The original Napoleonic Code, or Code Napoléon (originally called the Code civil des francais, or civil code of the French), was the The French Republic or France ( French: République française or France) is a country whose metropolitan territory is located in western Europe, and which is further made up of a collection of overseas islands and territories located in other continents. France is a democracy organised as a... French A civil code is a book of laws designed to comprehensively deal with the core areas of private law. History The idea of codification emerged during the age of enlightenment, when it was believed that all spheres of life could be dealt with in a clonclusive system based on human... civil code, established at the behest of Napoleon redirects here. For other uses, see Napoleon (disambiguation). Bonaparte as general Napoleon Bonaparte ( 15 August 1769 – 5 May 1821) was a general of the French Revolution and was the ruler of France as First Consul (Premier Consul) of the French Republic from November 11, 1799 to May 18... Napoléon. It entered into force on March 21 is the 80th day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar (81st in leap years). There are 285 days remaining. March Su Mo Tu We Th Fr Sa   1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19... March 21, 1804 is a leap year starting on Sunday. Years: 1801 1802 1803 - 1804 - 1805 1806 1807 Decades: 1770s 1780s 1790s - 1800s - 1810s 1820s 1830s Centuries: 18th century - 19th century - 20th century 1804 in art 1804 in literature 1804 in music 1804 in science 1804 in sports List of state leaders... 1804. Even though the Napoleonic code was not the first legal code to be established in a European country with a Civil law is a legal system derived from Roman law and commonly used in Europe. It is mainly contrasted against common law. See also civil law for the branch of law dealing with citizens. Contents // 1 Overview 2 History 3 Civil vs Common law 4 Subgroups 5 Economic implications 6... civil A legal system is the mechanism for creating, interpreting and enforcing the laws in a given jurisdiction. The civilian legal system or civil law system is the general typology of legal systems found in most countries. It is an alternative to common law system and has its roots in Roman... legal system — it was preceded by the The Codex Maximilianeus bavaricus civilis is a civil code enacted in the Duchy of Bavaria in 1756. It was written in German language, but included many Latin phrases. In its content, it adhered to the Usus modernus Pandectarum more strongly than later codification projects. It remained in force in Bavaria... Codex Maximilianeus bavaricus civilis ( Flag Rautenflagge (flag, lozengy variant) Streifenflagge (flag, striped variant) Statistics Capital: Munich (München) Area: 70,553 km² Inhabitants: 12.401.000 (08/2003) pop. density: 164 inh./km² Homepage: bayern.de ISO 3166-2: DE-BY Politics Minister-president: Edmund Stoiber (CSU) Ruling party: CSU Map German Bayern or... Bavaria, Years: 1753 1754 1755 - 1756 - 1757 1758 1759 Decades: 1720s 1730s 1740s - 1750s - 1760s 1770s 1780s Centuries: 17th century - 18th century - 19th century 1756 in art 1756 in literature 1756 in music 1756 in science List of state leaders in 1756 List of religious leaders in 1756 Contents // 1 Events... 1756), the Allgemeines Landrecht ( The coat of arms of the Kingdom of Prussia, 1701-1918 The word Prussia (German: Preußen or Preussen, Polish: Prusy, Lithuanian: Prusai, Latin: Borussia) has had various (often contradictory) meanings: The land of the Baltic Prussians (in what is now parts of southern Lithuania, the Kaliningrad exclave of Russia... Prussia, Years: 1789 1790 1791 - 1792 - 1793 1794 1795 Decades: 1760s 1770s 1780s - 1790s - 1800s 1810s 1820s Centuries: 17th century - 18th century - 19th century 1792 in topic: Arts Architecture - Literature - Music Other topics Canada - Science Lists of leaders: Colonial governors - State leaders 1792 was a leap year starting on Sunday (see... 1792) and the West Galician Code, ( Galicia (Ukrainian: Галичина (Halychyna), Polish: Galicja, German: Galizien, Slovak: Halič, Romanian: Galiţia, Hungarian: Gácsország) is the name of a region of Central Europe. The region takes its name from the earliest regional capital, the city of Halicz in... Galicia, then part of The Republic of Austria ( German: Republik Österreich) is a landlocked country in Central Europe. It borders Germany and the Czech Republic to the north, Slovakia and Hungary to the east, Slovenia and Italy to the south, and Switzerland and Liechtenstein to the west. The state is a representative democracy... Austria, Years: 1794 1795 1796 - 1797 - 1798 1799 1800 Decades: 1760s 1770s 1780s - 1790s - 1800s 1810s 1820s Centuries: 17th century - 18th century - 19th century 1797 in art 1797 in literature 1797 in music 1797 in rail transport 1797 in science List of state leaders in 1797 List of religious leaders in... 1797) — it is considered the first successful For linguistic codification, see codification (linguistics). In law, codification is the process of collecting and restating the law of a jurisdiction in certain areas. Also see legal code. Contrary to popular belief, the common law has been codified in many jurisdictions in many areas; examples include the Law of General... codification and strongly influenced the law of many other countries.

