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A code name or cryptonym is a word or name used clandestinely to refer to another name or word. Codenames are often used for military purposes, or in espionage. They may also be used in industry to protect secret projects and the like from business rivals. Espionage is the practice of obtaining information about an organization or a society that is considered secret or confidential (spying) without the permission of the holder of the information. ...
Proliferation of code names in WWII
In the Second World War, code names common to the Allies referring to nations, cities, geographical features, military units, military operations, diplomatic meetings, places, and individual persons were agreed upon adapting pre-war naming procedures in use by the governments concerned. In the British case code names were administered and controlled by ISSB (The Inter-Services Security Board) staffed by the War Office with the word list generated and randomised by GC&CS (later GCHQ). This procedure was co-ordinated with the USA when America entered the war. Random lists of code names were issued to users in alphabetical blocks of ten words and were selected as required. Code words became available for re-use after six months and unused allocations could be re-assigned at discretion and according to need. Judicious selection from the available allocation could result in clever meanings and result in an aptronym or backronym, although policy was to select words that had no obviously deducable connection with what they were supposed to be concealing. Those for the major conference meetings had a partial naming sequence referring to devices or instruments which had an ordinal number as part of their meaning, eg the third meeting was "TRIDENT". The ruler of the Soviet Union, who had given himself the name "Stalin", meaning "man of steel", was given the code name "GLYPTIC", meaning "an image carved out of stone". Mushroom cloud from the nuclear explosion over Nagasaki rising 18 km into the air. ...
Look up ally in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ...
Old War Office Building, Whitehall, London - the former location of the War Office The War Office was a former department of the British Government, responsible for the administration of the British Army between the 17th century and 1963, when its functions were transferred to the Ministry of Defence. ...
The Government Communications Headquarters (GCHQ) (previously named the Government Code and Cipher School (GC&CS)) is the main British intelligence service providing signals intelligence (SIGINT). ...
The Government Communications Headquarters (GCHQ) (previously named the Government Code and Cipher School (GC&CS)) is the main British intelligence service providing signals intelligence (SIGINT). ...
Aptronym, a word allegedly coined by United States newspaper columnist Franklin P. Adams, refers to a name that is aptly suited to its owner. ...
A backronym or bacronym is a type of acronym that begins as an ordinary word, and is later interpreted as an acronym. ...
List of World War II conferences of the Allied forces In total Churchill attended 14 meetings, Roosevelt 12, Stalin 5. ...
Commonly, ordinal numbers, or ordinals for short, are numbers used to denote the position in an ordered sequence: first, second, third, fourth, etc. ...
Iosif (usually anglicized as Joseph) Vissarionovich Stalin (Russian: Иосиф Виссарионович Сталин), original name Ioseb Jughashvili (Georgian: იოსებ ჯუღაშვილ...
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German code names Ewen Montagu, a British Naval intelligence officer, discloses in Beyond Top Secret Ultra that during World War II, Nazi Germany habitually used ad hoc code names as nicknames which frequently openly revealed or strongly hinted at their content or function. Captain Ewen Edward Samuel Montagu (March 19, 1901-July 19, 1985) was a British judge, writer and intelligence officer. ...
Combatants Major Allied powers: United Kingdom Soviet Union United States Republic of China and others Major Axis powers: Nazi Germany Italy Japan and others Commanders Winston Churchill Joseph Stalin Franklin Roosevelt Harry Truman Chiang Kai-Shek Adolf Hitler Benito Mussolini Hideki Tojo Casualties Military dead: 17,000,000 Civilian dead...
Nazi Germany, or the Third Reich, commonly refers to Germany in the years 1933–1945, when it was under the firm control of the totalitarian and fascist ideology of the Nazi Party, with the Führer Adolf Hitler as dictator. ...
// A nickname is a short, clever, cute, derogatory, or otherwise substitute name for a person or things real name (for example, Bob, Rob, Robby, Robbie, Robi, Bobby, Rab, Bert, Bertie, Butch, Bobbers, Bobert, Beto, Bobadito, and Robban (in Sweden), are all short for Robert). ...
List of German code names:
- Golfplatz (German: Golfcourse) — England - employed by the Abwehr
- Samland — The United States (From Uncle Sam)- employed by the Abwehr
- Heimdall (A God whose power was "to see for a hundred miles") — long range radar.
