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Iceland

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Constitution President Ólafur Ragnar Grímsson Prime Minister Geir H. Haarde (Independ.) Althing Ombudsman Political parties Politicians Elections: 2004, 2007 Foreign relations Iceland and the EU Cod War Agreed Minute

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The Cod Wars (also called the Iceland Cod Wars) were a series of confrontations between the United Kingdom and Iceland over Iceland's claims of authority over tracts of ocean off their coastline as being their exclusive fishery zone. The President of Iceland (Icelandic: Forseti Íslands) is Icelands elected head of state. ... Ólafur Ragnar Grímsson Ólafur Ragnar Grímsson (born 14 May 1943, in Ísafjörður, Iceland) is the fifth and current President of Iceland, from 1996 to present, re-elected unopposed in 2000, and was re-elected for a third term in 2004. ... The Prime Minister of Iceland (Icelandic: Forsætisráðherra Íslands) is Icelands head of government. ... Geir Hilmar Haarde (born April 8, 1951) is an Icelandic politician. ... The Althing (Modern Icelandic Alþingi; Old Norse Alþing) is the national parliament: literally, the all-thing (or General Assembly) of Iceland. ... Umboðsmaður Alþingis is appointed by the Alþingi to oversee investigation of complaints against government departments and local governments. ... Political parties in Iceland lists political parties in Iceland. ... Politics of Iceland Categories: Election related stubs | Elections in Iceland ... A presidential election was held in Iceland on Saturday, 26 June 2004. ... The 2007 Icelandic General Elections will be held in the spring of that year for a four year mandate. ... Iceland maintains diplomatic and commercial relations with practically all nations, but its ties with other Nordic states, with the US, and with the other NATO nations are particularly close. ... Iceland is not a member state of the European Union (EU) and has never applied for membership. ... The Agreed Minute is a statute governing the nature of the U.S. military presence in Iceland. ... Information on politics by country is available for every country, including both de jure and de facto independent states, inhabited dependent territories, as well as areas of special sovereignty. ... The worlds oceans as seen from the South Pacific Ocean Oceans (from Okeanos in Greek, the ancient Greeks noticing the strong current that flowed off Gibraltar and assuming it was a great river) cover almost three quarters (71%) of the surface of the Earth, and nearly half of the...

As fish stocks diminished around the world, the scope for confrontation has increased. Throughout the world, examples exist of a nations' fishing fleets committing systematic incursions into fishing areas considered either "protected" or under the jurisdiction of another country. The Guppy (Poecilia reticulata) is one of the most popular freshwater aquarium fish species in the world. ... In law, jurisdiction (from the Latin jus, juris meaning law and dicere meaning to speak) is the practical authority granted to a formally constituted legal body or to a political leader to deal with and make pronouncements on legal matters and, by implication, to administer justice within a defined area...

In 1972, Iceland—whose quarter of a million population was at that time almost exclusively dependent on fishing—unilaterally declared an Exclusive Economic Zone extending beyond its territorial waters, before announcing plans to reduce over-fishing. It policed its quota-system with its coast guard, leading to a series of net-cutting incidents with the British trawlers that fished the areas. As a result, a fleet of British Royal Naval warships and tug-boats was employed to act as a deterrent against any future harassment of British fishing crews by the much smaller Icelandic craft. 1972 (MCMLXXII) was a leap year starting on Saturday. ... Sea areas in international rights In international maritime law, an Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ) is a seazone over which a state has special rights over the exploration and use of marine resources. ... Map of Sealand and the United Kingdom, with territorial water claims of 3nm and 12nm shown. ... A modern Icelandic trawler A trawler is a fishing vessel designed for the purpose of operating a trawl, a net that is dragged along the bottom of the sea (or sometimes above the bottom at a specified depth). ... The Royal Navy of the United Kingdom is the oldest of the British armed services (and is therefore the Senior Service). ... The net cutters, secret weapon of the Icelandic Coast Guard. ...

