the United Kingdom displayed an inescutcheon of the arms of Hanover between 1801 and 1837 when the British monarch held the title of King of Hanover. ... Crown names several entities associated with monarchy: A crown (headgear), the headgear worn by a monarch, other high dignitaries, divinities etcetera. ...

The 'wild men' - figures from Germanic and Celtic mythology representing the 'Lord of the Beasts' or 'Green Man' - that held the arms of Prussia are probably taken from the arms of Pomerania or Denmark. They are also to be found as supporters of the arms of Braunschweig, Königsberg, and the Dutch towns of Anloo, Beilen, Bergen op Zoom, Groede, Havelte, 's Hertogenbosch, Oosterhesselen, Sleen, Sneek, Vries and Zuidwolde.^[1] A wild man and a wild woman have held the shield of the principality of Schwarzburg in Thuringia and the city of Antwerp since the beginning of the 16th century.^[2] Two wild men and a wild woman have been included in the seal of Bergen op Zoom since 1365.^[3] Celtic mythology is the mythology of Celtic polytheism, apparently the religion of the Iron Age Celts. ... Historic Pomerania (outlined in yellow) on the background of modern country borders. ... Braunschweig (historic English name Brunswick, Low Saxon Brunswiek) is a city of 245,500 people (as of December 31, 2004), located in Lower Saxony, Germany. ... Government Russia District Subdivision Russia Northwestern Federal District Kaliningrad Oblast Mayor Yuri Savenko (2005) Geographical characteristics Area - City 215. ... Bergen op Zoom is a municipality and a city in the southern Netherlands. ... s-Hertogenbosch (literally The Dukes Forest in Dutch; translated in French as Bois-le-Duc), unofficially also called Den Bosch, is a municipality in the Netherlands, the capital of the province of North Brabant. ... Sneek (Frisian Snits) is a municipality and a city in FryslÃ¢n in the northern Netherlands. ... Schwarzburg is a village in the Schwatzatal in the district Saalfeld-Rudolstadt in Thuringia, Germany. ... The Free State of Thuringia (German: Freistaat ThÃ¼ringen) lies in central Germany and is among the smaller of the countrys sixteen BundeslÃ¤nder (federal states), being eleventh in size with an area of 16,200 kmÂ² and twelfth most populous with 2. ... The Onze-Lieve-Vrouwekathedraal (Cathedral of our Lady) at the Handschoenmarkt, in the old quarter of Antwerp is the largest cathedral in the Low Countries and home to several triptychs by Baroque painter Rubens. ... Bergen op Zoom is a municipality and a city in the southern Netherlands. ...

A decree from 11 February 1701 placed a crown on the Prussion escutcheon. On February 11, 1701 the king ordained that that the whole should be placed on a royal pavilion after the French and Danish examples. February 11 is the 42nd day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar. ... Events January 18 - Frederick I becomes King of Prussia. ... February 11 is the 42nd day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar. ... Events January 18 - Frederick I becomes King of Prussia. ...

When William, Prince of Orange and King of Great Britain died on March 19, 1702, the king ordered the arms of the principality placed on his shield. This was to support his claim as sole heir by his mother, although the Frisian branch of the House of Orange-Nassau claimed it as well. William III of England (14 November 1650 â€“ 8 March 1702; also known as William II of Scotland and William III of Orange) was a Dutch aristocrat and a Protestant Prince of Orange from his birth, Stadtholder of the United Netherlands from 28 June 1672, King of England and King of... Prince of Orange is a title of nobility, originally associated with the principality of Orange in southern France. ... March 19 is the 78th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (79th in leap years). ... Events March 8 - William III died; Princess Anne Stuart becomes Queen Anne of England, Scotland and Ireland. ... , Orange (Arenjo in ProvenÃ§al) is a town and commune in the dÃ©partement of Vaucluse, in the south of France. ... Satellite view of the German Bight (the Frisian Coast). ... The House of Orange-Nassau (in Dutch: Van Oranje-Nassau), a branch of the House of Nassau, has played a central role in the political life of the Netherlands since William I of Orange (also known as William the Silent and Father of the Fatherland) organised the Dutch revolt against...

