The Coeur d'Alene are a First Nations/Native American people who lived in villages along the Coeur d'Alene, St. Joe, Clark Fork and Spokane Rivers; as well as sites on the shores of Lake Coeur d'Alene, Lake Pend Oreille and Hayden Lake, in what is now northern Idaho, eastern Washington and western Montana. Carved mask in Vancouver First Nations is a term for ethnicity used in Canada to replace the word Indian. It refers to the Indigenous peoples of North America located in what is now Canada, and their descendants, who are not Inuit or Métis. ... Chief Quanah Parker of the Quahadi Comanche Native Americans in the United States (also Indians, American Indians, First Americans, Indigenous Peoples, Aboriginal Peoples, Aboriginal Americans, Amerindians, Amerinds, or Original Americans) are those indigenous peoples within the territory which is now encompassed by the continental United States, and their descendants in... The Coeur dAlene River flows from the Silver Valley into Lake Coeur dAlene in the U.S. state of Idaho. ... The Clark Fork River is a river in the U.S. states of Montana and Idaho, approximately 360 mi (579 km). ... The Spokane River is a tributary of the Columbia River, approximately 100 mi (161 km) long, in northern Idaho and eastern Washington in the United States. ... Lake Coeur dAlene is located in Northern Idaho. ... Introduction to the Lake Garfield Bay on Lake Pend Oreille A lake in northern Idaho, with a area of 148 square miles. ... Hayden Lake is a city located in Kootenai County, Idaho. ... Official language(s) English Capital Boise Largest city Boise Area  - Total  - Width  - Length  - % water  - Latitude  - Longitude Ranked 14th 216,632 km² 491 km 771 km 0. ... Official language(s) None Capital Olympia Largest city Seattle Area  - Total  - Width  - Length  - % water  - Latitude  - Longitude Ranked 18th 184,824 km² 385 km 580 km 6. ... Official language(s) English Capital Helena Largest city Billings Area  - Total  - Width  - Length  - % water  - Latitude  - Longitude Ranked 4th 381,156 km² 410 km 1,015 km 1 44°26 N to 49° N 104°2 W to 116°2 W Population  - Total (2000)  - Density Ranked 44th 902,195 2. ...

In their language, members call themselves, Schitsu'umsh (or Skitswish), meaning The Discovered People or Those Who Are Found Here. Early French fur traders in the late 18th or early 19th century gave them their non-native name. The name, Coeur d'Alene means Heart of an Awl, referring to the perceived shrewdness of the trading skills exhibited by the tribe. // Indian trade The fur trade (also called the Indian trade) was a huge part of the early history of contact in North America between European-Americans and American Indians (now often called Native Americans in the United States and First Nations in Canada). ... (17th century - 18th century - 19th century - more centuries) As a means of recording the passage of time, the 18th century refers to the century that lasted from 1701 through 1800. ... Alternative meaning: Nineteenth Century (periodical) (18th century — 19th century — 20th century — more centuries) As a means of recording the passage of time, the 19th century was that century which lasted from 1801-1900 in the sense of the Gregorian calendar. ...

Language

The native language is Coeur d'Alene, a Salishan language. The Salishan (also Salish) languages are a group of languages of western Canada and the Pacific Northwest of the United States. ...

