The Cocoa Panyols (or Cocoa Payols) are a ethnic group in Trinidad & Tobago. The name comes from the patois word for Spanish, espagnol, and reflects the historical association between the group and the cultivation of cacao in Trinidad(Cocoa Español). Wikipedia does not have an article with this exact name. ... This is a disambiguation page — a navigational aid which lists other pages that might otherwise share the same title. ... Binomial name Theobroma cacao L. Cacao (Theobroma cacao) is a small (4–8 m tall) evergreen tree in the family Sterculiaceae (alternatively Malvaceae), native to tropical Mexico, but now cultivated throughout the tropics. ... Look up Trinidad in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ...

The Spanish community in Trinidad originated in the late sixteenth century (see History of Trinidad and Tobago). After the island fell under British control in 1797, Venezuelans continued to settle in Trinidad, usually in connection with the civil wars and revolutions which followed the Bolivarian revolution. The rise of cocoa cultivation in Trinidad was largely achieved through the importation of Venezuelan peasant farmers. These farmers were employed to clear forest and establish cocoa seedlings. After five or seven years they were paid for each mature cocoa tree on the plot of land. They then moved on to a new plot of land. They are also credited with establishing Parang in Trinidad. The Cocoa Panyols are an ethnic mixture of European, Amerindian and African ancestry. The history of Trinidad and Tobago begins with the settlements of the islands by Amerindians of South American origins. ... 1797 (MDCCXCVII) was a common year starting on Sunday (see link for calendar) of the Gregorian calendar (or a common year starting on Wednesday of the 11-day-slower Julian calendar). ... Simón José Antonio de la Santísima Trinidad Bolívar y Palacios (July 24, 1783 – December 17, 1830) was a South American revolutionary leader. ... Parang is a musical style which fuses together Venezuelan and Calypso influences to create up beat tempos with a Spanish style and is popular in Trinidad & Tobago and various areas of Venezuela. ...

Cocoa Panyols were most prevalent in the cacao-growing areas of the Northern Range (Caura, Lopinot, Arima, Santa Cruz and Maraval) and the Central Range (especially the Montserrat and Tortuga districts). Relocation of the village of Caura for the planned Caura Dam (which was never constructed) led to a major disruption of Cocoa Panyol society. Many families re-located to the Lopinot Valley, but others moved into urban areas and were absorbed into the mainstream of Trinidadian life. In modern multi-ethnic Trinidadian society the Cocoa Panyols are sometimes seen as a vanishing minority. Many Cocoa Panyols merged into the French Creole, Indo-Trinidadian and Afro-Trinidadian communities through intermarriage. In the Paramin Region of Maraval, in the Northern Range, some Cocoa Panyols became integrated into the Patois-speaking communities, giving rise to the Parang tradition in Paramin and the blend of Spanish and French Creole cultures. The Northern Range is the range of tall hills across the northern portion of Trinidad, the major island in the Republic of Trinidad and Tobago. ... The Central Range is a mountain range on the island of Trinidad. ...

The term Spanish is sometimes used synonymously with Cocoa Panyol, but may also be used for Venezuelans or Colombians.

References

• The Cocoa Panyols of Trinidad : An Oral Record - Sylvia Moodie-Kublalsingh ISBN 1-85043-660-6