- Wotan (one-eyed God) — Based on nothing more than this and the knowledge it was a radar system, R.V. Jones, a British scientist working for Air Intelligence of the British Air Ministry and SIS assumed that it used a single beam and from that determined the system it would have to use. His shrewd assessment was exactly correct. A counter-system was quickly created which made Wotan useless.
- Operation Seelöwe (Sealion) — Plans to invade Britain (The Royal Coat of Arms of England depicting three lions passant guardant).
- Operation Barbarossa (Frederick Barbarossa who went east on a crusade) — Plans to go east and invade the Soviet Union.
- Operation Weserübung (Crossing the Weser) — Plans to invade Norway via Danmark.
The Abwehr was a German intelligence organization from 1921 to 1944. ...
J. M. Flaggs 1917 Uncle Sam, based on the original British Lord Kitchener poster of three years earlier, was used to recruit soldiers for both World War I and World War II. Flagg used a modified version of his own face for Uncle Sam, and veteran Walter Botts provided...
The Abwehr was a German intelligence organization from 1921 to 1944. ...
Heimdall returns Brisingamen to Freya Heimdall (Old Norse Heimdallr, the prefix Heim- means world, the affix -dallr is of uncertain origin, perhaps it means pole, bright, or valley) is one of the Æsir in Norse mythology. ...
For other meanings of Odin and Wotan see Odin (disambiguation) Odin (Old Norse Óðinn, Swedish Oden) is usually considered the supreme god of Germanic and Norse mythology. ...
Professor R V Jones Reginald Victor Jones (28 September 1911–17 December 1997) was an English physicist and scientific military intelligence expert. ...
The Air Ministry was formerly a department of the United Kingdom Government, established in 1918 with the responsibility of managing the affairs of the (then newly formed) Royal Air Force. ...
The initials SIS may stand for: Secret Intelligence Service, UK intelligence agency, also known as MI6. ...
Operation Sealion (Unternehmen Seelöwe in German) was a World War II German plan to invade Britain. ...
Genera Eumetopias Zalophus Otaria Neophoca Phocarctos A sea lion rookery at Monterey, California A sea lion is any of several marine mammals of the family Otariidae. ...
The Royal Coat of Arms of the United Kingdom The Royal Arms of Her Majesty Queen Elizabeth II are her arms of dominion in right of the United Kingdom. ...
Combatants Germany Romania Finland Italy Hungary Slovakia Soviet Union Commanders Adolf Hitler Carl Gustaf Emil Mannerheim Joseph Stalin Strength ~ 3. ...
Frederick in a 13th century Chronicle Frederick I (German: Friedrich I. von Hohenstaufen)(1122 – June 10, 1190), also known as Friedrich Barbarossa (Frederick Redbeard) was elected king of Germany on March 4, 1152 and crowned Holy Roman Emperor on June 18, 1155. ...
Operation Weserübung was the German codename for Nazi Germanys assault on Denmark and Norway during World War II and the opening operation of the Norwegian Campaign. ...
Weser watershed The Weser is a river of north-western Germany. ...
Ironic code names of other powers Britain and the United States developed the security policy of assigning code names intended to give no such clues to the uninitiated. For example, the British counter measures against the V-2 was called Operation Crossbow. The assassination attempt against perhaps the only Nazi who looked like he belonged to a master race, Reinhard Heydrich, was named Operation Anthropoid (a word meaning man-like, and used to refer to bones of cave men). The code name for the American SR-71 spy plane project, producing the fastest, highest-flying aircraft in the world, was Oxcart. The American group that planned that country's first ICBM was called the Teapot Committee. German test launch. ...
The master race (German: Herrenrasse, ) is a concept in Nazi ideology, which holds that the Germanic and Nordic people represent an ideal and pure race.The pure race is generally pictured as a person with blonde hair and blue eyes in this concept. ...
Reinhard Heydrich as SS-Gruppenführer. ...
Reinhard Heydrich, the target of Operation Anthropoid. ...
The Lockheed SR-71, unofficially known as the Blackbird, is a long-range, advanced, strategic reconnaissance aircraft developed from the Lockheed A-12 and YF-12A aircraft by Lockheeds Skunk works, which was also responsible for the U-2 and many other advanced aircraft. ...