• Hnqwa̱'qwe'elm
• Hear the language spoken
• Coeur pedagogical video

Geography

Traditional lands

For thousands of years the Schitsu’umsh lived in what would become the Panhandle region of Idaho. Originally the tribe roamed an area of over 4 million acres (16,000 km²) of grass-covered hills, camas-prairie, forested mountains, lakes, marshes and river habitat in northern Idaho, eastern Washington and western Montana. The territory extended from the southern end of Lake Pend Oreille in the north running along the Bitterroot Range of Montana in the east to the Palouse and North Fork of the Clearwater Rivers in the south to Steptoe Butte and up to just east of Spokane Falls in the west. At the center of this region was Lake Coeur d'Alene. The Coeur d’Alene lived in areas of abundance that included trout, salmon, and whitefish. The tribe supplemented hunting and gathering activities by fishing the St. Joe River and the Spokane River. They used gaff hooks, spears, nets, and traps and angled for fish. A panhandle is a geographic term for a long and usually thin projection of a U.S. state. ... Official language(s) English Capital Boise Largest city Boise Area  - Total  - Width  - Length  - % water  - Latitude  - Longitude Ranked 14th 216,632 km² 491 km 771 km 0. ... Species See text Camassia is a genus that historically used to belong to the lily family (Liliaceae), the Scilloideae family, or the Hyacinthinaceae family. ... Official language(s) None Capital Olympia Largest city Seattle Area  - Total  - Width  - Length  - % water  - Latitude  - Longitude Ranked 18th 184,824 km² 385 km 580 km 6. ... Official language(s) English Capital Helena Largest city Billings Area  - Total  - Width  - Length  - % water  - Latitude  - Longitude Ranked 4th 381,156 km² 410 km 1,015 km 1 44°26 N to 49° N 104°2 W to 116°2 W Population  - Total (2000)  - Density Ranked 44th 902,195 2. ... The Bitterroot Range is a range of mountains along the Montana and Idaho border in the northwestern United States. ... For the river in New Zealand, see Clearwater River, New Zealand For the river in Alberta, Canada, see Clearwater River, Alberta For the river in Saskatchewan, Canada, see Clearwater River, Saskatchewan The Clearwater River is a river in northern Idaho that flows from the Idaho-Montana border westward to join... Lake Coeur dAlene is located in Northern Idaho. ... Rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) Biwa trout (Oncorhynchus masou subsp) Trout is the common name given to a number of species of freshwater fishes belonging to the salmon family, Salmonidae. ... The Chinook or King Salmon is the largest salmon in North America and can grow up to 58 long and 126 pounds. ... Species (see text) For other uses of the term Whitefish, see Whitefish. ... The Spokane River is a tributary of the Columbia River, approximately 100 mi (161 km) long, in northern Idaho and eastern Washington in the United States. ...

Reservation lands

The Coeur d'Alene lands were reduced to approximately 600,000 acres (2,400 km²) in 1873 when U.S. President Ulysses Grant established the Coeur d'Alene Indian Reservation by Executive Order. Successive government acts cut their property to 345,000 acres (1,400 km²) near Plummer, south of the town of Coeur d’Alene. 1873 was a common year starting on Wednesday (see link for calaber). ... For the pop band, see Presidents of the United States of America. ... Ulysses Simpson Grant (April 27, 1822 – July 23, 1885) was an American Civil War General and the 18th (1869–1877) President of the United States. ... Plummer is a city located in Benewah County, Idaho. ...

Neighboring tribes

• Confederated Tribes of the Colville Reservation

• Kootenai-Salish (Flatheads)

• Nez Perce

• Spokane

The Colville Indian Reservation is an Indian reservation in eastern Washington State, inhabited and managed by Confederated Tribes of the Colville Reservation, which is recognized by the United States of America as an American Indian Tribe. ... The Flathead Indian Reservation is located in western Montana, it is home to the Bitterroot Salish, Kootenai and Pend dOreilles Tribes - also known as the Confederated Salish and Kootenai Tribes of the Flathead Nation (1). ... Nez Perce photographed in the 19th century The Nez Perce or Nez Percé (pronounced /n3z pVrs/, or /ne perse/ as in French) are a tribe of Native Americans who inhabited the Pacific Northwest region of North America and adjoining regions at the time of the Lewis and Clark Expedition. ... The Spokane are First Nation/Native American people in northeastern Washington State. ...

History

The early tribal economy was based upon hunting, fishing, and gathering. Dissatisfaction with treaties being negotiated for tribal lands led to battles with federal troops in 1858.

ujytiuyfjkryujghfhjfjhfjjhhhhhhhhfg

Demographics

Population statistics

Economic status

Industries

• Tribal businesses include The Coeur d'Alene Casino, Hotel, and Circling Ravens Golf Course facilities north of Worley, Idaho. Tribal gaming employs about 500 and generates about $20 million in profits annually, funding programs and creating economic development and diversity.

