Cathedral of St.Colman

St. Colman’s Cathedral is a Roman Catholic Cathedral located in Cobh, Ireland. It is the cathedral church of the Diocese of Cloyne. The Cathedral of Saint Colman is a large, elaborately detailed neo-Gothic building. It is prominently sited overlooking Cork harbour and visible for quite a distance. Local people are generally very proud of it and tourists often climb the steep hill to admire and photograph it. The historian Emmet Larkin has called it "the most ambitious building project undertaken by the Church in nineteenth-century Ireland", and Frederick O'Dwyer states that it was "certainly the most costly Irish ecclesiastical building of the Victorian era". [1] [2] [[Image:CobhCathedralAboveTheTown.jpg|thumb|250px|Cobh Cathedral ImageMetadata File history File links Download high resolution version (1944x2592, 943 KB) Cathedral of St Colman in Cobh Ireland slight fog can be seen. ... ImageMetadata File history File links Download high resolution version (1944x2592, 943 KB) Cathedral of St Colman in Cobh Ireland slight fog can be seen. ... The Roman Catholic Church, most often spoken of simply as the Catholic Church, is the largest Christian church, with over one billion members. ... For other uses, see Cathedral (disambiguation). ... WGS-84 (GPS) Coordinates: , Irish Grid Reference W793666 Statistics Province: Munster County: Elevation: 47 m (154 ft} Population (2006)  - Town:  - Rural:   6,517  6,370 Website: www. ... The Diocese of Cloyne is a Roman Catholic diocese located in in Ireland. ... Saint Colman of Cloyne (also known as Saint Colman Mac Leinin) (522-600) was founder and patron of the See of Cloyne in Ireland. ... Neo-gothic architecture is an American branch of the Gothic revival style that was imported from England in the 1830s. ... Cork Harbour is the second largest natural harbour in the world by navigational area. ... Queen Victoria (shown here on the morning of her accession to the Throne, 20 June 1837) gave her name to the historic era The Victorian era of the United Kingdom marked the height of the British Industrial Revolution and the apex of the British Empire. ...

Cobh Cathedral probably enjoys the most advantageous position of any Irish cathedral. Because of its superb hillside site, it dominates the quay in a most imposing way, standing proudly clear of all neighbouring buildings. The exterior detail is intricate, elegant and well proportioned in a way typical of French sophistication. Its south front faces out to the sea, and viewed from the town, it bristles with flying buttresses, gargoyles, spirelets and pinnacles, giving the impression of a great Bucentaur A buttress (and mostly concealed, a flying buttress) supporting walls at the Palace of Westminster Three different types of buttress: diagonal, on the statues plinth; an ordinary buttress supporting a flying buttress, to the right of the statue; a small ordinary buttress to the right side of the picture... This article is about gargoyles, the statues. ... Departure of the Bucentaur, by Francesco Guardi (1712-1793): in the distance at the right, the Doges Palace, the Piazzetta, the campanile and the domes of St Marks The Bucentaur (from Venetian bucintoro) was the state galley of the doges of Venice, on which, every year on Ascension...

St. Joseph West Door

sailing in state along the horizon. Image File history File links Metadata Size of this preview: 449 × 599 pixelsFull resolution (461 × 615 pixel, file size: 57 KB, MIME type: image/jpeg) Photo taken by MacLeinin 2006 I, the copyright holder of this work, hereby release it into the public domain. ... Image File history File links Metadata Size of this preview: 449 × 599 pixelsFull resolution (461 × 615 pixel, file size: 57 KB, MIME type: image/jpeg) Photo taken by MacLeinin 2006 I, the copyright holder of this work, hereby release it into the public domain. ...

