NationMaster - Encyclopedia: Collage

A collage (From the French: coller, to glue) is a work of formal art, primarily in the visual arts, made from an assemblage of different forms, thus creating a new whole. Use of this technique made its dramatic appearance among oil paintings in the early 20th century as an art form of groundbreaking novelty. For other uses, see College (disambiguation). ... Look up Collage in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ... Image File history File links Download high-resolution version (972x1296, 290 KB) File links The following pages on the English Wikipedia link to this file (pages on other projects are not listed): Collage ... Image File history File links Download high-resolution version (972x1296, 290 KB) File links The following pages on the English Wikipedia link to this file (pages on other projects are not listed): Collage ... The Mona Lisa is one of the most recognizable artistic paintings in the Western world. ... Assemblage is an art term used to describe many different art forms, and movements. ... Mona Lisa, Oil on wood panel painting by Leonardo da Vinci. ... This article is about the philosophical concept of Art. ...

An artistic collage work may include newspaper clippings, ribbons, bits of colored or hand-made papers, portions of other artwork, photographs, and such, glued to a piece of paper or canvas. Clipping is the cutting-out of articles from a paper publication. ... For a monthly Japanese shÅjo manga magazine, see Ribon. ... For other uses, see Photograph (disambiguation). ...

Techniques of collage were first used at the time of the invention of paper in China around 200 BC. The use of collage, however, remained very limited until the 10th century in Japan, when calligraphers began to apply glued paper, using texts on surfaces, when writing their poems.^[1] The Diamond Sutra of the Chinese Tang Dynasty, the oldest dated printed book in the world, found at Dunhuang, from 868 AD. Papermaking is the process of making paper, a material which is ubiquitous today for writing and packaging. ... The History of Japanese calligraphy () has been heavily influenced by Chinese calligraphy. ... Poetry (ancient Greek: poieo = create) is an art form in which human language is used for its aesthetic qualities in addition to, or instead of, its notional and semantic content. ...

The technique of collage appeared in medieval Europe during the 13th century. Gold leaf panels started to be applied in Gothic cathedrals around the 15th and 16th centuries. Gemstones and other precious metals were applied to religious images, icons, and also, to coats of arms.^[1] The Middle Ages formed the middle period in a traditional schematic division of European history into three ages: the classical civilization of Antiquity, the Middle Ages, and modern times, beginning with the Renaissance. ... It has been suggested that this article or section be merged with Metal leaf. ... Gothic architecture characterizes any of the styles of European architecture, particularly associated with cathedrals and other churches, in use throughout Europe during the high and late medieval period, from the 12th century onwards. ... For other uses, see Gemstone (disambiguation). ... For the CSI episode of the same name, see Precious Metal (CSI episode). ... This article is about the religious artifacts. ... Heraldry is the science and art of describing of coats-of-arms, also referred to as achievements or armorial bearings. ...

In the 19th century, collage methods also were used among hobbyists for memorabilia (i.e. applied to photo albums) and books (i.e. Hans Christian Andersen, Carl Spitzweg).^[1] A souvenir stall in London, England A souvenir (from the French for memory) is an object that is treasured for the memories associated with it. ... A photo album is a collection of a series of photographs in a book. ... For other uses, see Hans Christian Andersen (disambiguation). ... The Poor Poet, 1839. ...

The term collage derives from the French "coller" meaning "glue".^[2] This term was coined by both Georges Braque and Pablo Picasso in the beginning of the 20th century when collage became a distinctive part of modern art. Look up glue in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ... Violin and Candlestick, Paris, spring 1910, San Francisco Museum of Modern Art Georges Braque (May 13, 1882 â€“ August 31, 1963) was a major 20th century French painter and sculptor who, along with Pablo Picasso, developed the art movement known as cubism. ... Picasso redirects here. ... Dejeuner sur lHerbe by Pablo Picasso At the Moulin Rouge: Two Women Waltzing by Henri de Toulouse-Lautrec, 1892 The Scream by Edvard Munch, 1893 I and the Village by Marc Chagall, 1911 Fountain by Marcel Duchamp, 1917 Campbells Soup Cans 1962 Synthetic polymer paint on thirty-two...