In 1708 Frederick announced that he would place the quarters of the dukes of Mecklenburg in the Prussian arms to stress his rights to Mecklenburg-Schwerin and Mecklenburg-Strelitz if their ducal lines were to die out. Although Mecklenburg-Strelitz protested, Emperor Joseph I gave permission to Frederick in October 1712. This design was twice officially altered but was not fundamentally changed since. The coat of arms of Mecklenburg-Western-Pommerania Mecklenburg is a geographical area located in Northern Germany. ... Mecklenburg-Schwerin was a Duchy (from 1815 a Grand Duchy) in northeastern Germany, formed by a partition of the Duchy of Mecklenburg. ... Mecklenburg-Strelitz was a duchy in northern Germany, roughly consisting of the present day district of Mecklenburg-Strelitz (the historical Stargarder Land), bordering areas of modern-day Brandenburg with the town of Fürstenberg and the area around Ratzeburg in modern Schleswig-Holstein. ... Joseph I. Joseph I (July 26, 1678 â€“ April 17, 1711), Holy Roman Emperor, King of Hungary and Bohemia, Archduke of Austria, was the elder son of the emperor Leopold I and his third wife, Eleanora, Countess Palatine, daughter of Philip William of Neuburg, Elector Palatine. ...

The electoral scepter had its own shield under the electoral cap. Around the shield, with 36 quarters (including Veere-Vlissingen and Breda), appeared the Order of the Black Eagle with a crowned helmet resting on top. The wild men held banners of Prussia and Brandenburg and behind the pavilion rose a Prussian banner after the example of the French Oriflamme. The motto Gott mit uns ("God with us") appeared on the pedestal. The Order of the Black Eagle (Schwarzer-Adler-Orden) was the highest order of chivalry in Prussia and later the German Empire. ... The Oriflamme was the sacred banner of the Abbey of St. ...

Already during the reign of Frederick I there is a notable difference between the 'Gothic' representation of the Prussian eagle in the arms and the more naturally depicted and often flying eagle on most coins^[4] and military standards.^[5]

Frederick William I followed his father on the throne on February 25, 1713. According to Ströhl he gave the eagle a scepter and orb. He made an arrangement with the Frisian Nassaus over the title to the Principality of Orange, although it was occupied by France. Besides the arms of Orange, he officially added Veere and Vlissingen on July 29, 1732. The king also added East Frisia to his arms, claiming it in case the prince would die without heir. A fourth escutcheon appeared among the 36 quarters. Frederick William I (German: Friedrich Wilhelm I) (August 14, 1688 â€“ May 31, 1740) of the House of Hohenzollern, was the King in Prussia from 1713 until his death. ... February 25 is the 56th day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar. ... // Events April 11 - War of the Spanish Succession: Treaty of Utrecht June 23 - French residents of Acadia given one year to declare allegiance to Britain or leave Nova Scotia Canada first Orrery built by George Graham Ongoing events Great Northern War (1700-1721) War of the Spanish Succession (1702-1713... July 29 is the 210th day (211th in leap years) of the year in the Gregorian Calendar, with 155 days remaining. ... Events February 23 - First performance of Handels Orlando, in London June 9 - James Oglethorpe is granted a royal charter for the colony of Georgia. ... The landscape to the north of Greetsiel, in East Frisia. ...