A Minuteman III ICBM test launch from Vandenberg AFB, CA. An intercontinental ballistic missile, or ICBM, is a very long-range (greater than 5,500 km or 3,500 miles) ballistic missile typically designed for nuclear weapons delivery, that is, delivering one or more nuclear warheads. ...
Although the word could stand for a menace to shipping (in this case, that of Japan) the American code name for the attack on the steamy jungle island of Guadalcanal in WWII was Operation Iceberg. And the Russian code name for the project to base missiles in Cuba was that named after their closest bomber base to the US (just across the Bering Strait from Nome, Alaska), Operation Anadyr. The names of colours are generally avoided in British and American practice to avoid confusion with meteorological reporting practices. Guadalcanal, position (inset) and main towns Guadalcanal is a 2,510 square mile (6 500 km²) island in the Pacific Ocean and a province of the Solomon Islands. ...
Operation Anadyr was the code name used by the Soviet Union for their Cold War (1962) plan to deploy ballistic missiles, medium-range bombers, and a regiment of mechanized infantry in Cuba. ...
Aircraft recognition reporting names Although the names of the German and Italian aircraft were not given code names by their Allied opponents, there was a series begun using names common among local people in the backwoods of the US, but considered ludicrous in the cities, for the Japanese aircraft: for example, "Zeke" for the Mitsubishi A6M Rei-sen (in practice, "Zeke" is a bad example of a reporting name, the aircraft was usually called a "Zero" by both American and Japanese).
Such a name differs from that used by the RAF for its own planes, which the name is the official designation by which the aircraft is referred by the service, or that used by the US services, in which the name is not really necessary, for it is the alphanumeric sequence which is official, and the troops can give the craft their own nickname anyway. It also differs from the secret code names given by a service to projects under development. However, it differs from the other use of code names in the more fundamental way that it doesn't have to be kept secret, but is a way of standardizing description. Alliterative series based on the names of the aircraft manufacturer were common, eg Bristol Bombay or Vickers Valiant. The Royal Air Force (RAF) is the air force branch of the British Armed Forces. ...
The Bristol Bombay was a medium bomber and troop transport aircraft flown by the Royal Air Force during the Second World War. ...
this article is about the jet powered bomber, for the biplane see Vickers 131 Valiant. ...
The policy of recognition reporting names was continued into the Cold War for Soviet, other Warsaw Pact, and Communist Chinese aircraft. Although this was started for the airplane spotters in the service of the English-speaking allies (the Air Standards Co-ordinating Committee), it was extended throughout NATO as the NATO reporting name for aircraft, rockets and missiles. These names were considered by the Soviets as being like a nickname given to one's unit by the opponents in a battle, such as the US Marines were called by the Germans in France "Devil Dogs", which they appreciated as a feather in their cap. The Soviets did not like the Sukhoi 25 getting the code name "Frogfoot." The Cold War was the period of protracted conflict and competition between the United States and the Soviet Union and their allies from the late 1940s until the late 1980s. ...
NATO reporting names were code names for Soviet and Chinese military equipment. ...
The sequence by which a code name was given is as follows: aerial or space reconnaissance would note a new aircraft at a base, say "Ramenskoye". The intelligence units would give it an abbreviation of the base, then a letter, for example, "Ram-A". Missiles were given designations like "TT-5", for the fifth rocket seen at Tyura-Tam. When more information resulted in knowing a bit about what a missile was used for, it would be given a designation like "SS-6". Finally, when either an aircraft or a missile was able to be photographed with "a hand-held camera", instead of a reconnaissance aircraft, it was given a name like "Flanker" or "Scud" -- always an English word, as international pilots worldwide are required to learn English. The Soviet manufacturer or designation has nothing to do with it, and can even be mistaken by the Allies. Map showing Baikonurs location in Kazakhstan. ...
Jet-powered aircraft received two-syllable names (like Foxbat), while propeller aircraft were designated with short names (like Bull). Fighter names began with an 'F,' bombers with a 'B,' cargo aircraft with a 'C.' Training aircraft and reconnaissance aircraft were grouped under the word "miscellaneous," and received 'M.'