Collage and modernism

Despite the pre-twentieth-century use of collage-like application techniques, authorities on art history generally do not consider collage, properly speaking, to have emerged until after 1900, in conjunction with the early stages of modernism. For example, the Tate Gallery's online art glossary states flatly that collage "was first used as an artists' technique in the twentieth century." [1]. Additionally, the Guggenheim Museum's online art glossary plainly states that Braque and Picasso invented collage — which would obviously imply that any earlier artworks which might technically have anticipated collage were nevertheless not collage. Collage, according to these sources, is an artistic concept associated with the beginnings of modernism and entails much more than the idea of gluing something onto something else. The glued-on patches which Braque and Picasso added to their canvases "collided with the surface plane of the painting." [2] This was part of a methodical reexamination of the relation between painting and sculpture, and these new works "gave each medium some of the characteristics of the other," according to the Guggenheim essay. Furthermore, these chopped-up bits of newspaper introduced fragments of externally referenced meaning into the collision: "References to current events, such as the war in the Balkans, and to popular culture enriched the content of their art." This juxtaposition of signifiers, "at once serious and tongue-in-cheek," was fundamental to the inspiration behind collage: "Emphasizing concept and process over end product, collage has brought the incongruous into meaningful congress with the ordinary." [3] Arguably, any work of art which involves the application (with glue or by any other means) of things to a surface, but which lacks this purposeful incongruity, this quality of fragmented signifiers colliding, is not truly collage in any important sense. A really cool collage making buisness is AyeLinds. It creates completly creative, custom, and chic collags. Check out AyeLinds:http://ayelinds.goods.officelive.com/default.aspx The Tate Gallery in the United Kingdom is a network of four galleries: Tate Britain (opened 1897), Tate Liverpool (1988), Tate St Ives (1993), Tate Modern (2000), with a complementary website Tate Online (1998). ... The Guggenheim Museum refers to any of several museums worldwide created and run by the Solomon R. Guggenheim Foundation. ...

Collage in painting

Collage in the modernist sense began with Cubist painters Georges Braque and Pablo Picasso. According to some sources, Picasso was the first to use the collage technique in oil paintings. According to the Guggenheim Museum's online article about collage, Braque took up the concept of collage itself before Picasso, applying it to charcoal drawings. Picasso adopted collage immediately after (and was perhaps indeed the first to use collage in paintings, as opposed to drawings): Download high resolution version (783x1035, 188 KB)Compotier avec fruits, violon et verre by Pablo Picasso (1912) The two-dimensional work of art depicted in this image is in the public domain in the United States. ... Download high resolution version (783x1035, 188 KB)Compotier avec fruits, violon et verre by Pablo Picasso (1912) The two-dimensional work of art depicted in this image is in the public domain in the United States. ... Picasso redirects here. ... Georges Braque, Woman with a guitar, 1913 Cubism was a 20th century art movement, pioneered by Pablo Picasso and Georges Braque, that revolutionized European painting and sculpture, and inspired related movements in music and literature. ... Violin and Candlestick, Paris, spring 1910, San Francisco Museum of Modern Art Georges Braque (May 13, 1882 â€“ August 31, 1963) was a major 20th century French painter and sculptor who, along with Pablo Picasso, developed the art movement known as cubism. ... Picasso redirects here. ... The Guggenheim Museum refers to any of several museums worldwide created and run by the Solomon R. Guggenheim Foundation. ...

"It was Braque who purchased a roll of simulated oak-grain wallpaper and began cutting out pieces of the paper and attaching them to his charcoal drawings. Picasso immediately began to make his own experiments in the new medium." [4]

In 1912 for his Still Life with Chair Caning (Nature-morte à la chaise cannée),^[3] Picasso pasted a patch of oilcloth with a chair-cane design onto the canvas of the piece. Oilcloth is a kind of cloth with a permeable painting oil or paint surface. ...

Surrealist artists have made extensive use of collage. Cubomania is a collage made by cutting an image into squares which are then reassembled automatically or at random. Inimage is a name given by René Passerson to what is usually considered a style of surrealist collage (though it perhaps qualifies instead as a decollage) in which parts are cut away from an existing image to reveal another image. Max Ernst. ... Surrealism in art, poetry, and literature utilizes numerous unique techniques and games to provide inspiration. ... Headline text Automatism is a surrealist technique involving spontaneous writing, drawing, or the like practiced without conscious aesthetic or moral self-censorship. ... DÃ©collage, in art, is the opposite of collage; instead of an image being built up of all or parts of existing images, it is created by cutting, tearing away or otherwise removing, pieces of an original image. ...