Frederick II became king on May 31, 1740. He laid claim to the duchy of Silesia after the death of Emperor Charles VI and declared war on Charles' daughter and heir, Maria Theresa of Austria, thereby starting the Silesian Wars. Frederick II of Prussia (German: ; January 24, 1712 â€“ August 17, 1786) of Hohenzollern dynasty, ruled the Kingdom of Prussia from 1740 to 1786. ... May 31 is the 151st day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (152nd in leap years), with 214 days remaining. ... Events May 31 - Friedrich II comes to power in Prussia upon the death of his father, Friedrich Wilhelm I. October 20 - Maria Theresia of Austria inherits the Habsburg hereditary dominions (Austria, Bohemia, Hungary and present-day Belgium). ... Prussian Silesia, 1871, outlined in yellow; Silesia at the close of the Seven Years War in 1763, outlined in cyan (areas now in the Czech Republic were Austrian-ruled at that time) Silesia (Czech: ; German: ; Polish: ; Silesian: Åšlonsk / ÅšlÃ³nsk) is a historical region in central Europe. ... Holy Roman Emperor Charles VI Charles VI of Austria (October 1, 1685 â€“ October 20, 1740) was Holy Roman Emperor from 1711 to 1740 and the second son of Leopold I with his third wife, Eleonore-Magdalena of Pfalz-Neuburg, came first to the throne with the name Charles III of... Maria Theresia, Holy Roman Empress, Queen of Hungary and Bohemia, Archduchess of Austria Maria Theresa (Vienna, May 13, 1717 â€“ November 29, 1780 in Vienna) was the first and only ruling Empress of the Habsburg dynasty. ... The Silesian Wars were a series of wars between Prussia and Austria (and their changing allies) for control of Silesia. ...

Frederick II was followed by his nephew, Frederick William II, on August 17, 1786. Frederick William II inherited the Franconian cadet branches (Ansbach and Bayreuth) of the House of Hohenzollern in 1791. For reasons of economy, however, the official seals were unchanged. Frederick William II (German: ; September 25, 1744 â€“ November 16, 1797) was the fourth king of Prussia, reigning from 1786 until his death. ... August 17 is the 229th day of the year (230th in leap years) in the Gregorian Calendar. ... 1786 was a common year starting on Sunday (see link for calendar). ... The Franconian Rake is originally is a heraldic symbol of the bishops of WÃ¼rzburg, who - though nominally Dukes of Franconia - only ruled in parts of Franconia. ... The House of Hohenzollern is a German dynasty of electors, kings, and emperors of Prussia, Germany, and Romania. ...

Frederick William III took the throne on November 16, 1797 and changed the arms on July 3, 1804. The reorganisation of Germany by Napoleon I of France made alterations necessary. A new escutcheon was created for Silesia and the shield held 42 quarters. The Order of the Red Eagle of the Franconian line was also added around the shield. Frederick William III Frederick William III, known in German as Friedrich Wilhelm III, reigned as king of Prussia from 1797 to 1840. ... November 16 is the 320th day of the year (321st in leap years) in the Gregorian Calendar, with 45 days remaining. ... 1797 (MDCCXCVII) was a common year starting on Sunday (see link for calendar) of the Gregorian calendar (or a common year starting on Wednesday of the 11-day-slower Julian calendar). ... July 3 is the 184th day of the year (185th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar, with 181 days remaining. ... 1804 was a leap year starting on Sunday (see link for calendar). ... Napoleon I Bonaparte, Emperor of the French, King of Italy, Mediator of the Swiss Confederation and Protector of the Confederation of the Rhine (15 August 1769 â€“ 5 May 1821) was a general of the French Revolution, the ruler of France as First Consul (Premier Consul) of the French Republic from... The Order of the Red Eagle was an order of chivalry of Prussia, awarded to recognize valor in combat or excellence in military leadership. ...