Tank code names Just as the RAF required a name for its official designation of an aircraft, even when the supplier (the US, for example) did not supply one, so too did the British Army require a name for a tank. The M3 series of tanks were given the code names Grant and Lee by the latter, after the American Civil War generals. This is the origin of the later US habit of naming tanks after generals. The French have continued this with the Leclerc. For their own part, the British settled into a system of giving tanks names that begin with the letter C. The Royal Air Force (RAF) is the air force branch of the British Armed Forces. ...
The gunners position, looking down from the turret roof. ...
Churchill on code names for military operations In a minute on August 8, 1943 Winston Churchill wrote to General "Pug" Ismay, Military Secretary of the Defence Committee of the British Cabinet: ‹ The template below has been proposed for deletion. ...
- Operations in which large numbers of men may lose their lives ought not to be decided by code-words that imply a boastful and over-confident sentiment, such as "Triumphant," or conversely, which are calculated to invest the plan with an air of despondency, such as "Woebetide" and "Flimsy." They ought not to be names of a frivolous character, such as "Bunnyhug" and "Ballyhoo." They should not be ordinary words often used in other connections, such as "Flood," "Sudden," and "Supreme." Names of living people (ministers or commanders) should be avoided. Intelligent thought will already supply an unlimited number of well-sounding names that do not suggest the character of the operation or disparage it in any way and do not enable some widow or mother to say that her son was killed in an operation called "Bunnyhug" or "Ballyhoo." Proper names are good in this field. The heroes of antiquity, figures from Greek and Roman mythology, the constellations and stars, famous racehorses, names of British and American war heroes, could be used, provided they fall within the rules above.
Military operations since Churchill Throughout the Second World War, the British allocation practice favored one-word code names (Jubilee, Imperator). That of the Americans favored longer compound words, although the name Overlord was personally chosen by Winston Churchill himself. Many examples of both types can be cited, as can exceptions. Dieppes pebble beach and cliff immediately following the raid on August 19th, 1942. ...
The Battle of Normandy was fought in 1944 between the German forces occupying Western Europe and the invading Allies. ...
‹ The template below has been proposed for deletion. ...
Presently, British forces tend to use one-word names, presumably in keeping with their post-World War 2 policy of reserving single words for operations and two-word names for exercises. Americans prefer two-word names. The Canadians and Australians use either. The French military currently prefer names drawn from nature (such as colors or the names of animals). The American CIA uses alphabetical prefixes to designate the part of the agency supporting an operation.
In many cases with US the first word of the name has to do with the intent of the program, programs with HAVE as the first word, such as HAVE BLUE for the stealth fighter development, are developmental programs, not meant to produce a production aircraft, while programs that start with Senior, such as Senior Trend for the F-117, are for aircraft in testing meant to enter production.
In the US, code names are commonly set entirely in upper case. This is not done in other countries.
This presents an opportunity for a bit of public-relations (Operation Just Cause), or for controversy over the naming choice (Operation Infinite Justice, renamed Operation Enduring Freedom). Computers are now used to aid in the selection. And further, there is a distinction between the secret names during former wars and the published names of recent ones. Operation Desert Shield was what the build-up in Saudi Arabia was blatantly referred to in the press, before war was declared. During this time, "Desert Storm" was secret. When the war broke out, the name Operation Desert Storm -- but not the tactical details -- was also broken to the press. Combatants United States Panama Commanders General Carl W. Stiner Manuel Noriega Strength 27,684+ 3,000+ Casualties 23 Dead, 324 Wounded 450 Military, 200-4,000 Civilian U.S. Army 7th Infantry Division (light) soldiers prepare to take La Comandancia in the El Chorrillo neighborhood of Panama City, December 1989. ...
Combatants United States Canada United Kingdom Philippines (in the Philippines theatre only) Northern Alliance Taliban al-Qaeda Abu Sayyaf Jemaah Islamiyah Commanders General Tommy Franks Brig. ...
See also: 2003 invasion of Iraq and Gulf War (disambiguation) C Company, 1st Battalion, The Staffordshire Regiment, 1st UK Armoured Division The Persian Gulf War was a conflict between Iraq and a coalition force of 34 nations led by the United States. ...