Collages produced using a similar, or perhaps identical, method used by Richard Genovese are called etrécissements by Marcel Mariën from a method first explored by Mariën. Genovese also introduced excavation collage (that includes elements of decollage) which is the layering of printed images, loosely affixed at the corners and then tearing away bits of the upper layer to reveal images from underneath, thereby introducing a new collage of images. Penelope Rosemont invented some methods of surrealist collage, the prehensilhouette and the landscapade. Richard Genovese (born 1947) is a surrealist collagist, photographer, painter, and theorist. ... Surrealism in art, poetry, and literature utilizes numerous unique techniques and games to provide inspiration. ... Marcel MariÃ«n (1920 - 1993) was a Belgian surrealist, (later Situationist), poet, essayist, photographer, filmmaker*, and maker of objects. ... Penelope Rosemont (born 1942 Chicago, Illinois). ...

Collage was often called the art form of the twentieth century, but this was never fully realized.

Surrealist games such as parallel collage use collective techniques of collage making. Surrealism in art, poetry, and literature utilizes numerous unique techniques and games to provide inspiration. ...

Another technique is that of canvas collage, which is the application, typically with glue, of separately painted canvas patches to the surface of a painting's main canvas. Well known for use of this technique is British artist John Walker in his paintings of the late 1970s, but canvas collage was already an integral part of the mixed media works of such American artists as Conrad Marca-Relli and Jane Frank by the early 1960s. The intensely self-critical Lee Krasner also frequently destroyed her own paintings by cutting them into pieces, only to create new works of art by reassembling the pieces into collages. Look up Canvas in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ... John Walker (born 1939) is a British painter and printmaker. ... The Mona Lisa is perhaps the best-known artistic painting in the Western world. ... An example of a mixed media work: Untitled (1963) by Jane Frank (Jane Schenthal Frank, 1918-1986), 45X18. ... Conrad Marca-Relli (1912 â€“ 2000) was an American Abstract Expressionist painter. ... The artist Jane Frank (or Jane Schenthal Frank) was born Jane Babette Schenthal on July 25,1918, in Baltimore, Maryland. ... Jackson Pollock gets the big stone and Lee Krasner gets the small stone in Green River Cemetery in Springs, New York Lee Krasners painting Cool White (1959) Lee Krasner (October 27, 1908 - June 19, 1984) was an influential abstract expressionist painter in the second half of the 20th Century. ...

Collage with wood

The wood collage is a type that emerged somewhat later than paper collage. Kurt Schwitters began experimenting with wood collages in the 1920s after already having given up painting for paper collages [5]. The principle of wood collage is clearly established at least as early as his 'Merz Picture with Candle', dating from the mid to late 1920s [6] [7]. Image File history File linksMetadata Download high-resolution version (695x732, 483 KB)Jane Frank, Plum Point (1964), mixed media on canvas, 32 X 32. Fair-use-in rationale: This is fair use in the articles on Jane Frank and in the wood collage section of the collage article. ... Image File history File linksMetadata Download high-resolution version (695x732, 483 KB)Jane Frank, Plum Point (1964), mixed media on canvas, 32 X 32. Fair-use-in rationale: This is fair use in the articles on Jane Frank and in the wood collage section of the collage article. ... An example of a mixed media work: Untitled (1963) by Jane Frank (Jane Schenthal Frank, 1918-1986), 45X18. ... The artist Jane Frank (or Jane Schenthal Frank) was born Jane Babette Schenthal on July 25,1918, in Baltimore, Maryland. ... Kurt Schwitters (June 20, 1887 - January 8, 1948) was a German painter who was born in Hannover, Germany. ...

It is also interesting to note that wood collage in a sense made its debut, indirectly, at the same time as paper collage, since (according to the Guggenheim online), Georges Braque initiated use of paper collage by cutting out pieces of simulated oak-grain wallpaper and attaching them to his own charcoal drawings [8]. The idea of gluing wood to a picture was implicitly there from the start, since the paper used in the very first paper collages was a commercial product manufactured to look like wood. Violin and Candlestick, Paris, spring 1910, San Francisco Museum of Modern Art Georges Braque (May 13, 1882 â€“ August 31, 1963) was a major 20th century French painter and sculptor who, along with Pablo Picasso, developed the art movement known as cubism. ...