After the fall of Napoleon, Prussia gained extensive territories on the Rhine and in Saxony. New arms were therefore decreed on January 9, 1817. The number of quarters rose to 48, including the horse of Westphalia and Lower Saxony. The number of escutcheons was reduced to four: the black eagle of Prussia, the red eagle of Brandenburg instead of the scepter, the burgravate of Nuremberg (though ceded to Bavaria), and Hohenzollern proper. The Rhineland (Rheinland in German) is the general name for the land on both sides of the river Rhine in the west of Germany. ... The Province of Saxony (German Provinz Sachsen) was a Prussian province between the Napoleonic Wars of 1815 and 1947. ... January 9 is the 9th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... 1817 was a common year starting on Wednesday (see link for calendar). ... Westphalia (German: Westfalen) is a region in Germany, centred on the cities of Dortmund, Gelsenkirchen, MÃ¼nster, Bielefeld, and OsnabrÃ¼ck and included in the states of North Rhine-Westphalia and Lower Saxony. ... With an area of 47,618 km and nearly eight million inhabitants, Lower Saxony (German Niedersachsen) lies in north-western Germany and is second in area and fourth in population among the countrys sixteen Bundesl nder (federal states). ... Nuremberg (German: NÃ¼rnberg) is a city in the German state of Bavaria, in the administrative region of Middle Franconia. ... The Free State of Bavaria (German: Freistaat Bayern), with an area of 70,553 kmÂ² (27,241 square miles) and 12. ... The House of Hohenzollern is a German dynasty of electors, kings, and emperors of Prussia, Germany, and Romania. ...

The so-called 'middle arms' were then issued: a shield with the same four escutcheons and ten quarters for Silesia, Rhineland, Posen, Saxony, Pomerania, Magdeburg, Jülich-Cleves-Berg, and Westphalia. This was encircled by the Order of the Black Eagle and held by two wild men with clubs. Please be advised that the factual accuracy of Wikipedia articles dealing with topics related to the Oder-Neisse Line is often disputed. ... The Lower Rhine Province (red}, within the Kingdom of Prussia (blue), within the German Confederation (member states in black) Capital Koblenz Population - 1816 est. ... Grand Duchy of PoznaÅ„ (Polish: Wielkie KsiÄ™stwo PoznaÅ„skie, German: GroÃŸherzogtum Posen) was an autonomous province of the Kingdom of Prussia in the Polish lands commonly known as Great Poland between the years 1815-1848. ... The Province of Saxony (German Provinz Sachsen) was a Prussian province between the Napoleonic Wars of 1815 and 1947. ... Pomerania and the other Provinces of Prussia in the German Empire. ... To meet Wikipedias quality standards, this article or section may require cleanup. ... JÃ¼lich-Cleves-Berg was a combination of states of the Holy Roman Empire. ... Westphalia and the other Provinces of Prussia in the German Empire. ...

On December 7, 1849, the Swabian lines of Hohenzollern-Sigmaringen and Hohenzollern-Hechingen were annexed by Frederick William IV, who had followed his father on July 7, 1840. December 7 is the 341st day (342nd in leap years) of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... 1849 was a common year starting on Monday (see link for calendar). ... This article or section does not cite its references or sources. ... Hohenzollern-Sigmaringen is the cadet branch of the senior Swabian branch of the Hohenzollern dynasty, less known however than the Franconian branch which became Burgraves of Nuremberg and later ruled Brandenburg, Prussia and ultimately Germany in the centuries to 1918. ... Hohenzollern-Hechingen is a branch of the senior Swabian branch of the Hohenzollern dynasty, less known however than the Franconian branch which became Burgraves of Nuremberg and later ruled Brandenburg, Prussia and ultimately Germany in the centuries to 1918. ... King Frederick William IV of Prussia (October 15, 1795 - January 2, 1861), the eldest son and successor of Frederick William III of Prussia, reigned as King of Prussia from 1840 to 1861. ... July 7 is the 188th day of the year (189th in leap years) in the Gregorian Calendar, with 177 days remaining. ... 1840 is a leap year starting on Wednesday (link will take you to calendar). ...