Combatants U.S.-led coalition Iraq Commanders George H. W. Bush, Norman Schwarzkopf, Colin Powell Saddam Hussein, Ali Hassan Al-Majid, Hussein Kamel Strength 660,000 ~545,000 Casualties 345 dead, 1,000 wounded 25,000 - 100,000 dead, 100,000 - 300,000 wounded The 1991 Gulf War (also Persian...
Famous military and espionage code names Reinhard Heydrich, the target of Operation Anthropoid. ...
Reinhard Heydrich as SS-Gruppenführer. ...
This article or section does not cite its references or sources. ...
Combatants Germany Romania Finland Italy Hungary Slovakia Soviet Union Commanders Adolf Hitler Carl Gustaf Emil Mannerheim Joseph Stalin Strength ~ 3. ...
Combatants United States United Kingdom Canada Free France Poland Germany Commanders Dwight Eisenhower (Supreme Allied Commander) Bernard Montgomery (land) Bertram Ramsay (sea) Trafford Leigh-Mallory (air) Gerd von Rundstedt (OB WEST) Erwin Rommel (Heeresgruppe B) Friedrich Dollmann () Strength 326,000 (by June 11) Unknown, probably some 1,000,000 in...
The Manhattan Project resulted in the development of the first nuclear weapons, and the first-ever nuclear detonation, at the Trinity test of July 16, 1945. ...
An early stage in the Trinity fireball. ...
A postwar Little Boy casing mockup. ...
A post-war Fat Man model. ...
The mushroom cloud of the atomic bombing of Nagasaki, Japan, 1945, rose some 18 km (11 mi) above the epicenter. ...
Combatants Major Allied powers: United Kingdom Soviet Union United States Republic of China and others Major Axis powers: Nazi Germany Italy Japan and others Commanders Winston Churchill Joseph Stalin Franklin Roosevelt Harry Truman Chiang Kai-Shek Adolf Hitler Benito Mussolini Hideki Tojo Casualties Military dead: 17,000,000 Civilian dead...
Wikipedia does not yet have an article with this exact name. ...
// Tube Alloys was the code-name for the British nuclear weapon programme during World War II, when the very possibility of nuclear weapons was kept at such a high level of secrecy that it had to be referred to by code even in the highest circles of government. ...
Commercial code names in the computer industry Code names are also commonplace in the computer world where products are informally given names during development. These names are usually only meant for use inside the company, and are dropped once the product is given an official designation under which it is to be marketed to the public. In recent years there has been a growing tendency of computer companies to make their codenames more public and more prominent. For example, Apple Computer's most recent operating system, Mac OS X, is publicly marketed by its versions' codenames: Cheetah, Puma, Jaguar, Panther, Tiger and the upcoming Leopard, expected to be released in Spring of 2007. Microsoft, whose future Microsoft Windows release is still under development, was initially identified publicly by its codename Longhorn, with Windows XP being Whistler, and Media Center Edition 2004 and 2005 being Harmony and Symphony, respectively. A BlueGene supercomputer cabinet. ...
Apple Computer, Inc. ...
Mac OS X (official IPA pronunciation: ) is a line of proprietary, graphical operating systems developed, marketed, and sold by Apple Computer, the latest of which is pre-loaded on all currently shipping Macintosh computers. ...
Mac OS X version 10. ...
Mac OS X version 10. ...
Mac OS X version 10. ...
To meet Wikipedias quality standards, this article or section may require cleanup. ...
Mac OS X version 10. ...
Mac OS X v10. ...
You can give the gift of knowledge by donating to the Wikimedia Foundation! This Page e-gold. ...
Microsoft Windows is the name of several families of operating systems by Microsoft. ...
Windows Vista is the name of the latest release of Microsoft Windows, a line of proprietary graphical operating systems used on personal computers, including home and business desktops, notebook computers, and media centers. ...
Whistler can refer to the following: Whistler, British Columbia - the municipality of the 2010 Winter Olympics Alpine events Whistler-Blackcomb - the ski resort that will host the 2010 Winter Olympics Alpine events Whistler (radio) - a very low frequency radio phenomenon. ...
A project code name is a code name (usually a single word, short phrase or acronym) which is given to a project being developed by industry, academia, government, and other concerns. It has been suggested that this article or section be merged with Backronym and Apronym (Discuss) Acronyms and initialisms are abbreviations, such as NATO, laser, and ABC, written as the initial letter or letters of words, and pronounced on the basis of this abbreviated written form. ...