It was during a fifteen-year period of intense experimentation beginning in the mid 1940s that Louise Nevelson evolved her sculptural wood collages, assembled from found scraps, including parts of furniture, pieces of wooden crates or barrels, and architectural remnants like stair railings or moldings. Generally rectangular, very large, and painted black, they resemble gigantic paintings. Concerning Nevelson's Sky Cathedral (1958), the Museum of Modern Art catalogue states, "As a rectangular plane to be viewed from the front, Sky Cathedral has the pictorial quality of a painting..."^[4] Yet such pieces also present themselves as massive walls or monoliths, which can sometimes be viewed from either side, or even looked through. Louise Berliawsky Nevelson (1900 Kiev - 1988) was a U.S. (Russian-born) sculptor. ... Sculptor redirects here. ... For the UK band, see Furniture (band). ... This article is about the museum in New York City. ...

Much wood collage art is considerably smaller in scale, framed and hung as a painting would be. It usually features pieces of wood, wood shavings, or scraps, assembled on a canvas (if there is painting involved), or on a wooden board. Such framed, picture-like, wood-relief collages offer the artist an opportunity to explore the qualities of depth, natural color, and textural variety inherent in the material, while drawing on and taking advantage of the language, conventions, and historical resonances that arise from the tradition of creating pictures to hang on walls. Contemporary examples of this technique can be found in the works of Geeta Chaudhuri, a wood collage artist from India. The technique of wood collage is also sometimes combined with painting and other media in a single work of art. For other uses , see Painting (disambiguation). ... In the art of sculpture, a relief is an artwork where a modelled form projects out of a flat background. ... Look up texture in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ...

Frequently, what is called "wood collage art" uses only natural wood - such as driftwood, or parts of found and unaltered logs, branches, sticks, or bark. This raises the question of whether such artwork is collage (in the original sense) at all (see Collage and modernism). This is because the early, paper collages were generally made from bits of text or pictures - things originally made by people, and functioning or signifying in some cultural context. The collage brings these still-recognizable "signifiers" (or fragments of signifiers) together, in a kind of semiotic collision. A truncated wooden chair or staircase newel used in a Nevelson work can also be considered a potential element of collage in the same sense: it had some original, culturally determined context. Unaltered, natural wood, such as one might find on a forest floor, arguably has no such context; therefore, the characteristic contextual disruptions associated with the collage idea, as it originated with Braque and Picasso, cannot really take place. (Driftwood is of course sometimes ambiguous: while a piece of driftwood may once have been a piece of worked wood - for example, part of a ship - it may be so weathered by salt and sea that its past functional identity is nearly or completely obscured.) A piece of waterlogged driftwood Driftwood is wood that has been washed onto a shore or beach by the action of the waves. ... Collage is a common misspelling of College. ... In semiotics, a sign is generally defined as, ...something that stands for something else, to someone in some capacity. ... Semiotics (also spelled Semeiotics) is the study of signs and sign systems. ... A newel is the upright post about which the steps of a circular staircase wind; hence, in stairs having straight flights, the principal post at the foot of a staircase, or the secondary ones at the landings. ... A piece of waterlogged driftwood Driftwood is wood that has been washed onto a shore or beach by the action of the waves. ...

Collage in architecture

Though Le Corbusier and others used techniques that are akin to collage, collage as a theoretical concept only became widely discussed after the publication of Collage City by Colin Rowe and Fred Koetter in 1978. The authors were, however, not championing collage in the pictorial sense, much less seeking the types of disruptions of meaning that occur with collage. Instead they were looking to challenge the uniformity of Modernism and saw collage with its non-linear notion of history as a means to reinvigorate design practice. Not only does historical urban fabric have its place, but in studying it, designers were, so it was hoped, able to get a sense of how better to operate. Rowe was a member of the so-called Texas Rangers, a group of architects who taught at the University of Texas for a while. Another member of that group was Bernhard Hoesli, a Swiss architect who went on to become an important educator at the ETH-Zurirch. Whereas for Rowe, collage was more a metaphor than an actual practice, Hoesli actively made collages as part of his design process. He was close to Robert Slutzky, a New York based artist, and frequently introduced the question of collage and disruption in his studio work.... Charles-Ã‰douard Jeanneret-Gris, who chose to be known as Le Corbusier (October 6, 1887 â€“ August 27, 1965), was a Swiss-born architect, designer, urbanist, writer and also painter, who is famous for his contributions to what now is called Modern Architecture. ... Colin Rowe (born 1920 - died November 5, 1999, Arlington County, Virginia, USA) was a British architect, architectural critic and teacher. ... For Christian theological modernism, see Liberal Christianity and Modernism (Roman Catholicism). ... The Texas Rangers refers to a group of architects who taught at the University of Texas School of Architecture in Austin, Texas, from 1951 to1958. ... For other uses, see Architect (disambiguation). ... The University of Texas System comprises fifteen educational institutions in Texas, of which nine are general academic universities, and six are health institutions. ... Bernhard Hoesli (b. ... Eth (Ã, Ã°), also spelled edh or eÃ°, is a letter used in Old English (Anglo-Saxon) and present-day Icelandic, and in Faroese language which call the letter edd. ...