• The tribe operates the Benewah Automotive Center, the Benewah Market, and Ace Hardware located in Plummer, Idaho.

• The tribal farm covers about 6,000 acres (24 km²) and produces wheat, barley, peas, lentils, and canola.

Worley is a city located in Kootenai County, Idaho. ... Plummer is a city located in Benewah County, Idaho. ... Species T. boeoticum T. durum T. monococcum T. spelta References:   ITIS 42236 2002-09-22 Wheat (Triticum spp. ... Binomial name Hordeum vulgare L. Barley (Hordeum vulgare) is a major food and animal feed crop, a member of the grass family Poaceae. ... Binomial name Pisum sativum L. A pea is the small, edible round green bean which grows in a pod on the leguminous vine Pisum sativum. ... Binomial name Lens culinaris Medikus The lentil (Lens culinaris) is a bushy annual plant of the legume family, grown for its lens-shaped seeds. ... Canola field near Red Deer, Alberta Canola field in Temora In agriculture, Canola is a trademarked cultivar of the rapeseed plant from which rapeseed oil is obtained. ...

Cities

• DeSmet
• Plummer
• Tensed
• Worley

Plummer is a city located in Benewah County, Idaho. ... Tensed is a city located in Benewah County, Idaho. ... Worley is a city located in Kootenai County, Idaho. ...

Tribal services

Health and wellness

The Coeur d’Alene Tribe has a health care facility which opened in 1998 named the Benewah Medical Center. The center was recognized as a national model for Indian Health Care and rural health care. The clinic provides comprehensive primary care services including dental, mental health services and community health outreach services to both the Native American population and general community.

Indian Health Service

Schools

Coeur d’Alene tribal School

Natural Resource Management

Tribal traditions include a respect and reverence for natural law, and for responsible environmental stewardship. The tribe is active in the protection, conservation and enhancement of fish and wildlife resources; as well as conservation issues that impact tribal resources. U.S. courts recently ruled that the tribe has jurisdiction over the lower third of Lake Coeur d’Alene, as well as 20 miles of the St. Joe River. The State of Idaho is appealing that decision.

Plummer Wind Energy Project

Recreation

Trail of the Coeur d’Alenes

Bibliography

Non-fiction

• Chalfant, Stuart A; Bischoff, William N. Historical material relative to Coeur d'Alene Indian aboriginal distribution. New York: Garland Pub. Inc, 1974

• Cody, Edmund R. History of the Coeur d'Alene Mission of the Sacred Heart : Old Mission, Cataldo, Idaho : on the Union Pacific between Spokane and Wallace and on the Yellowstone Trail between Coeur d'Alene and Kellogg. Caldwell, Idaho : Caxton Printers, 1930

• Coeur d’Alene. Idaho Encyclopedia

• The Coeur D'Alene Indian Reservation. Fairfield, Wash.: Ye Galleon Press, 1970.

• Diomedi, Alexander. Sketches of modern Indian life. Woodstock, Md., 1894 (A photocopy of the original is available for viewing in Manuscripts Archives and Special Collections at Washington State University in Pullman, WA.)

• Fahey, John. Saving the reservation: Joe Garry and the battle to be Indian. Seattle: University of Washington Press, 2001.

• Fortier, Ted. Religion and resistance in the encounter between the Coeur d'Alene Indians and Jesuit missionaries. Lewiston, N.Y.: Edwin Mellen Press, 2002.

• Frey, Rodney, edited. Stories that Make the World: Oral Literature of the Indian Peoples of the Inland Northwest as told by Lawrence Aripa, Tom Yellowtail and other Elders. Norman and London: University of Oklahoma Press, 1995.

• Hale, Janet Campbell. Bloodlines: odyssey of a native daughter. New York: Random House, 1993.

• Johnson, Lawrence and Peterson, Jacqueline The People today - Closing the circle. Pullman, Wash.: Washington State Univ., c1993. (This is a videorecording by Lawrence Johnson Productions and the De Smet Project "Sacred encounters.")

• Johnson, Robert Erik. The Role of phonetic detail in Coeur d'Alene phonology. Pullman, Washington: Washington State University, 1975. Thesis (Ph.D.)