In 1976, a compromise between the two states allowed a maximum of 24 British trawlers access to the disputed 200 nautical mile (370 km) limit. This did not slow the decline of the British fisheries, severely affecting the economies of northern fishing ports in the UK, such as Grimsby, Hull and Fleetwood. 1976 (MCMLXXVI) was a leap year starting on Thursday. ... A nautical mile is a unit of length. ... Statistics Population: 87,574 Ordnance Survey OS grid reference: TA279087 Administration District: North East Lincolnshire Region: Yorkshire and the Humber Constituent country: England Sovereign state: United Kingdom Other Ceremonial county: North East Lincolnshire Historic county: Lincolnshire Services Police force: Humberside Police Ambulance service: {{{Ambulance}}} Post office and telephone Post town... Hull or Kingston upon Hull is a British city situated on the north bank of the Humber estuary. ... Fleetwood is a town in Lancashire, England, lying at the northern end of the Fylde peninsula but part of the Wyre local authority area. ...

200 nautical mile Exclusive Economic Zones became recognised internationally on November 14, 1994, after having been agreed at the conference on the Third United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea in 1982. 1994 (MCMXCIV) was a common year starting on Saturday of the Gregorian calendar, and was designated as the International Year of the Family and the International Year of the Sport and the Olympic Ideal by United Nations. ... United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea Opened for signature December 10, 1982 in Montego Bay (Jamaica) Entered into force November 16, 1994[1] Conditions for entry into force 60 ratifications Parties 149[2] For maritime law in general see Admiralty law. ... 1982 (MCMLXXXII) was a common year starting on Friday of the Gregorian calendar. ...

The Cod War Of 1893

With the inevitable increases in fishing power enabled by steam power in the latter part of the 19th Century, pressure was exerted on boat owners and skippers to exploit new grounds. Large catches in Icelandic waters meant voyages across the North Atlantic became more regular. As a result, in 1893, the Danish Government, who governed Iceland and the Faroe Islands, claimed a fishing limit of 13 nautical miles (24 km) around their shores. British trawler owners disputed this claim and continued to send their ships to Icelandic waters. Danish gunboats patrolling the area escorted a number of vessels to port, fined them and confiscated their catch. A steam engine is an external combustion heat engine that makes use of the thermal energy that exists in steam, converting it to mechanical work. ... Alternative meaning: Nineteenth Century (periodical) (18th century — 19th century — 20th century — more centuries) As a means of recording the passage of time, the 19th century was that century which lasted from 1801-1900 in the sense of the Gregorian calendar. ... For other uses, see Atlantic (disambiguation) The Atlantic Ocean is Earths second-largest ocean, covering approximately one-fifth of its surface. ... 1893 (MDCCCXCIII) was a common year starting on Sunday (see link for calendar). ... Government Denmark is a constitutional monarchy with an almost unbroken link of monarchs for more than 1,000 years (except for an interregnum of eight years from 1332 to 1340). ... A nautical mile is a unit of length. ... A modern Icelandic trawler A trawler is a fishing vessel designed for the purpose of operating a trawl, a net that is dragged along the bottom of the sea (or sometimes above the bottom at a specified depth). ... A gunboat is literally a boat carrying one or more guns. ...

The British Government did not recognise this claim, on the grounds that setting such a precedent would lead to similar claims by nations which surrounded the North Sea, which would be damaging to the British fishing industry. The United Kingdom is a unitary state and a democratic constitutional monarchy. ... The North Sea is a sea of the Atlantic Ocean, located between the coasts of Norway and Denmark in the east, the coast of the British Isles in the west, and the German, Dutch, Belgian and French coasts in the south. ...

In 1896, the United Kingdom made an agreement with Iceland which allowed for British vessels to use any Icelandic port for shelter, provided they stowed their gear and trawl nets. In return, British vessels were not to fish east of a line from Illunypa to Thornodesker Islet. 1896 (MDCCCXCVI) was a leap year starting on Wednesday (see link for calendar). ...