Architectural syle

Cobh Cathedral is in Early French Decorated Gothic style and is one the best examples of the Gothic Revival in 19th century Ireland. The architects were E.W. Pugin, George Ashlin and Thomas Coleman. The clerk of works was Charles Guilfoyle Doran. The ground plan is in the form of a Latin cross with long arm extending from east to west. The cathedral was begun in 1868 and finally completed in 1915 a total of 47 years. The foundation stone was laid on 30 September, 1868 by Bishop William Keane. The roof was completed in 1879 and that same year the first Mass was celebrated on June 15 by Bishop John McCarthy. Building of the spire, the last of the major external works was completed in March 1915. Victoria Tower at the Palace of Westminster, London: Gothic details provided by A.W.N. Pugin The Gothic revival was a European architectural movement with origins in mid-18th century England. ... (Image) Edward Welby Pugin (1834-1875)was the eldest son of Augustus Welby Northmore Pugin, a famous architect & designer of Gothic architecture. ... George Ashlin (1837-1921) Irish Architect George Coppinger Ashlin as born on May 28, 1837, in a house named “Carrigrenane” in Little Island, Co Cork. ... BISHOP WILLIAM KEANE 1805-1874 Bishop of Diocese of Cloyne 1857-1874 Motto: Caritas Christi Urget Nos – The Charity of Christ Inspires (or Urges) Us William Keane was born on April 7th, 1805 at Castelmartyr Co. ... BISHOP JOHN McCARTHY (1815 – 1893) Bishop of Diocese of Cloyne 1874-1893 Motto : Forti et Fideli nihil difficile – Nothing is difficult for the strong and the faithful John McCarthy was born on June 15th 1815 in Fermoy Co Cork. ...

E.W. Pugin's South Elevation 1869

Image File history File links No higher resolution available. ... Image File history File links No higher resolution available. ...

Description and materials

It consists of an aisled nave of seven bays with triforium and clerestory, transepts with eartern chapels, an apsidal chancel, and a tower and spire at the south-west corner of the nave. The cathedral measures 64m long and 36.5m at the transepts. Great rose windows set within high pointed arches and flanked by octagonal turrets adorn the west front and the transepts.

Christ Enthroned: Tympan of the West Portal

The basic building material is blue Dalkey granite with cut stone dressing of Mallow limestone. Newry granite is used in the tower, with red Aberdeen granite in the pillars of the west front and the piers at the entrance of the nave. The roof is blue Belgian slate. Bath stone and Portland stone are used to line the inner walls. Red Midleton marble is used in the shrines and in the first confessionals on both aisles; the remaining confessionals are of red Aberdeen granite. Image File history File links No higher resolution available. ... Image File history File links No higher resolution available. ... Mallow is the common name of several closely related genera of plant in the family Malvaceae: Althaea – Marsh mallow Callirhoe – Poppy mallow Kosteletzkya – Seashore mallow Lavatera – Tree mallow or rose mallow Malacothamnus – Santa Cruz Island bush-mallow Malva – Mallow Malvaviscus – Turks cap mallow Sidalcea – Greek mallow Sphaeralcea – Globemallow Plants... , Newry (from the Irish: Iúr Cinn Trá meaning The Yew Tree at the Head of the Strand, short form An tIúr, The Yew) is the fourth largest city in Northern Ireland and eighth on the island of Ireland. ... The Cenotaph, in Whitehall, London, England, is made from Portland stone Portland stone is limestone from the Jurassic period quarried on the Isle of Portland, Dorset. ... WGS-84 (GPS) Coordinates: , Irish Grid Reference W879736 Statistics Province: Munster County: Elevation: 47 m (154 ft) Population (2006)  - Town:  - Rural:   3,914  6,422 Website: www. ...

The Trumeau of the West Portal

The nave is separated from the aisles by piers of red Fermoy marble resting on bases of white Italian marble and plinths of Liscarroll limestone. The piers have richly sculpted capitals of foliage and human heads and support the tall slender clustered columns of the triforium executed in red Aberdeen granite; they in turn support the spinging of the arches of the clerestory windows and the vaulted roof of Californian pitchpine. The Stations of the Cross are of Caen stone. The clustered respond columns at the end of the north aisle are of black Kilkenny marble. Image File history File links Metadata Size of this preview: 449 × 599 pixelsFull resolution (461 × 615 pixel, file size: 56 KB, MIME type: image/jpeg) Photo taken by MacLenin 2006 I, the copyright holder of this work, hereby release it into the public domain. ... Image File history File links Metadata Size of this preview: 449 × 599 pixelsFull resolution (461 × 615 pixel, file size: 56 KB, MIME type: image/jpeg) Photo taken by MacLenin 2006 I, the copyright holder of this work, hereby release it into the public domain. ... WGS-84 (GPS) Coordinates: 52. ... , Aberdeen (IPA: ; Scottish Gaelic: ) is Scotlands third largest city with an official population of 202,370. ... Caen (pronounced /kɑ̃/) is a commune of northwestern France. ... WGS-84 (GPS) Coordinates: 52. ...