• Kowrach, Edward and Thomas Connolly, edited. Saga of the Coeur d’Alene Indians: An Account of Chief Joseph Seltice. Fairfield, Washington: Ye Galleon Press, 1990.

• Mainstream (videorecording). Spokane School District #81. Spokane, Wash.: KSPS-TV ; distributed by GPN Films, 1977. (From an essay 'Beyond mainstream America' by Janet Campbell-Hale. Featuring Diana Abrahamson, Torry Abrahamson, Lorena Abrahamson, Cecilia Abrahamson, Louie Andrews, Dave Edinger, Tillie Mommee. This segment explores the resurgence of pride in tribal values and identities as it looks at the life-styles, culture and lore of the Colville, Flathead, Cour d'Alene, Kalispel, Kootenai, Nez Perce, and Spokane Indians.)

• Manring, Benjamin Franklin. The Conquest of the Coeur d'Alenes, Spokanes and Palouses - the expeditions of Colonels E.J. Steptoe and George Wright against the "northern Indians" in 1858. Spokane, Wash.: Printed by Inland Printing Company, 1912.

• Nicodemus, Lawrence G. Snchitsuumshtsn : the Coeur d'Alene language : a modern course. Plummer, Idaho : Coeur d'Alene Tribe, l975.

• The Old Mission Church of the Coeur d'Alene Indians. Spokane: Gonzaga College Press.

• Palladino, Lawrence B. The Coeur d'Alene Reservation and Our friends the Coeur d'Aleine Indians. Fairfield, Wash.: Galleon Press, 1967.

• Peterson, Jacqueline. Sacred Encounters: Father DeSmet and the Indians of the Rocky Mountain West. Pullman: The DeSmet Project, Washington State University in association with the Norman and London: University of Oklahoma Press, 1993.

• Peltier, Jerome. Manners and Customs of the Coeur d’Alene Indians. Spokane: Peltier: Publications, 1975.

• Peltier, Jerome. A Brief History of the Coeur d’Alene Indians: 1806-1909. Fairfield, Washington: Ye Galleon Press, 1981.

• Point, Nicolas, Wilderness Kingdom. Indian Life in the Rocky Mountains: 1840-1847; The Journal and Paintings of Nicolas Point. S.J. Translated by Joseph Donnelly. New York: Holt, Rinehart and Winston, 1967.

• Ray, Verne. Cultural Relations in the Plateau of Northwestern America. Los Angeles: Publications of the Frederick Webb Hodge Anniversary Publication Fund, Vol. 3., 1939.

• Reichard, Gladys. An Analysis of Coeur d’Alene Indian Myths. Philadelphia: American Folklore Society, 1947. New York: Kraus Reprint, 1969.

• Teit, James and Franz Boas. Coeur d’Alene, Flathead and Okanogan Indians. Fairfield, Washington: Ye Galleon Press, 1985. (Originally published in 1930 as part of the Forty-Fifth Annual Report of the Bureau of American Ethnology.)

• Teit, James and Franz Boas. Folk-Tales of Salish and Sahaptin Tribes. Lancaster, Pennsylvania: American Folklore Society, 1917.

• Teit, James and Franz Boas. The Salishan tribes of the western plateaus. Washington : U.S. G.P.O., 1930.

• Wagner, Jill Maria. Language, power, and ethnicity on the Coeur d'Alene Reservation. Pullman, Wash.: Washington State University, 1997. Thesis (Ph. D.)--Washington State University, 1997.

Fiction

• Hale, Janet Campbell. The Owl's song. Garden City, N.Y.: Doubleday 1974

• Matheson, David. Red Thunder. Portland, Oregon: Media Weavers, 2001

External links

• The Official Site of the Coeur d’Alene Tribe
• Idaho Natives Project
• Coeur d’Alene Mission State Park
• Coeur d’Alene Casino
• Idaho v. US
• Lewis and Clark Rediscovery Project
• Encyclopedia of North American Indians
• Idaho State Judiciary site
• Catholic Encyclopedia article