In April 1899, the steam trawler Caspian, was fishing off the Faroe Islands when a Danish gunboat tried to arrest her for illegally fishing inside the limits. The trawler refused to stop and was fired upon. Eventually the trawler was caught, but before going aboard the Danish vessel, the skipper ordered his fishing mate to make a dash for it. The Caspian set off at full speed. The gunboat fired several shots, but could not catch up with the trawler, which returned heavily damaged to Grimsby. On board the Danish gunboat, the skipper of the Caspian was lashed to the mast. A court held at Thorshavn convicted him on several counts including illegal fishing and attempted assault and was jailed for thirty days. 1899 (MDCCCXCIX) was a common year starting on Sunday (see link for calendar). ... A gunboat is literally a boat carrying one or more guns. ... Categories: Faroe Islands | Europe geography stubs ...

With many British trawlers being charged and fined by Danish gunboats for fishing illegally within the 13 mile (24.1 km) limit (which the British Government did not recognise), the British press began to enquire why this Danish action against British interests was allowed to continue without intervention by the Royal Navy. The issue was left largely unresolved, and the reduction in fishing activity brought about by the First World War effectively ended the dispute. // National newspapers Traditionally newspapers could be split into quality, serious-minded newspapers (usually referred to as Broadsheets due to their large size) and tabloid, less serious newspapers. ... The Royal Navy of the United Kingdom is the oldest of the British armed services (and is therefore the Senior Service). ... Ypres, 1917, in the vicinity of the Battle of Passchendaele. ...

The First Cod War

The First Cod War lasted from 1 September until 12 November 1958. It began as soon as a new Icelandic law that expanded the Icelandic fishery zone from 4 nautical miles (nm) to 12 nm (from 7.4 to 22.2 km), came into force at midnight of 1 September. September 1 is the 244th day of the year (245th in leap years). ... November 12 is the 316th day of the year (317th in leap years) in the Gregorian Calendar, with 49 days remaining. ... 1958 (MCMLVIII) was a common year starting on Wednesday of the Gregorian calendar. ... A nautical mile is a unit of length. ... September 1 is the 244th day of the year (245th in leap years). ...

The British declared that their trawlers would fish under protection from their warships in three areas, out of the Vestfjords, north of Horn and to the southeast of Iceland. All in all, 20 British trawlers, 4 warships and a supply vessel were inside the newly declared zones. Diagrams of first and third rate warships, England, 1728 Cyclopaedia. ...

Many incidents followed, such as the one on 4 September, when V/s Ægir attempted to take a British trawler off the Vestfjords, but was thwarted when HMS Russel intervened, and the two vessels collided. September 4 is the 247th day of the year (248th in leap years). ... V/s Ægir is the sistership of V/s Týr and was built by Aalborg Værft a/s, in Denmark. ...

At the end of September, the crew of V/s Þór (Thor) noticed that the British trawler Cape Palliser was flying the Soviet flag along with the Union Jack. Þór's captain sent a message to the commander of HMS Grafton, asking whether this was done at their request or the crew of the Cape Palliser had actually changed their nationality. When news of this reached the USSR, the Soviet government protested heavily, for this was a violation of international law. Later the Cape Palliser was rammed and holed amidships by another trawler. During the period it was drifting helplessly, the Captain of the Þór attempted to board the Cape Palliser and arrest her, but was thwarted by HMS Grafton, who did temporary repairs by putting a patch on to the Cape Palliser so that she could limp home. The Cape Palliser stopped in Faroe Islands (Thorshavn) on the way back to Hull, where the shipyard workers, though on strike, turned out to make a more permanent repair to the Cape Palliser, by welding a plate over the hole in her side. The first official flag of the Soviet Union was adopted in July of 1923. ... International law (also called public international law to distinguish from private international law, i. ... The peninsula Tinganes is seat of the Faroese Government in Tórshavn. ...