Baptistery and Mortuary Chapel

The baptistery, at the entrance to the north side,

Baptisty Cobh Catheral designed by E.W. Pugin

[3] is enclosed by a low rail of white Italian marble. The octagonal font[4] is of white marble, and the cupola-shaped cover is of burnished brass. The windows depict the baptism of Christ in the Jordan by St. John, and the baptism of the daughters of the King of Ireland [5] by St. Patrick. The Mortuary Chapel [6] in the base of the tower has an altar of black Kilkenny marble and displays representations of the instruments of the Passion. The stained glass is by Early & Powell of Dublin. Image File history File links Metadata No higher resolution available. ... Image File history File links Metadata No higher resolution available. ... Christ is the English term for the Greek word (Christós), which literally means The Anointed One. ... For the hip-hop producer with the same name, see John the Baptist (producer). ... Statue of Saint Patrick Saint Patrick (died March 17, 462, 492, or 493), is the patron saint of Ireland. ...

Chancel and chapels

The very high chancel arch [7] is supported by clustered respond columns; the chancel floor is paved with mosaic [8], and the sanctuary piers are of green Connemara marble. Italian white marble is also used in the communion rail, which rests on red marble colonettes, and in the altar tables. The screens, throne [9], stalls and pulpit are of Austrian oak. Connemara (Irish Conamara), which derives from Conmhaicne Mara (meaning: descendants of Con Mhac, of the sea), is a district in the west of Ireland (County Galway). ...

Baptistry window by Mayer & Co

The chancel is flanked by twin chapels on both the north and south. Immediately to the north of the high altar is the Lady Chapel with an altar [10] by Early & Powell and a mosaic floor [11]. Beyond the Lady Chapel is the Blessed Thaddeus Chapel which commemorated Thaddeus MacCarthy, Bishop of Cork and Cloyne, 1490-1492, who was beatified by Pope Leo XIII in 1895. Image File history File links Size of this preview: 259 × 600 pixelsFull resolution (481 × 1114 pixel, file size: 88 KB, MIME type: image/jpeg) Photo taken by MacLeinin 2005 I, the copyright holder of this work, hereby release it into the public domain. ... Image File history File links Size of this preview: 259 × 600 pixelsFull resolution (481 × 1114 pixel, file size: 88 KB, MIME type: image/jpeg) Photo taken by MacLeinin 2005 I, the copyright holder of this work, hereby release it into the public domain. ... Events Tirant Lo Blanc by Joanot Martorell, Martí Joan De Galba is published. ... Not to be confused with 1492: Conquest of Paradise. ... Pope Leo XIII (March 2, 1810 – July 20, 1903), born Vincenzo Gioacchino Raffaele Luigi Pecci, was Pope of the Roman Catholic Church, having succeeded Pope Pius IX (1846–78) on February 20, 1878 and reigning until his death in 1903. ... Year 1895 (MDCCCXCV) was a common year starting on Tuesday (link will display full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar (or a common year starting on Sunday of the 12-day-slower Julian calendar). ...

To the south of the High Altar is the Sacred Heart Chapel [12]. The altar is of Sicilian marble; the antependium is of Carrara marble with a background of red marble. The mosaic floor [13] [14] depicts the power of the Sacred Heart, with the encircling inscription Super Apsidem et Basiliscum ambulabis et conculabis Leonem et Draconem (Thou shalt walk on the Asp and the Basilisk and thou shalt trample under foot the Lion and the Dragon). Typical illustration of the Sacred Heart of Jesus Christ The Sacred Heart is a religious devotion to Jesus physical heart. ... The altar in St. ... Carrara is a city in the Massa Carrara province of Tuscany, Italy, famous for the white or blue-gray marble quarried there. ... Mosaic is the art of decoration with small pieces of colored glass, stone or other material. ...