The Napoleonic Code properly said dealt only with civil law issues, such as filiation and This page deals with property as ownership rights. For information about property in the performing arts, see prop. For information about other sorts of property, see properties. Property is defined as the right, legal or moral, to ultimately determine the use and control of something, including the right to transfer... property; other codes were later published dealing with Criminal law (also known as penal law) is the body of law that regulates governmental sanctions (such as imprisonment and/or fines) as retaliation for crimes against the social order. The goal of this process is that of achieving criminal justice. According to criminal law, crimes are offences against the... criminal law, This article needs cleanup. Please edit this article to conform to a higher standard of article quality. Criminal procedure is the process used in dealing with violations of criminal law. Like most aspects of law it often works differently in jurisdictions that follow the civil law tradition and common law... criminal procedure and Commercial law or business law is the body of law which governs business and commerce and is often considered to be a branch of civil law and deals both with issues of private law and public law. Commercial law regulates corporate contracts, hiring practices, and the manufacture and sales of... commercial law.

The Code, with its stress on clearly written and accessible law, was a major step in establishing the The rule of law implies that government authority may only be exercised in accordance with written laws, which were adopted through an established procedure. The principle is intended to be a safeguard against arbitrary rulings in individual cases. Generalities Perhaps the most famous exposition of the concept of rule of... rule of law.

History

It was based on both earlier French laws and Roman law is the legal system of both the Roman Republic and the Roman Empire, from its earliest days to the time of the Eastern Roman Empire, even to the time of the Emperor Justinian I after the fall of Rome itself. Roman law is the foundation of many legal... Roman law, and followed Justinian may refer to: Justinian I, a Roman Emperor; Justinian, a storeship sent to the convict settlement at New South Wales in 1790. This is a disambiguation page — a navigational aid which lists other pages that might otherwise share the same title. If an article link referred you here... Justinian's The Corpus Juris Civilis (Body of Civil Law) is a fundamental work in jurisprudence issued from 529 to 534 by order of Justinian I, Byzantine Emperor. Justinian gave orders to collect legal materials of various kinds into several new codes. These codes became the basis of the revival of Roman... Corpus Juris Civilis in dividing civil law into:

1. personal status;
2. This page deals with property as ownership rights. For information about property in the performing arts, see prop. For information about other sorts of property, see properties. Property is defined as the right, legal or moral, to ultimately determine the use and control of something, including the right to transfer... property;
3. acquisition of property.