On 6 October,V/s María Júlía fired three shots at the trawler Kingston Emerald, yet the trawler escaped to sea. October 6 is the 279th day of the year (280th in leap years). ...

On 12 November, V/s Þór encountered the trawler Hackness which had not stowed its nets legally. Hackness did not stop until Þór had fired two blanks and one live shell off its bow. Once again, H.M.S. Russel came to the rescue and its shipmaster ordered the Icelandic captain to leave the trawler alone as it was not within the 4 nm (7.4 km). Þór's captain, Eiríkur Kristófersson, protested that he would surely not do so, and ordered his men to approach the trawler with the gun manned. In response, the Russel threatened to sink the Icelandic boat if it so much as fired one shot at the Hackness. More British ships then arrived and the Hackness escaped. November 12 is the 316th day of the year (317th in leap years) in the Gregorian Calendar, with 49 days remaining. ... This article concerns the rank and title of Captain. ... A modern Icelandic trawler A trawler is a fishing vessel designed for the purpose of operating a trawl, a net that is dragged along the bottom of the sea (or sometimes above the bottom at a specified depth). ...

Eventually the British government yielded to Iceland.

The Second Cod War

The net cutters, secret weapon of the Icelandic Coast Guard.

On 1 September 1972, the enforcement of the law that expanded the Icelandic fishery limits to 50 nm (92.6 km) began. Numerous British and West German trawlers continued fishing within the new zone on the first day. Image File history File links Klippur. ... Image File history File links Klippur. ... The net cutters, secret weapon of the Icelandic Coast Guard. ... September 1 is the 244th day of the year (245th in leap years). ... 1972 (MCMLXXII) was a leap year starting on Saturday. ... A nautical mile is a unit of length. ... West Germany was the informal but almost universally used name for the Federal Republic of Germany from 1949 until 1990, during which years the Federal Republic did not yet include East Germany. ... A modern Icelandic trawler A trawler is a fishing vessel designed for the purpose of operating a trawl, a net that is dragged along the bottom of the sea (or sometimes above the bottom at a specified depth). ...

The next day, the V/s Ægir chased 16 trawlers in waters east of the country, out of the 50 nm zone.

During this war, the Icelandic Coast Guard started to use the net cutters. Coat of arms of the Icelandic Coast Guard Naval Ensign of the Icelandic Coast Guard Origins of the Icelandic Coast Guard (Landhelgisgæsla Íslands) can be traced to 1859, when the corvette Örnen started patrolling Icelandic waters. ... The net cutters, secret weapon of the Icelandic Coast Guard. ...

On 18 January 1973, the nets were cut off eighteen trawlers. This day forced the British seamen to threaten to leave the Icelandic fishery zone unless they had the protection of the Royal Navy. The day after, large, fast tugboats were sent to their defence. The first was the Statesman. The British considered this insufficient, and formed a special group to defend the trawlers. January 18 is the 18th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... 1973 (MCMLXXIII) was a common year starting on Monday. ... The Royal Navy of the United Kingdom is the oldest of the British armed services (and is therefore the Senior Service). ... The Le Four manoeuvering in Brest harbour A tugboat, or tug, is a boat used to manoeuvre, primarily by towing or pushing other vessels (see shipping) in harbours, over the open sea or through rivers and canals. ...

On 23 January 1973, the volcano Eldfell on Heimaey erupted and the Coast Guard needed to divert its attention to rescuing the inhabitants of the small island. January 23 is the 23rd day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... Lava fountains tower over Heimaey in the early stages of the Eldfell eruption Eldfell is a cinder cone volcano just over 200 m (650 ft) high on the Icelandic island of Heimaey. ... Heimaey off of southwest Iceland Heimaey (pronounced HAY-mah-ay or IPA ) is the largest island (13. ...