Adjacent to the Sacred Heart Chapel is the Chapel of the Pieta, a memorial to Bishop William Keane, which is used as a requien chapel. The altar is of Sicilian marble and the antependium of Carrara marble. The columns are of black Kilkenny marble. The theme is in the window above the altar, which depicts the Raising of Lazarus, and the side windows, which show the Sorrowful Mysteries. This article is about a form of art. ... BISHOP WILLIAM KEANE 1805-1874 Bishop of Diocese of Cloyne 1857-1874 Motto: Caritas Christi Urget Nos – The Charity of Christ Inspires (or Urges) Us William Keane was born on April 7th, 1805 at Castelmartyr Co. ... Sicily (Sicilia in Italian and Sicilian) is an autonomous region of Italy and the largest island in the Mediterranean Sea, with an area of 25,708 km² (9,926 sq. ... Resurrection of Lazarus by Juan de Flandes, around 1500 For other uses, see Lazarus (disambiguation). ... Our Lady of Lourdes - Mary appearing at Lourdes with Rosary Beads The Rosary (from Latin rosarium, crown of roses), is an important and traditional devotion of the Catholic Church consisting of a set of prayer beads and a system of set prayers. ...

Cobh

In 1868, when the Cathedral was begun, Cobh or Queenstown as it was WGS-84 (GPS) Coordinates: , Irish Grid Reference W793666 Statistics Province: Munster County: Elevation: 47 m (154 ft} Population (2006)  - Town:  - Rural:   6,517  6,370 Website: www. ...

Chancel Arch

then called, was a relatively prosperous place. This was because it was Ireland's principal emigration outlet. More than five million people emigrated from Ireland in the nineteenth century - mainly to the United States, Australia and Canada and a large proportion of them left from Queenstown. The town's existing Catholic Church which was constructed in 1808 and added to afterwards, began to seem inadequate. A meeting of the Queenstown parishioners was therefore called in January 1858, and the following resolution was passed: Image File history File links Size of this preview: 450 × 600 pixelsFull resolution (480 × 640 pixel, file size: 81 KB, MIME type: image/jpeg) Photo taken 2005 I, the copyright holder of this work, hereby release it into the public domain. ... Image File history File links Size of this preview: 450 × 600 pixelsFull resolution (480 × 640 pixel, file size: 81 KB, MIME type: image/jpeg) Photo taken 2005 I, the copyright holder of this work, hereby release it into the public domain. ...

Considering the very insufficient and in several respects unsatisfactory accommodation which our present parish church is capable of affording; and considering also the rising importance and increasing respectability of this town, it is incumbent on us as Catholics who revere our religion and are anxious to see it respected to provide a more suitable Church for the celebration of the Divine Worship.

The Cathedral committee, composed of respectable local citizens, was the official decision-making body in the building of the cathedral. The bishop usually presided at meetings, the parish clergy attended, and the current administrator acted as secretary.

Architectural competition

The committee decided in January 1867 to hold an architectural competition and George Goldie (1828-1887), J. J. McCarthy (1817-1882), and the architectural partnership of E.W. Pugin (1834-1875) and G.C. Ashlin (1837-1921) were invited to submit plans. James Joseph McCarthy (1817-1882) was an Irish architect, often referred to as the Irish Pugin. // James Joseph McCarthy was born in Dublin on 6 January 1817, son of Charles McCarthy who came of a Co. ...

This competition took place in 1859 and E.W. Pugin’s office was awarded the commission. E.W. Pugin eldest son of the famous Gothic Revival architect (A.W. N.) Augustus Pugin (1812-1852), had taken over his father’s practice after his death, but found Irish commissions difficult to organise from his base in England. George Goldie (who designed Sligo Cathedral) and J. J. McCarthy (who designed St. Patrick's Cathedral, Armagh, Derry Cathedral, Monaghan Cathedral and Thurles Cathedral) were invited to submit designs, but both spoiled their chances by suggesting amendments to the conditions of the competition. (Image) Edward Welby Pugin (1834-1875)was the eldest son of Augustus Welby Northmore Pugin, a famous architect & designer of Gothic architecture. ... Augustus Welby Northmore Pugin (March 1, 1812–September 14, 1852) was an English-born architect, designer and theorist of design now best remembered for his work on churches and on the Houses of Parliament. ... James Joseph McCarthy (1817-1882) was an Irish architect, often referred to as the Irish Pugin. // James Joseph McCarthy was born in Dublin on 6 January 1817, son of Charles McCarthy who came of a Co. ... There are two St. ...