Collage in music

The concept of collage has crossed the boundaries of visual arts. In music, with the advances on recording technology, avant-garde artists started experimenting with cutting and pasting since the middle of the twentieth century. George Martin created collages of recordings while producing the records of The Beatles. By the 1990s and 2000s, with the popularity of the sampler, it became apparent that "musical collages" had become the norm for popular music, especially in rap, hip hop (rap-pop), and electronic music.^[5] In 1996, DJ Shadow released the groundbreaking album, Endtroducing....., made entirely of preexisting recorded material mixed together in audible collage. In 2000, The Avalanches released Since I Left You, a musical collage consisting of approximately 3,500 musical sources (i.e., samples).^[6] Sound collage is the production of songs, musical compositions, or recordings using portions, or samples, of previously made recordings. ... For other uses, see Music (disambiguation). ... A work similar to Marcel Duchamps Fountain Avant garde (written avant-garde) is a French phrase, one of many French phrases used by English speakers. ... For other uses, see George Martin (disambiguation). ... The White Album, see The Beatles (album). ... An AKAI MPC2000 sampler Playing a Yamaha SU10 Sampler A sampler is an electronic music instrument closely related to a synthesizer. ... Sound collage is the production of songs, musical compositions, or recordings using portions, or samples, of previously made recordings. ... For the music genre, see Pop music. ... Rap redirects here. ... Hip hop is a cultural movement that began amongst urban African American youth in New York and has since spread around the world. ... For other uses, see Electronic music (disambiguation). ... DJ Shadow (born Josh Davis in 1972)[1] is an American DJ, turntablist, music producer and songwriter. ... Endtroducing. ... The Avalanches is an electronic music group from Melbourne, Australia, best known for its live DJ sets and debut album Since I Left You, which was assembled from approximately 3,500 vinyl samples. ... Since I Left You (2000) is the debut album by Melbourne-based electronic music group The Avalanches. ...

Digital collage

Digital collage is the technique of using [computer] tools in collage creation to encourage chance associations of disparate visual elements and the subsequent transformation of the visual results through the use of electronic media. Image:Bellinda7.jpg

Bellinda, 2004

Literary collage

Collage novels are books with images selected from other publications and collaged together following a theme or narrative. A form of artists book approaching very closely to (but preceding) the Graphic novel. ...

The bible of discordianism, the Principia Discordia, is described by its author as a literary collage. A collage in literary terms may also refer to a layering of ideas or images. For other uses, see Bible (disambiguation). ... Discordianism is a modern religion centered on the idea that chaos is as important as order. ... The Loompanics Yellow Cover combined 4th & 5th Edition Principia Discordia, (1979). ...

Image File history File links Size of this preview: 188 Ã— 599 pixelsFull resolution (916 Ã— 2920 pixels, file size: 772 KB, MIME type: image/png) File historyClick on a date/time to view the file as it appeared at that time. ... Image File history File links Size of this preview: 188 Ã— 599 pixelsFull resolution (916 Ã— 2920 pixels, file size: 772 KB, MIME type: image/png) File historyClick on a date/time to view the file as it appeared at that time. ... // Grays figure #361 Grays figure #362 Grays figure #363 Grays figure #364 Grays figure #365 Grays figure #366 Grays figure #367 Grays figure #368 Grays figure #369 Grays figure #370 Grays figure #371 Grays figure #372 Grays... Physical Features of the Human Body The human body is the entire physical structure of a human organism. ...

Decoupage

Decoupage is a type of collage usually defined as a craft. It is the process of placing a picture onto an object for decoration. Often decoupage causes the picture to appear to have depth and look as though it had been painted on the object. Decoupage technique incorporates newsprint into this cubist painting by Juan Gris. ... For other uses, see Craft (disambiguation). ... For beauty as a characteristic of a persons appearance, see Physical attractiveness. ...