On 17 May, the British trawlers left only to return two days later along with British frigates. May 17 is the 137th day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar (138th in leap years). ...

The Icelandic lightship Árvakur collided with four British vessels on 1 June and six days later V/s Ægir collided with H.M.S. Scylla, when it was reconnoitring for icebergs off the Vestfjords, even though no trawlers were present. June 1 is the 152nd day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (153rd in leap years), with 213 days remaining. ...

On 16 September, Joseph Luns, Secretary-General of NATO, arrived in Reykjavík to talk with Icelandic ministers, who had been pressed to leave NATO as it had been of no help to the Icelandic people in the conflict. September 16 is the 259th day of the year (260th in leap years). ... Joseph Antoine Marie Hubert Luns ( August 28, 1911 - July 18, 2002) was a Dutch politician and former NATO secretary-general. ... NATO 2002 Summit in Prague The North Atlantic Treaty Organisation[1] (NATO), also called the North Atlantic Alliance, the Atlantic Alliance or the Western Alliance, is an international organisation for collective security established in 1949, in support of the North Atlantic Treaty signed in Washington, DC, on 4 April 1949. ... For the town in Canada see Reykjavik, Manitoba Location in Iceland Coordinates: Constituency Reykjavík North Reykjavík South Area    - City 274. ...

After a series of talks within NATO, British warships were recalled on 3 October. An agreement was signed on 8 November. NATO 2002 Summit in Prague The North Atlantic Treaty Organisation[1] (NATO), also called the North Atlantic Alliance, the Atlantic Alliance or the Western Alliance, is an international organisation for collective security established in 1949, in support of the North Atlantic Treaty signed in Washington, DC, on 4 April 1949. ... October 3 is the 276th day of the year (277th in leap years) in the Gregorian Calendar. ... November 8 is the 312th day of the year (313th in leap years) in the Gregorian Calendar, with 53 days remaining. ...

The agreement bound British fishing to certain areas inside the 50 nm limit, resolving the dispute that time. The resolution was on the premise that British trawlers would limit their annual catch to no more than 130,000 tons. This agreement expired in November 1975, and the third "Cod War" began. The word ton or tonne is derived from the Old English tunne, and ultimately from the Old French tonne, and referred originally to a large cask with a capacity of 252 wine gallons, which holds approximately 2100 pounds of water. ...

The Third Cod War

Icelandic Coast Guard ship in pursuit.

The Third Cod War (November 1975 - June 1976) occurred again between the United Kingdom and Iceland. Iceland had declared that the ocean up to 200 miles (370 km) from its coast fell under Icelandic authority. The British government did not recognize this large increase to the exclusion zone, and as a result, there came to be an issue with British fishermen and their 'incursion' into the disputed zone. The 'war', which was the most hard fought of the Cod Wars, saw British fishing trawlers have their nets cut by the Icelandic Coast Guard, and there were several incidents of ramming by Icelandic ships and British trawlers, frigates and tug-boats. Image File history File links Gunboat. ... Image File history File links Gunboat. ... Coat of arms of the Icelandic Coast Guard Naval Ensign of the Icelandic Coast Guard Origins of the Icelandic Coast Guard (Landhelgisgæsla Íslands) can be traced to 1859, when the corvette Örnen started patrolling Icelandic waters. ... 1975 (MCMLXXV) was a common year starting on Wednesday. ... 1976 (MCMLXXVI) was a leap year starting on Thursday. ... Categories: Stub ... A modern Icelandic trawler A trawler is a fishing vessel designed for the purpose of operating a trawl, a net that is dragged along the bottom of the sea (or sometimes above the bottom at a specified depth). ... Coat of arms of the Icelandic Coast Guard Naval Ensign of the Icelandic Coast Guard Origins of the Icelandic Coast Guard (Landhelgisgæsla Íslands) can be traced to 1859, when the corvette Örnen started patrolling Icelandic waters. ... For the bird, see Frigatebird. ...

