? Xanthium
Scientific classification
Kingdom: Plantae Division: Magnoliophyta Class: Magnoliopsida Order: Asterales Family: Asteraceae Genus: Xanthium L.
Species
See text Image File history File links Download high resolution version (600x873, 98 KB)Photo by Robert H. Mohlenbrock. ... Scientific classification or biological classification is how biologists group and categorize extinct and living species of organisms. ... Divisions Land plants (embryophytes) Non-vascular plants (bryophytes) Marchantiophyta - liverworts Anthocerotophyta - hornworts Bryophyta - mosses Vascular plants (tracheophytes) Lycopodiophyta - clubmosses Equisetophyta - horsetails Pteridophyta - true ferns Psilotophyta - whisk ferns Ophioglossophyta - adderstongues Seed plants (spermatophytes) †Pteridospermatophyta - seed ferns Pinophyta - conifers Cycadophyta - cycads Ginkgophyta - ginkgo Gnetophyta - gnetae Magnoliophyta - flowering plants Adiantum pedatum (a fern... Classes Magnoliopsida - Dicots Liliopsida - Monocots The flowering plants (also angiosperms or Magnoliophyta) are one of the major groups of modern plants, comprising those that produce seeds in specialized reproductive organs called flowers, where the ovulary or carpel is enclosed. ... Orders see text Dicotyledons or dicots are flowering plants whose seed contains two embryonic leaves or cotyledons. ... Families See text The Asterales are an order of dicotyledonous flowering plants which include the composite family Asteraceae (sunflowers and daisies) and its related families. ... Genera many, see list The aster or sunflower family (Family Asteraceae or, alternatively Family Compositae) is a taxon of dicotyledonous flowering plants. ... Carolus Linnaeus Carl Linnaeus, also known after his ennoblement as Carl von Linné ▶(?), and in English usually under the Latinized name Carolus Linnaeus (May 23, 1707 – January 10, 1778), was a Swedish botanist who laid the foundations for the modern scheme of taxonomy. ...

The Cockleburs are flowering plants of the genus Xanthium, part of the daisy family Asteraceae. They are coarse, herbaceous annual plants that produce seeds in the form of hard, spiny, football-shaped burs that stick to fur and clothing and can be quite difficult to extract. Classes Magnoliopsida - Dicots Liliopsida - Monocots The flowering plants (also called angiosperms) are a major group of land plants. ... In biology, a genus (plural genera) is a grouping in the classification of living organisms having one or more related and morphologically similar species. ... Genera many, see list The aster or sunflower family (Family Asteraceae or, alternatively Family Compositae) is a taxon of dicotyledonous flowering plants. ... A herb (pronounced hurb in Commonwealth English and urb in American English) is a plant grown for culinary, medicinal, or in some cases even spiritual value. ... An annual is a plant that usually germinates, flowers and dies in one year. ...

Cockleburs produce two kinds of flowers. One kind, in short terminal branches, produces only pollen. The other kind, in clusters in the axils of the leaves, produces seed. Wildflowers Flower (Latin flos, floris; French fleur), a term popularly used for the bloom or blossom of a plant, is the reproductive structure of those plants classified as angiosperms (flowering plants; Division Magnoliophyta). ... SEM image of pollen grains from a variety of common plants: sunflower (Helianthus annuus), morning glory (Ipomea purpurea), hollyhock (Sildalcea malviflora), lily (Lilium auratum), primrose (Oenothera fruticosa), and castor bean (Ricinus communis). ... In botany, a leaf is an above-ground plant organ specialized for photosynthesis. ...

The seeds are typically enclosed in a one-seeded fruit, called an achene. Unlike many other members of the family Asteraceae, whose seeds are airborne with a plume of silky hairs resembling miniature parachutes, the achene of the cocklebur are enclosed in a small, hard, double-chambered, oval bur about 3/4" long. It is covered with stiff, hooked spines. This plant reproduces only by means of its seed. These remarkable burred seeds have allowed this plant to be carried all over the world by unsuspecting travelers. An achene is a type of simple dry fruit produced by many species of flowering plants. ...

Cockleburs are short-day plants, meaning they only flower when the nights are long. They can bloom in the tropics where the days are short and the nights are long, thus greatly increasing their range and potential for seed production. In North America, cockleburs typically bloom during the fall months when the days are shorter and the nights longer. They will not bloom during the long days of summer or near a street light. World map showing North America A satellite composite image of North America North America is a continent in the northern hemisphere bordered on the north by the Arctic Ocean, on the east by the North Atlantic Ocean, on the south by the Caribbean Sea, and on the west by the...

Dangers and uses

The Common Cocklebur (X. strumarium) is a native of North America where Carolina Parakeet was used to control it that has become a noxious weed worldwide. It invades agricultural lands and can be poisonous to livestock. Some domestic animals will avoid consuming the plant if other forage is present, but less discriminating animals, such as pigs, will consume the plants and then sicken and die. Seedlings and seeds are the most toxic parts of the plants. World map showing North America A satellite composite image of North America North America is a continent in the northern hemisphere bordered on the north by the Arctic Ocean, on the east by the North Atlantic Ocean, on the south by the Caribbean Sea, and on the west by the... Binomial name Conuropsis carolinensis (Linneaus, 1758) Mounted specimen of Conuropsis carolinensis, Museum Wiesbaden, Germany The Carolina Parakeet (Conuropsis carolinensis) was the only parrot species native to the eastern United States. ... This article is about unwanted plants. ... The skull and crossbones symbol traditionally used to label a poisonous substance. ... Sheep are commonly bred as livestock. ... Species Sus barbatus Sus bucculentus Sus cebifrons Sus celebensis Sus domesticus Sus heureni Sus philippensis Sus salvanius Sus scrofa Sus timoriensis Sus verrucosus Pigs are ungulates native to Eurasia collectively grouped under the genus Sus within the Suidae family. ... SEED is a block cipher developed by the Korean Information Security Agency. ... For a list of biologically injurious substances, including toxins and other materials, as well as their effects, see poison. ...

The plant also has been used for medicinal properties and for making yellow dye. The many species of this plant, which can be found in many areas, may actually be varieties of two or three species.

There are two other interesting uses for cockleburs. Because they readily attach to cloth material, they can be used as "darts" in a cocklebur dart game. Also, sixteen of the spiny burs can be glued together to form a perfect little poodle dog...(Hi Mom)

Some Xanthium species

• X. canadense - Probably a variety of X. strumarium.
• X. commune -
• X. chinense - Probably a variety of X. strumariumm.
• X. echinatum -
• X. glabratum - X. strumarium var. glabratum.
• X. inflexum -
• X. italicum - Probably a variety of X. echinatum.
• X. occidentale - Noogoora burr
• X. sibiricum -
• X. speciosum -
• X. spinosum - Spiny clotbur, Burreed, Bathurst burr.
• X. strumarium - Cocklebur, Clotbur, Rough cocklebur, Large cocklebur, Common Cocklebur.

References

• Robbins, W.W., M.K. Bellue and W.S. Ball. Weeds of California. State Department of Agriculture, Sacramento, California (1941).