The process is to glue (or otherwise affix) a picture to an object, then adding more copies of the picture on top, progressively cutting out more and more of the background, giving the illusion of depth in the picture. The picture is often coated with varnish or some other sealant for protection.

Photomontage

Collage made from photographs, or parts of photographs, is called photomontage. Photomontage is the process (and result) of making a composite photograph by cutting and joining a number of other photographs. The composite picture was sometimes photographed so that the final image is converted back into a seamless photographic print. The same method is accomplished today using image-editing software. The technique is referred to by professionals as "compositing", and in casual internet usage it is often called "photoshopping". An imaginary world composed of photorealistic inanimate, human, and plant objects spurs a psychological impact upon the viewer. ... ...

Other methods for combining pictures are also called photomontage, such as Victorian "combination printing", the printing from more than one negative on a single piece of printing paper (e.g. O. G. Rejlander, 1857), front-projection and computer montage techniques. Much like a collage is composed of multiple facets, artists also combine montage techniques. Romare Bearden’s (1912-1988) series of black and white "photomontage projections" is an example. His method began with compositions of paper, paint, and photographs put on boards 8 1/2x11 inches. Bearden fixed the imagery with an emulsion that he then applied with handroller. Subsequently, he enlarged the collages photographically. Oscar Gustave Rejlander (Sweden 1813 â€“ Clapham, London on 18 January 1875) was a pioneering Victorian art photographer. ... Romare Bearden, in his army uniform, a photograph taken by Carl Van Vechten, 1944 Romare Bearden, (September 2, 1911, in Charlotte, North Carolinaâ€”March 11, 1988 in New York, New York) was an African-American artist and writer. ...

The 19th century tradition of physically joining multiple images into a composite and photographing the results prevailed in press photography and offset lithography until the widespread use of digital image editing. Contemporary photo editors in magazines now create "paste-ups" digitally. The Offset Printing process Offset printing is a widely used printing technique where the inked image is transferred (or offset) first to a rubber blanket, then to the printing surface. ... Digital image editing is the process of altering digital images, whether they be digital photographs or other types of digitally represented images. ...

Creating a photomontage has, for the most part, become easier with the advent of computer software such as Adobe Photoshop, Pixel image editor, and GIMP. These programs make the changes digitally, allowing for faster workflow and more precise results. They also mitigate mistakes by allowing the artist to "undo" errors. Yet some artists are pushing the boundaries of digital image editing to create extremely time-intensive compositions that rival the demands of the traditional arts. The current trend is to create pictures that combine painting, theatre, illustration and graphics in a seamless photographic whole. Photoshop redirects here. ... Pixel image editor (formerly known as Pixel32) is an Adobe Photoshop-like image editor written by Pavel Kanzelsberger. ... Look up gimp in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ...

Legal issues

When collage uses existing works, the result is what some copyright scholars call a derivative work. The collage has a copyright separate from any copyrights pertaining to the original incorporated works. Not to be confused with copywriting. ... A scholar is either a student or someone who has achieved a mastery of some academic discipline, perhaps receiving financial support through a scholarship. ... This montage of different images is an example of a derivative work In copyright law, a derivative work is an artistic creation that includes major, basic copyrighted aspects of an original, previously created first work. ...

Due to redefined and reinterpreted copyright laws, and increased financial interests, some forms of collage art are significantly restricted. For example, in the area of sound collage (such as hip hop music), some court rulings effectively have eliminated the de minimis doctrine as a defense to copyright infringement, thus shifting collage practice away from non-permissive uses relying on fair use or de minimis protections, and toward licensing. ^[7] Examples of musical collage art that have run afoul of modern copyright are The Grey Album and Negativland's U2. Sound collage is the production of songs, musical compositions, or recordings using portions, or samples, of previously made recordings. ... Hip hop music is a style of music which came into existence in the United States during the mid-1970s, and became a large part of modern pop culture during the 1980s. ... De minimis is a Latin expression meaning about minimal things, which is used mostly as part of de minimis non curat praetor or de minimis non curat lex, in the sense that the law is not interested in trivial matters. ... The Cathach of St. ... For fair use in trademark law, see Fair use (US trademark law). ... De minimis is a Latin expression meaning about minimal things, which is used mostly as part of de minimis non curat praetor or de minimis non curat lex, in the sense that the law is not interested in trivial matters. ... How to obtain a amature radio licence differs from country to country. ... The Grey Album is an album by Danger Mouse released in 2004 (see 2004 in music). ... For the album, see Negativland (album). ...