The intention behind the Napoleonic Code was to reform the French legal system in accordance with the principles of the History of France series Gaul Franks Middle Ages Ancien Régime French Revolution Causes Estates-General National Assembly Storming of the Bastille National Constituent Assembly ( 1, 2, 3) Legislative Assembly and fall of the monarchy National Convention and Reign of Terror Directory Consulate Related: Glossary, Timeline, Wars, List of... French Revolution. Before the Code, France did not have a single set of Law (a loanword from Danish- Norwegian lov), in politics and jurisprudence, is a set of rules or norms of conduct which mandate, proscribe or permit specified relationships among people and organizations, provide methods for ensuring the impartial treatment of such people, and provide punishments for those who do not follow... laws; laws depended on local customs, and often on exemptions, A privilege is an honour, or permissive activity granted by another person or even a government. A privilege is not a right and in some cases can be revoked. For example in most countries driving on publicly-maintained roads is a privilege, if one violates certain rules driving privileges can... privileges and special charters granted by the kings or other feudal lords. During the Revolution, the vestiges of Feudalism comes from the Late Latin word feudum, itself borrowed from a Germanic root *fehu, a commonly used term in the Middle Ages which means fief, or land held under certain obligations by feodati. Even though the word origin is from the Middle Ages, the concept of feudalism was not... feudalism were abolished, and the many different legal systems used in different parts of France were to be replaced by a single legal code, whose writing Jean Jacques Régis de Cambacérès had been charged to lead. However, due to the turmoils of war and unrest, the situation did not much advance until Napoleon's era ensured more stability and Cambacérès, then Originally, three equal Consuls made up the government established by Napoleon Bonaparte after the coup of 18 Brumaire (November 9, 1799), which established the Consulate in France (1799-1804). Napoleon, however, soon arose as the strongest of the three. Contents // Categories: Stub ... Second Consul under Napoleon, could work in a more serene manner.

Developing out of the various coutumes of France, notably the Coutume de Paris, this recodification process was inspired by Justinian's codified Roman law is the legal system of both the Roman Republic and the Roman Empire, from its earliest days to the time of the Eastern Roman Empire, even to the time of the Emperor Justinian I after the fall of Rome itself. Roman law is the foundation of many legal... Roman law. The development of the Code was a fundamental change in the nature of the Civil law is a legal system derived from Roman law and commonly used in Europe. It is mainly contrasted against common law. See also civil law for the branch of law dealing with citizens. Contents // 1 Overview 2 History 3 Civil vs Common law 4 Subgroups 5 Economic implications 6... civil law legal system; it made laws much clearer. The redaction of the Civil Code and other subsequent codes resulted in considerable debate within France's legislative bodies.

In ancien régime France, law courts, known as the Parlements (pronounced in French) in ancien régime France — contrary to what their name would suggest to the modern reader — were not democratic or political institutions, but law courts . Membership in those courts was generally bought from the royal authority; and such positions could be made hereditary... Parlements, had often taken up a Articles related to Separation of powers Executive Legislature Judiciary A legislature is a governmental deliberative body with the power to adopt laws. Legislatures are known by many names, including: parliament, congress, diet and national assembly. In parliamentary systems of government, the legislature is formally supreme and appoints the executive. In... legislative role by protesting royal decisions – to protest excesses of royal power or, in some occasions, in order to defend the privileges of the social classes to which the judges belonged. The latter was especially true in the final years before the Revolution. As a result, the French Revolution took a negative view of judges making law. This is reflected in the Napoleonic Code prohibiting judges from passing judgments exceeding the matter that is to be judged – because general rules are the domain of the law, a legislative, not judicial, power. However, the courts still had to fill the gaps in the laws and regulations; thus a large body of Jurisprudence (from Latin: juris prudentia — by the activity of prudentes; advisors, experts), is the philosophy, science, study, and application of law. Contents // 1 History 2 Modern use 3 See also 4 External links History The Central Criminal Court of England Jurisprudence already had this meaning in Ancient Rome, even... jurisprudence was born; while there is no rule of Stare decisis is a Latin term (to stand by things decided) used in common law to express the notion that prior court decisions must be recognized as precedents, according to case law. This doctrine is not held within most civil law jurisdictions as it is argued that this prinicple interferes... stare decisis (binding precedent), the decisions by important courts have become more or less equivalent to Case law (precedential law) is the body of judge-made law and legal decisions that interprets prior case law, statutes and other legal authority -- including doctrinal writings by legal scholars such as the Corpus Juris Secundum, Halsburys Laws of England or the doctinal writings found in the Recueil Dalloz... case law.