A project is a temporary endeavor undertaken to create a unique product or service. ...
Plato is credited with the inception of academia: the body of knowledge, its development and transmission across generations. ...
Reasons for a project code name Project code names are typically used for several reasons: - To uniquely identify the project within the organization. Code names are frequently chosen to be outside the normal business/domain jargon that the organization uses, in order to not conflict with established terminology.
- To assist with maintaining secrecy of the project against rival concerns. Some corporations routinely change project names in order to further confuse competitors.
- When the goal of the project is to develop one or more commercial products, use of a code name allows the eventual choice of product nomenclature (the name the product(s) are marketed and sold under) to be decoupled from the development effort. This is especially important when one project generates multiple products, or multiple projects are needed to produce a single product. This allows for subprojects to be given a separate identity from the main project.
- As a political tool by management, to decouple an early phase of a development effort (which may have failed) from a subsequent phase (which may be given a "fresh start").
- To prevent casual observers from concluding that a pre-release version is a new release of the product, thus helping reduce confusion.
Different organizations have different policies regarding the use and publication of project code names. Some companies take great pains to never discuss or disclose project code names outside of the company (other than with outside entities who have a need to know, and typically are bound with a non-disclosure agreement). Other companies never use them in official or formal communications, but widely disseminate project code names through informal channels (often in an attempt to create a marketing "buzz" for the project). Still others (such as Microsoft) discuss code names publicly, and routinely use project code names on beta releases and such, but remove them from final product(s). At the other end of the spectrum, Apple Computer has recently been including the project code names for Mac OS X as part of the official product name. Secrecy is the practice of hiding information from others. ...
A non-disclosure agreement (NDA), also called a confidential disclosure agreement (CDA), confidentiality agreement or secrecy agreement, is a legal contract between at least two parties which outlines confidential materials or knowledge the parties wish to share with one another for certain purposes, but wish to restrict from generalized use. ...
You can give the gift of knowledge by donating to the Wikimedia Foundation! This Page e-gold. ...
Apple Computer, Inc. ...
Mac OS X (official IPA pronunciation: ) is a line of proprietary, graphical operating systems developed, marketed, and sold by Apple Computer, the latest of which is pre-loaded on all currently shipping Macintosh computers. ...
Well-known project code names - Intel often names CPU projects after rivers in the American West, particularly in the state of Oregon (where most of Intel's CPU projects are designed). Examples include Willamette, Deschutes, Yamhill, Tualatin, and Clackamas.
- Apple Computer has named the various major releases of Mac OS X after big cats, such as Jaguar, Tiger, Panther and Leopard. Also a redesign of Mac OS had the code name Copland, after composer Aaron Copland.
- Apple got into a legal battle in 1993 with the late astronomer Carl Sagan, when Mr. Sagan objected (via his lawyers) to a project within Apple with the code name Carl Sagan (apparently chosen under the belief that it would earn Apple "billion and billions" of dollars). The project was renamed BHA (short for "Butt-head Astronomer"). Sagan sued Apple for libel, claiming that the pejorative "Butt-head" was defamatory, and lost.
You can give the gift of knowledge by donating to the Wikimedia Foundation! This Page e-gold. ...
Microsoft Windows is the name of several families of operating systems by Microsoft. ...
Windows 95 is a consumer-oriented graphical user interface-based operating system. ...
Windows NT 3. ...
Windows Vista is the name of the latest release of Microsoft Windows, a line of proprietary graphical operating systems used on personal computers, including home and business desktops, notebook computers, and media centers. ...
Windows 98 (codenamed Memphis) is a graphical operating system released on June 25, 1998 by Microsoft and the successor to Windows 95. ...
Windows XP is a line of operating systems developed by Microsoft for use on general-purpose computer systems, including home and business desktops, notebook computers, and media centers. ...
Windows NT 4. ...
The Xbox 360 is the successor to Microsofts Xbox video game console, developed in cooperation with IBM, ATI, Samsung and SiS. Information on the console first came through viral marketing campaigns and it was officially unveiled on MTV on May 12, 2005, with detailed launch and game information divulged...
Microsoft codenames are the codenames given by Microsoft to products it has in development, before these products are given the names by which they appear on store shelves. ...