Frederick William IV was followed by his brother William I on January 2, 1861. He changed the arms on 11 January 1864 by combining the escutcheons of Nuremberg and Hohenzollern. After the Second War of Schleswig of 1864 and the Austro-Prussian War of 1866, Prussia annexed Schleswig, Holstein, Hanover, and Hesse-Kassel. King William I of Prussia became William I, German Emperor on 18th January 1871 during the unification of Germany. The Kingdom of Prussia became the predominant state in the newly-created German Empire. William I (William Frederick Louis) (March 22, 1797 â€“ March 9, 1888), (German: Wilhelm I., Deutscher Kaiser und KÃ¶nig von PreuÃŸen), ruled January 18, 1871 â€“ 9 March 1888 as German Emperor and 2 January 1861 â€“ 9 March 1888 as King of Prussia. ... January 2 is the second day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... 1861 is a common year starting on Tuesday. ... January 11 is the 11th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... 1864 (MDCCCLXIV) was a leap year starting on Friday (see link for calendar) of the Gregorian calendar or a leap year starting on Sunday of the 12-day-slower Julian calendar. ... To meet Wikipedias quality standards, this article or section may require cleanup. ... Combatants Austria, Saxony, Bavaria, Baden, WÃ¼rttemberg, Hanover and some minor German States (formerly as the Deutscher Bund) Prussia, Italy and some minor German States Strength 600,000 Austrians and German allies 500,000 Prussians and German allies 300,000 Italians Casualties 20,000 dead or wounded 37,000 dead... The region of Schleswig (former English name: Sleswick, Danish: SÃ¸nderjylland or Slesvig, Low German: Sleswig, North Frisian: Slaswik or Sleesweg) covers the area about 60 km north and 70 km south of the border between Germany and Denmark. ... Holstein (Hol-shtayn) (Low German: Holsteen, Danish: Holsten, Latin and historical English: Holsatia) is the southern part of Schleswig-Holstein in Germany, between the rivers Elbe and Eider. ... -1... Hesse-Kassel (Hessen-Kassel in German) was a German principality that came into existence when the Landgraviate of Hesse was divided in 1568 upon the death of Landgrave Philip I of Hesse. ... (Redirected from 18th January) January 18 is the 18th day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar. ... 1871 (MDCCCLXXI) was a common year starting on Sunday (see link for calendar). ... The German Empire of 1871. ... Flag of Prussia (1894 - 1918) The Kingdom of Prussia existed from 1701 until 1918, and from 1871 was the leading kingdom of the German Empire, comprising in its last form almost two-thirds of the area of the Empire. ... Motto: Gott mit Uns (German: God with usâ€) Anthem: Heil dir im Siegerkranz (unofficial) Territory of the German Empire in 1914, prior to World War I Capital Berlin Official language(s) German Minor language(s) Polish (Posen, Upper Silesia, Masuria) French (Elsass-Lothringen) Government Constitutional Monarchy - First Kaiser Wilhelm I...

William decreed new arms on August 16, 1873. The number of quarters was again 48 with three escutcheons. Added were the collars of the Order of the House of Hohenzollern and the the Order of the Prussian Crown. The motto was placed on the dome of the pavilion. August 16 is the 228th day of the year (229th in leap years) in the Gregorian Calendar. ... 1873 (MDCCCLXXIII) was a common year starting on Wednesday (see link for calendar). ...

The middle arms of 1873 show more clearly the changes by the additions of Schleswig-Holstein, Hanover, and Hesse-Kassel and the removals of Magdeburg and Cleves-Jülich-Berg. ^[6] Schleswig-Holstein is the northernmost of the 16 Bundesländer in Germany. ... Hanover (German: Hannover []), on the river Leine, is the capital of the federal state of Lower Saxony (Niedersachsen), Germany. ... Hesse-Kassel (Hessen-Kassel in German) was a German principality that came into existence when the Landgraviate of Hesse was divided in 1568 upon the death of Landgrave Philip I of Hesse. ... To meet Wikipedias quality standards, this article or section may require cleanup. ...

References

Contents

Background

History of arms

References

See also