Contents of the code

The preliminary article of the Code established certain important provisions regarding to the The rule of law implies that government authority may only be exercised in accordance with written laws, which were adopted through an established procedure. The principle is intended to be a safeguard against arbitrary rulings in individual cases. Generalities Perhaps the most famous exposition of the concept of rule of... rule of law. Laws could only be applied if they had been duly promulgated, and if they had been published officially (including provisions for publishing delays, given the means of communication available at the time); thus no secret laws were authorized. It prohibited An ex post facto law (Latin for from a thing done afterward), also known as a retrospective law, is a law that is retroactive, i.e. that affects facts or legal relationships that have existed prior to the enactment of the law. Ex post facto is a term from the... ex post facto laws (i.e. laws that apply to events that occurred before them). It also prohibited judges from refusing justice on grounds of insufficiency of the law — thereby encouraging them to interpret the law. It, however, prohibited judges from passing general judgments of a legislative value.

With regards to family, the Code estalished the supremacy of the husband with respects to the wife and children; this was the general legal situation in Europe at the time. It, however, allowed Divorce or dissolution of marriage is the ending of a marriage, which can be contrasted with an annulment which is a declaration that a marriage is void, though the effects of marriage may be recognized in such unions, such as spousal support, child custody and distribution of property. In developed... divorce on relatively liberal bases compared to other European countries, including divorce by mutual consent.

Subsequent chapters discussed property and contracts.

Other French codes of Napoleon's era

Penal Code

In Years: 1788 1789 1790 - 1791 - 1792 1793 1794 Decades: 1760s 1770s 1780s - 1790s - 1800s 1810s 1820s Centuries: 17th century - 18th century - 19th century 1791 in art 1791 in literature 1791 in music 1791 in science List of state leaders in 1791 List of religious leaders in 1791 Contents // 1 Events... 1791, Louis-Michel Le Peletier de Saint-Fargeau had presented a new criminal code to the national Constituent Assembly. He explained that it outlawed only "true crimes" and not "phoney offenses, created by superstition, feudalism, the tax system, and [royal] despotism." He did not list the crimes "created by superstition" (meaning the This article is about the religious people known as Christians. For other uses, see Christian (disambiguation). The term Christian means belonging to Christ and is derived from the Greek noun Χριστός Khristós which means anointed one, which is itself a translation of... Christian religion), but these certainly included blasphemy, heresy, sacrilege, and witchcraft, and most probably also incest, bestiality, and same-sex sexual acts, none of which was mentioned in the new Penal Code (promulgated September 26-October 6, 1791). All these former offenses were thus decriminalized.

In Years: 1807 1808 1809 - 1810 - 1811 1812 1813 Decades: 1780s 1790s 1800s - 1810s - 1820s 1830s 1840s Centuries: 18th century - 19th century - 20th century 1810 in art 1810 in literature 1810 in rail transport 1810 in science 1810 in music 1810 in sports List of state leaders in 1810 List of... 1810, a new criminal code was issued under Napoleon. As the preceding one, and probably under Cambacérès' influence, it did not contain provisions against religious crimes or same-sex acts.

Code of Criminal Instruction

In Years: 1805 1806 1807 - 1808 - 1809 1810 1811 Decades: 1770s 1780s 1790s - 1800s - 1810s 1820s 1830s Centuries: 18th century - 19th century - 20th century 1808 in art 1808 in literature 1808 in music 1808 in science 1808 in sports List of state leaders in 1808 List of religious leaders in 1808... 1808, a "Code of Criminal Instruction" (Code d'instruction criminelle) was published. This code laid out This article needs cleanup. Please edit this article to conform to a higher standard of article quality. Criminal procedure is the process used in dealing with violations of criminal law. Like most aspects of law it often works differently in jurisdictions that follow the civil law tradition and common law... criminal procedure. The parlement system from before the Revolution had been guilty of much abuse; the criminal courts established by the Revolution were a complex and ineffective system, subject to much local pressures. The genesis of this code resulted in much debate. The resulting code is the basis of the modern so-called " This article is about the inquisitorial system for organizing court proceedings. This is not to be confused with the system of religious courts established by the Roman Catholic Church for the prosecution of heresy. For this see: Inquisition. An inquisitorial system is a legal system where the court or a... inquisitorial system" of criminal courts, used in France and many Civil law is a legal system derived from Roman law and commonly used in Europe. It is mainly contrasted against common law. See also civil law for the branch of law dealing with citizens. Contents // 1 Overview 2 History 3 Civil vs Common law 4 Subgroups 5 Economic implications 6... civil law countries — though, of course, it has significantly changed since Napoléon's days (especially, with improvements of the right of the defense).