One of the more severe incidents happened in the middle of December, 1975. V/s Þór, under the command of Helgi Hallvarðsson was leaving port at Seyðisfjörður, where they had been minesweeping, when orders were received to investigate the presence of unidentified foreign vessels at the mouth of the fjord. These vessels were identified as three British ships, Lloydsman which was three times bigger than V/s Þór, Star Aquarius (an oil rig supply vessel of the Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries and Food), and Star Polaris. They were sheltering from a force nine gale within Iceland's 12 mile territorial waters.^{[citation needed]} Around two nautical miles from the coast, the Royal Navy said Thor moved alongside the British vessels and signalled that the Star Aquarius should stop or she would shoot at the unarmed ships.^{[citation needed]} Reports are confused about which vessel then struck the other but as the Thor broke away the Lloydsman surged forward to protect the Star Aquarius. Captain Albert MacKenzie of the Star Aquarius said the Þór approached from the stern and hit the support vessel, before it veered off and fired a shot from a range of about 100 yards. Niels Sigurdsson, the Icelandic Ambassador in London, said the Thor had been firing in self-defence after it had been rammed by British vessels. This incident led to Iceland charging Britain before the United Nations Security Council as it happened well within Icelandic territorial waters. 1975 (MCMLXXV) was a common year starting on Wednesday. ... Image:Seyðisfjörður pos. ... The United Nations Security Council (UNSC) is the organ of the United Nations charged with maintaining peace and security among nations. ...

A second incident occured in 1976, when HMS Andromeda was dented when Thor sailed close to her bow. Thor sustained a hole in its hull. The British Ministry of Defence said that the collision represented a "deliberate attack" on the British warship "without regard for life". The Icelandic coastguard on the other hand insisted Andromea had rammed Thor by "overtaking the boat and then swiftly changing course". HMS Andromeda, a ship of the Royal Navy, is named after the Greek hero Andromeda. ...

Britain deployed a total of 22 frigates against 16 Icelandic vessels. The Icelandic government tried to acquire U.S. Ashville class gunboats, and when denied by the American government they tried to get Soviet Mirka class frigates. In response, the United Kingdom deployed a total of twenty-two frigates, seven supply ships, nine tug-boats, and three support ships to protect its fishing trawlers,although only six to nine were on deployment at any one time. United States is the current Good Article Collaboration of the week! Please help to improve this article to the highest of standards. ... Soviet redirects here. ... The Mirka Class was the Nato reporting name for a class of light frigates built for the Soviet Navy in the mid-late 1960s. ... For the bird, see Frigatebird. ... See Tug (disambiguation) for alternative meanings of tug. ...

A more serious turn of events came when Iceland threatened closure of the NATO base at Keflavík, which would, in the military perception of the time, have severely impaired NATO's ability to defend the Atlantic Ocean from the Soviet Union. As a result, the British government agreed to have its fishermen stay outside Iceland's 200 nautical mile (370 km) exclusion zone without a specific agreement. NATO 2002 Summit in Prague The North Atlantic Treaty Organisation[1] (NATO), also called the North Atlantic Alliance, the Atlantic Alliance or the Western Alliance, is an international organisation for collective security established in 1949, in support of the North Atlantic Treaty signed in Washington, DC, on 4 April 1949. ... Keflavík on the Reykjanes peninsula of Iceland Keflavík is a town of around 10,200 inhabitants in the Reykjanes region in southwest Iceland (64°01′N 22°34′W). ...