Intel Corporation (NASDAQ: INTC, SEHK: 4335), founded in 1968 as Integrated Electronics Corporation, is an American multinational corporation that is best known for designing and manufacturing microprocessors and specialized integrated circuits. ...
River upstream of an Australian trout farm A river is a large natural waterway. ...
Official language(s) None Capital Salem Largest city Portland Area Ranked 9th - Total 98,466 sq mi (255,026 km²) - Width 260 miles (420 km) - Length 360 miles (580 km) - % water 2. ...
Apple Computer, Inc. ...
Mac OS X (official IPA pronunciation: ) is a line of proprietary, graphical operating systems developed, marketed, and sold by Apple Computer, the latest of which is pre-loaded on all currently shipping Macintosh computers. ...
Big cat refers to the medium-to-large wild felids of The Americas, Africa, Asia, and Europe. ...
Copland was a project at Apple Computer to create an updated version of the Macintosh operating system. ...
A composer is a person who writes music. ...
Aaron Copland Aaron Copland (November 14, 1900 – December 2, 1990) was an American composer of concert and film music. ...
1993 (MCMXCIII) was a common year starting on Friday of the Gregorian calendar and marked the Beginning of the International Decade to Combat Racism and Racial Discrimination (1993-2003). ...
Carl Edward Sagan (November 9, 1934 – December 20, 1996) was an American astronomer, astrobiologist, and highly successful science popularizer. ...
Nintendo Company, Limited (ä»»å¤©å ‚ or ニンテンドー NintendÅ; NASDAQ: NTDOY, TYO: 7974 usually referred to as simply Nintendo, or Big N ) is a multinational corporation founded on September 23, 1889[1] in Kyoto, Japan by Fusajiro Yamauchi to produce handmade hanafuda cards. ...
The Wii (pronounced as the pronoun we, IPA: ) is Nintendos seventh-generation video game console. ...
The Nintendo GameCube , GCN) is Nintendos fourth home video game console, belonging to the sixth generation era. ...
GBA redirects here. ...
Atlantis (Greek: , Island of Atlas) is the name of an island first mentioned and described by the classical Greek philosopher Plato. ...
The Nintendo 64 ) is Nintendos third home video game console for the international market. ...
The Nintendo DS, sometimes abbreviated NDS or DS, is a handheld game console developed and manufactured by Nintendo, and first released in 2004. ...
Game Boy Micro is a handheld game console developed and manufactured by Nintendo. ...
The mushroom cloud of the atomic bombing of Nagasaki, Japan, 1945, rose some 18 km (11 mi) above the epicenter. ...
The Manhattan Project resulted in the development of the first nuclear weapons, and the first-ever nuclear detonation, at the Trinity test of July 16, 1945. ...
The Japanese city of Hiroshima ) is the capital of Hiroshima Prefecture, and the largest city in the Chūgoku region of western Honshū, the largest of Japans islands. ...
Nagasaki (Japanese: 長崎市, Nagasaki-shi , long peninsula) is the capital and the largest city of Nagasaki Prefecture in Japan. ...
A postwar Little Boy casing mockup. ...
A post-war Fat Man model. ...
Mozilla is a computer term which has had many different uses, though all of them have been related to the now-defunct Netscape Communications Corporation and its related application software. ...
Firefox redirects here. ...
See also A Code word may refer any of several concepts: For telecommunications senses, see Code word (telecommunication). ...
CIA cryptonyms are code words seen in declassified documents of the US Central Intelligence Agency. ...
This is a list of missions, operations, and projects. ...
Microsoft codenames are the codenames given by Microsoft to products it has in development, before these products are given the names by which they appear on store shelves. ...
NATO reporting names were code names for Soviet and Chinese military equipment. ...
FAA radiotelephony phonetic alphabet and Morse code chart. ...
The Rainbow Codes were a series of code names used to disguise the nature of various British military research projects from after the Second World War until 1958 when they were replaced by an alphanumeric code system. ...
An example of a U.S. classified document; page 13 of a U.S. National Security Agency report [1] on the USS Liberty incident, partially declassified and released to the public in July 2003. ...
Words in English with the suffix -onym (from the Greek onoma which means name) refer to words with a particular property. ...
This article is about the term working title. ...
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