The French Revolution's Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen The Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen, ( French: La Déclaration des Droits de lHomme et du citoyen), is one of the fundamental documents of the French Revolution, defining a set of individual rights... Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen had declared that suspects were presumed to be innocent until they had been declared to be guilty [by a court of law]. A concern of Bonaparte's was the possibility of arbitrary arrest, or excessive remand (imprisonment prior to a trial). Bonaparte remarked that care should be taken to preserve personal freedoms especially when the case was before the Imperial Court: "these courts would have a great strength, they should be prohibited from abusing this situation against weak citizen without connections." However, remand still was the normal procedure for suspects of severe crimes, such as Murder is both a legal and a moral term, that are not always coincident. It may be legal to kill, but still murder in the moral sense. Opponents of the death penalty argue that it is simply murder by the state. Opponents of abortion argue that it is legalized murder... murder.

The possibility for justice to endorse lengthy remand periods was one reason why the Napoleonic Code was criticized for De facto is a Latin expression that means in fact or in practice. It is commonly used as opposed to de jure (meaning by law) when referring to matters of law or governance or technique (such as standards), that are found in the common experience as created or developed without... de facto Presumption of innocence is an essential right that the accused enjoys in criminal trials in all countries respecting human rights. It states that the accused is presumed to be innocent until it has been declared guilty by a court. The burden of proof is thus on the prosecution, which has... presumption of guilt, particularly in This article concerns the common-law legal system, as contrasted with the civil law legal system; for other meanings of the term, within the field of law, see common law (disambiguation). The common-law legal system forms a major part of the law of many countries, especially those with a... common law countries. However, the legal proceedings certainly did not have De jure is a Latin expression that means by law, as contrasted with de facto, which means in fact. The terms de jure and de facto are used like in principle and in practice when one is describing political situations. They are also often used when discussing racial segregation. A... de jure presumption of guilt; for instance, the juror's oath explicitely recommended that the jury did not betray the interests of the defendants, and took attention of the means of defense.

The rules governing court proceedings, by today's standards, probably gave too much power to the prosecution; it must be said, however, that criminal justice in European countries in those days tended to side with repression. For instance, it was only in Years: 1833 1834 1835 - 1836 - 1837 1838 1839 Decades: 1800s 1810s 1820s - 1830s - 1840s 1850s 1860s Centuries: 18th century - 19th century - 20th century 1836 in art 1836 in literature 1836 in rail transport 1836 in science 1836 in music 1836 in sports List of state leaders in 1836 List of... 1836 that prisoners were charged with a A felony, in many common law legal systems, is the term for a very serious crime; misdemeanors are considered to be less serious. Crimes which are commonly considered to be felonies include: aggravated assault, arson, burglary, murder, and rape. Those who are convicted of a felony are known as felons... felony were allowed to have counsel (i.e. a lawyer) in England (In detail) (In detail) Royal motto: Dieu et mon droit (French: God and my right) Official language None; English is de facto Capital London Capitals coordinates 51° 30 N, 0° 10 W Largest city London Area  - Total Ranked 1st UK 130,395 km² Population  - Total (2001... England the (Prisoners' Counsel Act).[1] (http://www.ebc-india.com/lawyer/articles/97v8a3.htm) In comparison, article 294 of the Napoleonic Code of Criminal Procedure allowed the defendant to have a For information on the type of fish called Lawyer, see the article on Burbot. A lawyer or attorney at law is a person licensed by the state to advise clients in legal matters and represent them in courts of law (and in other forms of dispute resolution). Most countries today... lawyer before the Court of Assizes (judging felonies), and mandated the court to appoint him a lawyer if he did not have one (failure to do so rendered the proceedings null).