The copyright status of visual works is less troubled, although still ambiguous. For instance, some visual collage artists have argued that the first-sale doctrine protects their work. The first-sale doctrine prevents copyright holders from controlling consumptive uses after the "first sale" of their work. The de minimis doctrine and the fair use exception also provide important defenses against claimed copyright infringement. ^[8] The Second Circuit in October, 2006, held that artist Jeff Koons was not liable for copyright infringement because his incorporation of a photograph into a collage painting was fair use. ^[9] The first-sale doctrine is a limitation on copyright that was recognized by the U.S. Supreme Court in 1908 and subsequently codified in the Copyright Act of 1976, 17 U.S.C. Â§ 109. ... De minimis is a Latin expression meaning about minimal things, which is used mostly as part of de minimis non curat praetor or de minimis non curat lex, in the sense that the law is not interested in trivial matters. ... For fair use in trademark law, see Fair use (US trademark law). ... The United States Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit is a federal court with appellate jurisdiction over the district courts in the following districts: District of Connecticut Northern, Southern, Eastern, and Western Districts of New York District of Vermont The Second Circuit hears argument at the Thurgood Marshall U... Jeff Koons (born January 21, 1955), is an American artist. ...

Collage artists

Johannes Baader (June 22, 1875 â€“ January 15, 1955), originally trained as an architect, was a writer and artist associated with Dada in Berlin. ... Johannes Theodor Baargeld, pseudonym of Alfred Emanuel Ferdinand Grünwald (9 October 1892 - 9 October 1927), was a German painter and poet who, together with Max Ernst, founded the Cologne Dada group. ... Nick Bantock is an artist and author from Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada. ... Amadeo de Souza Cardoso (Manhufe, Amarante, November 24, 1887 -Espinho, October 25, 1918) was a Portuguese painter. ... This article or section does not cite its references or sources. ... Romare Bearden, in his army uniform, a photograph taken by Carl Van Vechten, 1944 Romare Bearden, (September 2, 1911, in Charlotte, North Carolinaâ€”March 11, 1988 in New York, New York) was an African-American artist and writer. ... Blakes album cover Sir Peter Thomas Blake (born June 25, 1932, in Dartford, Kent) is an English pop artist, best known for his design of the sleeve for The Beatles album Sgt. ... Unique Forms of Continuity in Space (Museum of Modern Art, New York) Umberto Boccioni (October 19, 1882â€“August 16, 1916) was an Italian painter and sculptor and a member of the Futurist movement. ... Rita Boley Bolaffio (Trieste, Italy, 7 June 1898 - New York, USA, 20 May 1995) was an artist who was instrumental in reintroducing collage and decoupage into the United States. ... Violin and Candlestick, Paris, spring 1910, San Francisco Museum of Modern Art Georges Braque (May 13, 1882 â€“ August 31, 1963) was a major 20th century French painter and sculptor who, along with Pablo Picasso, developed the art movement known as cubism. ... Alberto Burri (CittÃ di Castello, March 12, 1915 - Nice, February 13, 1995), was an Italian abstract painter and sculptor. ... A photograph of Joseph Cornell Joseph Cornell Untitled (Dieppe) c. ... Arthur Garfield Dove (August 2, 1880 â€“ November 23, 1946) was an American artist. ... Marcel Duchamp (pronounced ) (July 28, 1887 â€“ October 2, 1968) was a French artist (he became an American citizen in 1955) whose work and ideas had considerable influence on the development of post-World War II Western art, and whose advice to modern art collectors helped shape the tastes of the... Max Ernst (2 April 1891 - 1 April 1976) was a German painter, sculptor, graphic artist, and poet, considered one of the chief representatives of Dadaism and Surrealism. ... The Sunblind, 1914, Tate Gallery. ... George Grosz (July 26, 1893 â€“ July 6, 1959) was a prominent member of the Berlin Dada and New Objectivity group, known especially for his savagely caricatural drawings of Berlin life in the 1920s. ... Raymond Hains (Dinard, 1926 - Paris, October 28, 2005) was a French artist and photographer. ... Raoul Hausmann (July 