In 1859, therefore, he decided to take on his young Irish pupil George Ashlin, as a partner, to run the Irish side of the business. The partnership lasted from 1859 until August 1868 dissolving ‘while the firm was at the height of their negotiations concerning St. Colman’s Cathedral’.

After the split, Ashlin took over their unfinished commissions. E.W. Pugin died suddenly in June 1875, aged only 42; Ashlin, however, lived to supervise the building to completion. By 1864 it had been decided that the proposed building would function not only as a parish church but as a cathedral for the Diocese of Cloyne. The original thirteenth century cathedral of the diocese, situated in the small east Cork town of Cloyne, was owned by the Church of Ireland. Queenstown, as the largest town in the diocese, seemed a better location for the Catholic Cathedral. The building would be dedicated to the diocesan founder, St. Colman (522 - 600). [[Image:CobhCathedralAboveTheTown.jpg|thumb|250px|Cobh Cathedral The Diocese of Cloyne is a Roman Catholic diocese located in in Ireland. ... The Church of Ireland (Irish: ) is an autonomous province of the Anglican Communion, operating seamlessly across the border between the Republic of Ireland and Northern Ireland. ...

Bishop patrons

The bishop patrons involved in the construction of St. Colman's Cathedral were Bishop William Keane, Bishop John McCarthy and Bishop Robert Browne. BISHOP WILLIAM KEANE 1805-1874 Bishop of Diocese of Cloyne 1857-1874 Motto: Caritas Christi Urget Nos – The Charity of Christ Inspires (or Urges) Us William Keane was born on April 7th, 1805 at Castelmartyr Co. ... BISHOP JOHN McCARTHY (1815 – 1893) Bishop of Diocese of Cloyne 1874-1893 Motto : Forti et Fideli nihil difficile – Nothing is difficult for the strong and the faithful John McCarthy was born on June 15th 1815 in Fermoy Co Cork. ... BISHOP ROBERT BROWNE 1844 – 1936 Bishop of the Diocese of Cloyne Motto: Deus Adjutor Meus - God will Judge Me. ...

Construction and costs

The old church was demolished, and construction of the new building was begun in February 1868. The preparatory work was difficult and expensive; the widening of the roadway on the seaward side required the construction of a "high, long, and thick wall of solid mason work" and because the foundations were dug from steeply sloping rock, "it was necessary in some parts to sink 24 ft. (7.3m) below the level of the future floor of the church, while in other parts a firm bottom was found at a depth of only 4 feet". The first sod of the foundations was turned on 25 April,1868 and the foundation stone was laid on July 15, 1868. The foundations were completed by June 1869. is the 196th day of the year (197th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1868 (MDCCCLXVIII) was a leap year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian Calendar (or a leap year starting on Monday of the 12-day slower Julian calendar). ...

The orginial estimated cost was £33,000, but when the walls had reached c. 12 ft. (3.5m) Bishop Keane decided on a more elaborate plan at a substantially increased cost. The final cost of the building rose to £235,000. Bishop Keane's (d.1874) successors, Bishop John McCarthy (1874-1893) and Bishop Robert Browne, (1894-1935) faithfully continued with the revised plans, and enough of the building had been completed to enable Bishop McCarthy to celebrate Mass in the catedral for the first time onJune 15, 1879. No work was done in the years 1883-1889 due to lack of funds. Year 1874 (MDCCCLXXIV) was a common year starting on Thursday (link with display the full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar (or a common year starting on Saturday of the 12-day slower Julian calendar). ... BISHOP JOHN McCARTHY (1815 – 1893) Bishop of Diocese of Cloyne 1874-1893 Motto : Forti et Fideli nihil difficile – Nothing is difficult for the strong and the faithful John McCarthy was born on June 15th 1815 in Fermoy Co Cork. ... Year 1893 (MDCCCXCIII) was a common year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar (or a common year starting on Tuesday of the 12-day slower Julian calendar). ... BISHOP ROBERT BROWNE 1844 – 1936 Bishop of the Diocese of Cloyne Motto: Deus Adjutor Meus - God will Judge Me. ... 1894 (MDCCCXCIV) was a common year starting on Monday (see link for calendar). ... 1935 (MCMXXXV) was a common year starting on Tuesday (link will display full calendar). ... This article or section is in need of attention from an expert on the subject. ... is the 166th day of the year (167th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... 1879 (MDCCCLXXIX) was a common year starting on Wednesday (see link for calendar). ... Year 1883 (MDCCCLXXXIII) was a common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar (or a common year starting on Saturday of the 12-day slower Julian calendar). ... Year 1889 (MDCCCLXXXIX) was a common year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar (or a common year starting on Thursday of the 12-day slower Julian calendar). ...