Whether or not the The Courts of Assize, or Assizes, were periodic criminal courts held around England and Wales until 1972, when together with the Quarter Sessions they were abolished by the Courts Act 1971 and replaced by a single permanent Crown Court. The Assizes heard the most serious cases, which were committed to... assize courts, whose task was to judge severe crimes, were to operate with a This article is confusing for some readers, and needs to be edited for clarity. Please remove this notice once this has been done. A jury is a body of persons convened to render a verdict (finding of fact) on a legal question officially submitted to them, or to set a... jury was a topic of considerable controversy; Bonaparte supported judgment juries, and they were finally adopted. On the other hand, Bonaparte was opposed to the In the common law legal system, an indictment is a formal charge of having committed a serious criminal offense. In those jurisdictions which retain the concept of a felony, the serious crime offence would be a felony; those jurisdictions which have abolished the concept of a felony often substitute instead... indictment jury (" A grand jury is a type of common law jury; responsible for investigating alleged crimes, examining evidence, and issuing indictments. The grand jury can compel witnesses to testify. During the proceeding, the defendant and his or her counsel are generally not present. The grand jurys decision is either true... grand jury" in This article concerns the common-law legal system, as contrasted with the civil law legal system; for other meanings of the term, within the field of law, see common law (disambiguation). The common-law legal system forms a major part of the law of many countries, especially those with a... common law countries) and preferred to give this task to the criminal section of the Court of Appeals is the title of certain appellate courts in various jurisdictions. The United States The thirteen United States Courts of Appeals stand between the United States District Courts (or other comparable federal courts, such as the Court of International Trade) and the United States Supreme Court. Each state... Court of Appeal. Some special courts were created for the judgment of criminals who could Intimidation is the act of making others do what one wants through fear. This may be fear of physical abuse, humiliation, loss of property, not only regarding the victim itself but also dear ones such as spouse, family, friend. Sometimes the phrase sexual intimidation is used for sexual harassment. Categories... intimidate the jury.

Bonaparte also insisted that the courts judging Civil law has at least three meanings. It may connote an entire legal system, or either of two different bodies of law within a legal system: a legal system the set of rules governing relations between persons (either humans or legal personalities such as corporations); here the contrast is public... civil and for other uses please see Crime (disambiguation) A crime is an act that violates a political or moral law. According to Western jurisprudence, there must be a simultaneous concurrence of both actus reus (guilty action) and mens rea (guilty mind) for a crime to have been committed; except in crimes... criminal cases should be the same, if only to give them more prestige.

Codes in other countries

Even though the Napoleonic Code was not the first, it was the most influential one. (For a list of early codes, see A civil code is a book of laws designed to comprehensively deal with the core areas of private law. History The idea of codification emerged during the age of enlightenment, when it was believed that all spheres of life could be dealt with in a clonclusive system based on human... here). It was adopted in many countries that were occupied by French forces during the History of France Chronological Gaul Franks Middle Ages Ancien Régime French Revolution First Empire Nineteenth century Third Republic Vichy France Modern France Topical Economic history Military history Social history Timeline The Napoleonic Wars lasted from 1804 until 1815. They were a continuation of the conflicts sparked by the French... Napoleonic Wars and thus formed the basis of the private law systems also of Italy (disambiguation). The Italian Republic or Italy ( Italian: Repubblica Italiana or Italia) is a country in southern Europe. It comprises a boot-shaped peninsula and two large islands in the Mediterranean Sea, Sicily and Sardinia, and shares its northern alpine boundary with France, Switzerland, Austria and Slovenia. The independent countries... Italy, the Netherlands (disambiguation). The Netherlands ( Dutch: Nederland) is the European part of the Kingdom of the Netherlands ( Dutch: Koninkrijk der Nederlanden). The Netherlands is a parliamentary democracy under a constitutional monarch, located in northwestern Europe. It borders the North Sea to the north and west, Belgium to the south, and Germany... Netherlands, Belgium (disambiguation). The word Belgian redirects to this page. For an article about the horse breed, see Belgian (horse). The Kingdom of Belgium ( Dutch: Koninkrijk België, French: Royaume de Belgique, German: Königreich Belgien) is a country in Western Europe, bordered by the Netherlands, Germany, Luxembourg, France, and... Belgium, The Kingdom of Spain or Spain ( Spanish: Reino de España or España; Catalan: Regne dEspanya; Basque: Espainiako Erresuma; Galician: Reino da España) is a country located in the southwest of Europe. It shares the Iberian Peninsula with Portugal, Gibraltar and Andorra. To the... Spain, The Republic of Portugal (República Portuguesa), or Portugal, is a democratic republic located on the west and southwest parts of the Iberian Peninsula in southwestern Europe; it is the westernmost country in continental Europe. Portugal is bordered by Spain to the north and east and by the Atlantic... Portugal and their former colonies.