12, 1886â€“February 1, 1971) was an Austrian sculptor and writer. ... Self-portrait, 1920 Grave of John Heartfield in Berlin John Heartfield (June 19, 1891â€“April 26, 1968) is the anglicized name of the German photomontage artist Helmut Herzfeld. ... Hannah HÃ¶ch (November 1, 1889 - May 31, 1978) was a famous Dada artist born in Gotha, Germany. ... We Two Boys Together Clinging, 1961. ... IstvÃ¡n Horkay (b. ... Raymond Edward Johnson (1927 - 1995) was an important post-Surrealism, pre-Pop collage artist. ... Jackson Pollock gets the big stone and Lee Krasner gets the small stone in Green River Cemetery in Springs, New York Lee Krasners painting Cool White (1959) Lee Krasner (October 27, 1908 - June 19, 1984) was an influential abstract expressionist painter in the second half of the 20th Century. ... Kazimir Severinovich Malevich (Russian: , Polish: , Ukrainian ÐšÐ°Ð·Ð¸Ð¼Ñ–Ñ€ Ð¡ÐµÐ²ÐµÑ€Ð¸Ð½Ð¾Ð²Ð¸Ñ‡ ÐœÐ°Ð»ÐµÐ²Ð¸Ñ‡, German: ), (February 23, 1878 â€“ May 15, 1935) was a painter and art theoretician, pioneer of geometric abstract art and one of the most important members of the Russian avant-garde. ... Eugene J. Martin, self-portrait, 1990 Eugene James Martin (b. ... Matisse redirects here. ... Robert Motherwell, 1971 Robert Motherwell (January 24, 1915 â€“ July 16, 1991) was an American abstract expressionist painter and printmaker. ... Joseph Nechvatal (born 1951) is a post-conceptual digital artist and art theoretician who creates computer-assisted paintings and computer animations, often using custom-created computer viruses. ... Robert Nickle (b. ... An editor has expressed a concern that the subject of the article does not satisfy the notability guideline or one of the following guidelines for inclusion on Wikipedia: Biographies, Books, Companies, Fiction, Music, Neologisms, Numbers, Web content, or several proposals for new guidelines. ... Picasso redirects here. ... Francis Picabia in his studio. ... Rauschenberg redirects here. ... For other uses, see Man Ray (disambiguation). ... Matthew Rose was a fictional character in the popular BBC soap opera EastEnders. ... Mimmo Rotella (1918-2006) was an Italian artist and poet best known for his works of dÃ©collage, made from torn advertising posters. ... Kurt Schwitters (June 20, 1887 - January 8, 1948) was a German painter who was born in Hannover, Germany. ... Gino Severini (April 7, 1883 â€“ February 26, 1966), was an Italian painter and a leading member of the Futurist movement. ... Jonathan Talbot, (born November 14, 1939) is an American best known as a painter, printmaker, and collage artist whose works have been exhibited at The National Academy and the Museum of Modern Art in New York, His work has represented the United States in exhibitions sponsored by the U. S... Lenore Tawney was an American fiber artist (born May 10, 1907 in Lorain, Ohio as Leonora Agnes Gallagher; died September 24, 2007 in New York City) who became an influential figure in the development of woven sculpture as an art medium. ... Cecil Touchon Born 1956 Austin, Texas is a contemporary American collage artist, painter, published poet and theorist living in Fort Worth, Texas. ... Scott Treleaven, Canadian artist. ... Jacques VilleglÃ©, born Jacques MahÃ© de la VilleglÃ© (1926, Quimper, Brittany) is a French mixed-media artist famous for his ripped or lacerated posters (a poster in which one has been placed over another or others, and the top poster or posters have been ripped, revealing to a greater or... Kara Walker, Cut, Cut paper and adhesive on wall, Brent Sikkema NYC. Kara Walker (born November 26, 1969) is a contemporary American artist who is best known for her exploration of race, gender, sexuality, Violence and identity in her artworks. ...

Contents

Collage and modernism

Collage in painting

Collage with wood

Collage in architecture

Collage in music

Digital collage

Literary collage

Decoupage

Photomontage

Legal issues

Collage artists

See also

Further reading

References

Notes

External links

Contents

Collage and modernism GA_googleFillSlot("encyclopedia_square");

Collage in painting

Collage with wood

Collage in architecture

Collage in music

Digital collage

Literary collage

Decoupage

Photomontage

Legal issues

Collage artists

See also

Further reading

References

Notes

External links

Collage and modernism