The Last Ramming

On the evening of 6 May 1976, after the end of the third Cod War had already been decided, the Icelandic ship Týr was caught trying to cut the nets of the trawler Carlisle. Captain Gerald Plumer of HMS Falmouth decided to ram V/s Týr. The Falmouth at the speed of 22+ knots (41+ km/h) steamed into the ship, almost capsizing her. However, Týr didn't sink and managed to cut the nets of Carlisle anyway. This resulted in another ramming. At that moment Týr was heavily damaged and proppelled by only a single screw and pursued by the tug-boat Statesman. In this dire situation Guðmundur Kjærnested, captain of V/s Týr gave orders to man the guns, in spite of the overwhelming superiority of firepower the Falmouth enjoyed. May 6 is the 126th day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar (127th in leap years). ... 1976 (MCMLXXVI) was a leap year starting on Thursday. ... V/s Týr is the flagship of the Icelandic Coast Guard and was built by Aarhus Flydedok a/s, in Denmark. ...

Source of the name

It is believed by some that the name stems from a pun on the term 'Cold War' (with 'cod' reading so similarly to 'cold'), possibly via the British tabloid press - however, the Icelandic name for these 'conflicts' is Þorskastríðin, which can translate into Cod Wars in English. Which term came first is unknown. Species Gadus morhua Gadus macrocephalus Gadus ogahvgfgvbc Cod surfacing This article is about codfish; for other meanings, see COD. Cod is the common name for the genus Gadus of fish, belonging to the family Gadidae, and is also used in the common name of a variety of other fishes. ... Newspaper sizes in August 2005. ...

The Cod Wars are also occasionally called the Landhelgisstríðin in Iceland, which can be translated as "The wars for the territorial waters." This name, however, is a reference to the Icelandic Coast Guard as its name in Icelandic directly translates as "Territorial waters Guard," since the wars were not for the territorial waters but for the expansion of an exclusive economic area. (Although the fighting was occasionally taken into Icelandic territorial waters.) Coat of arms of the Icelandic Coast Guard Naval Ensign of the Icelandic Coast Guard Origins of the Icelandic Coast Guard (Landhelgisgæsla Íslands) can be traced to 1859, when the corvette Örnen started patrolling Icelandic waters. ... Map of Sealand and the United Kingdom, with territorial water claims of 3nm and 12nm shown. ...

The Cod Wars in Popular Culture

The UK show The Goodies featured a parody of the Cod Wars with encroaching icelanders territory now well within British waters. During the episode Icelandic fishermen - dressed as eskimos - were seeking the capture of a giant cod - which later exploded and turned into fish fingers. The Goodies — Bill Oddie, Tim Brooke-Taylor, Graeme Garden — a screenshot from the title sequence of the BBC TV series For information about the The Goodies television series, see The Goodies (TV series) The Goodies are a trio of British comedians (Graeme Garden, Tim Brooke-Taylor and Bill Oddie), who...

See also

• Overfishing
• British military history
• Spanish ships and the Canadian Navy had clashes over fishing in the 1990s in what was known in the Spanish press as la guerra del fletán, the Turbot War.

The Traffic Light colour convention, showing the concept of Harvest Control Rule (HCR), specifying when a rebuilding plan is mandatory in terms of precautionary and limit reference points for spawning biomass and fishing mortality rate. ... British military history is a long and varied topic, extending from the prehistoric and ancient historic period, through the Roman invasions of Julius Cæsar and Claudius and subsequent Roman occupation; warfare in the Mediaeval period, including the invasions of the Saxons and the Vikings in the Early Middle Ages... Canadian Forces Maritime Command (MARCOM) is responsible for naval operations of the navy of the Canadian Armed Forces. ... The Turbot War of 1995 was an international fishing dispute between Canada and the European Union which ended in Canada arresting a Spanish fishing trawler in international waters. ...

External links

• American University Case Study - The Cod War
• MV Miranda Site Website of the MV Miranda, a Trawler support vessel
• Britain's Small Wars - The Cod War
• BBC Video footage from the BBC (Requires Realplayer)
• Þorskastríðin (Icelandic) - Fiskveiðideilur Íslendinga við erlendar þjóðir, by Guðni Jóhannesson
• BBC 'On this Day' 1973: Royal Navy moves to protect trawlers