Other codes with some influence in their own right were the The Zivilgesetzbuch (ZGB) is the Swiss civil code. It was created by Eugen Huber and was adopted in 1907. The code was admired bacause of the clarity of its language and because it left the code vague for judicial interpretation. It has been adopted in Turkey. Categories: Swiss law | Legal... Swiss, The Bürgerliches Gesetzbuch (or BGB) was the civil code of the German Empire and continues to act as the central law for german civil law. Put into effect on January 1, 1900 it had been in development since 1881 and was considered at the time of its creation to... German and Austrian ones, but even there some influence of the French code can be felt, as the Napoleonic Code is considered the first successful codification. Thus, the civil law systems of the countries of modern Europe, with the exception of the The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland is a country in western Europe, and a member of the British Commonwealth and European Union. Usually known simply as the United Kingdom, UK or, inaccurately, as Great Britain or Britain, the UK has four constituent parts. Three of these parts... United Kingdom, A true colour image of Ireland, captured by a NASA satellite on January 4, 2003. Scotland, the Isle of Man and Wales are visible to the east. Ireland is located west of the European landmass, which is part of the continent of Eurasia. Ireland (Éire in Irish) is the... Ireland, The Russian Federation ( Russian: Росси́йская Федера́ция, transliteration: Rossiyskaya Federatsiya or Rossijskaja Federacija), or Russia (Russian: Росси́я, transliteration: Rossiya or Rossija), is a country that stretches... Russia, and the This article is part of the Scandinavia series Viking Age Ting Kalmar Union Denmark-Norway Sweden-Norway Monetary Union Defense union Languages Mountains Peninsula Varangian Viking History of Sweden History of Norway History of Denmark Scandinavia is the cultural and historic region of the Scandinavian Peninsula. The Scandinavian countries are... Scandinavian countries have, to different degrees, been influenced by the Napoleonic Code. The Code has thus been the most permanent legacy of Napoleon.

The term "Napoleonic code" is also used to refer to legal codes of other The term jurisdiction has more than one sense. Power of a court of law Jurisdiction is the power of a court to hear and decide a case before it. In most common law systems, jurisdiction is conceptually divided between jurisdiction over the subject matter of a case and jurisdiction over... jurisdictions that are derived from the French Code Napoleon, especially the civil code of This article describes the Canadian province. For other usages, see Quebec (disambiguation). Québec (Flag of Québec) (Coat of Arms of Québec) Motto: Je me souviens (I remember) Other Canadian provinces and territories Capital Quebec City Largest city Montreal Lieutenant Governor Lise Thibault Premier Jean Charest (PLQ) Area... Quebec.

Louisiana is a southern state of the United States of America. It uses the U.S. postal abbreviation LA. The state is bordered to the west by the state of Texas, to the north by Arkansas, to the east by the state of Mississippi, and to the south by the... Louisiana's civil code features some aspects of the Napoleonic Code, but is based more on Roman and Spanish civil traditions.

Also see

• A civil code is a book of laws designed to comprehensively deal with the core areas of private law. History The idea of codification emerged during the age of enlightenment, when it was believed that all spheres of life could be dealt with in a clonclusive system based on human... civil code

External link

• English translation of the Code (http://www.napoleon-series.org/research/government/c_code.html)

References

[1] G.Levasseur, Napoléon et l’élaboration des codes répressifs (Mélanges en homme à Jean Imbert, PUF, 1989 p.371): Legal analysis of the Code of Criminal Procedure (http://ledroitcriminel.free.fr/la_science_criminelle/les_sciences_juridiques/la_loi_penale/theorie_generale/levasseur_napoleon.htm)

[2] Code Pénal and Code d'Instruction Criminelle ([2] (http://ledroitcriminel.free.fr/la_legislation_criminelle/anciens_textes.htm) has later versions, with the modifications indicated)