Last phase

The last phase of the building work began in 1911 with the construction of the octagonal limestone spire. Three years later, on September 24 1914, a 10.8ft. (3.3) high bronze cross, blessed by Bishop Browne, was raised on the pinnacle of the 295ft. (90m) spire and the cathedral was complete. The last scaffolding around the tower was removed in March 1915, and the bells installed in May 1916. Year 1911 (MCMXI) was a common year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar (or a common year starting on Saturday of the 13-day-slower Julian calendar). ... September 24 is the 267th day of the year (268th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1915 (MCMXV) was a common year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar (or a common year starting on Thursday[1] of the 13-day-slower Julian calendar). ... 1916 (MCMXVI) was a leap year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar). ...

On August 12, 1919,more than half a century after the foundation stone was laid, the completed cathedral was solemnly consecrated. is the 224th day of the year (225th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1919 (MCMXIX) was a common year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar). ...

Bishop Robert Browne consecrating Cathedral, 1919

Image File history File links Size of this preview: 785 × 600 pixelsFull resolution (838 × 640 pixel, file size: 324 KB, MIME type: image/jpeg) Photo taken by Fr. ... Image File history File links Size of this preview: 785 × 600 pixelsFull resolution (838 × 640 pixel, file size: 324 KB, MIME type: image/jpeg) Photo taken by Fr. ...

Craftsmen

The mosaics in Cobh Cathedral are by the firm of Ludwig Oppenheimer of Manchester,[15]and much of the stained glass is by Franz Mayer & Co. of Munich. [16][17] The pulpit, [18] Sanctuary screens, Sedilia and Cathedra[19] are by Beakey, Dublin. Ludwig Oppenheimer was a mosaic artist. ... Strictly speaking, stained glass is glass that has been painted with silver stain and then fired. ... Franz Mayer and Co. ... Ajax prepares to violate the sanctuary of Athena by abducting Cassandra by force: red-figure vase, c. ... Sedilia at Grendon church The sedilia (the plural of Lat. ... The cathedra of the Pope in the apse of St. ...

Other stained glass is by Hardman & Co., Birmingham,[20] Early & Powell, Dublin and Cox and Buckley of Youghal, Co. Cork. Hardman & Co. ... Birmingham (pron. ...

High Altar and Lady Altar are by Early & Powell. [21]

Memorial Altar, Mortuary Altar, and Sacred Heart Altar are by J. O'Connell, Cork. Typical illustration of the Sacred Heart of Jesus Christ The Sacred Heart is a religious devotion to Jesus physical heart. ...

Builders involved included, McMullen, Cork, J.Sisk, Cork, Coffey of Midleton, and J. Maguire, Cork. WGS-84 (GPS) Coordinates: , Irish Grid Reference W879736 Statistics Province: Munster County: Elevation: 47 m (154 ft) Population (2006)  - Town:  - Rural:   3,914  6,422 Website: www. ...

Bibliography

• Patrick Thompson, Guide to St. Colman's Cathedral, Cobh, revised edition,Carraig Print,Cork.
• Jeremy Williams, A Companion Guide to Architecture in Ireland 1837-1921, Irish Academic Press' 1994.
• Paul Atterbury and Clive Wainwright, Pugin, Yale University Press 1994.
• Paul Atterbury, A.W.N. Pugin: A Master of Gothic Revival, Yale University Press 1995
• Bernard J. Canning, Bishops of Ireland 1870-1987, Donegal Democrat, 1987