It has been suggested that this article or section be merged with Colony. (Discuss)

World map of colonialism at the end of the Second World War in 1945.

Colonialism is the extension of a nation's sovereignty over territory beyond its borders by the establishment of either settler colonies or administrative dependencies in which indigenous populations are directly ruled. Colonizers generally dominate the resources, labor, and markets of the colonial territory and may also impose socio-cultural, religious and linguistic structures on the conquered population. Though the term is often used interchangeably with imperialism, the latter is broader as it covers control exercised informally (via influence) as well as formally. The term also refers to a set of beliefs used to legitimize or promote this system, especially the belief that the mores of the colonizer are superior to those of the colonized. Wikipedia does not have an article with this exact name. ... In politics and in history, a colony is a territory under the immediate political control of a geographically-distant state. ... Download high resolution version (1357x628, 37 KB)Created by User:Aris Katsaris to replace and partially correct the smallerImage:800px_colonization_1945. ... Download high resolution version (1357x628, 37 KB)Created by User:Aris Katsaris to replace and partially correct the smallerImage:800px_colonization_1945. ... Sovereignty is the exclusive right to exercise supreme political (legislative, judicial and/or executive) authority over a geographic region, group of people or oneself. ... In politics and in history, a colony is a territory under the immediate political control of a geographically-distant state. ... Imperialism is a policy of extending control or authority over foreign entities as a means of acquisition and/or maintenance of empires, either through direct territorial conquest or settlement, or through indirect methods of exerting control on the politics and/or economy of other countries. ... The term mores (IPA ) as used in sociology is a plural noun. ...

Types of colonialism

Settler colonies, such as the the original thirteen states of the United States of America, Canada, Australia, New Zealand and Argentina arose from the emigration of peoples from a mother country and involved displacement of the aboriginal peoples to their permanent detriment. Settler colonies may be contrasted with dependencies, where the colonizers did not arrive as part of a mass emigration, but rather as administrators over existing sizeable native populations, exercising control by use or threat of force. Examples in this category include the British Raj, Egypt, the Dutch East Indies and the Japanese colonial empire. In some cases large-scale colonial settlement was attempted in substantially pre-populated areas and the result was either an ethnically mixed population (such as the mestizos of the Americas), or racially divided, such as in French Algeria or Southern Rhodesia. A fourth category may be considered for settler colonies such as Barbados, Saint-Domingue and Jamaica where the white colonizers imported black slaves who rapidly began to outnumber their owners, leading to minority rule, similar to a dependency. The British Empire at its zenith in 1919. ... The Dutch East Indies, or Netherlands East Indies, (Dutch: Nederlands-Indië) was the name of the colonies set up by the Dutch East India Company, which came under administration of the Netherlands during the 19th century (see Indonesia). ... His Imperial Majesty, Emperor Akihito of Japan The Emperor of Japan (天皇, tennō) is Japans titular head of state and the head of the Japanese imperial family. ... Mestizo (Portuguese, Mestiço; French, Métis: from Late Latin mixticius, from Latin mixtus, past participle of miscere, to mix) is a term of Spanish origin used to designate the people of mixed European and indigenous non-European ancestry. ... World map showing the Americas The Americas commonly refers to the landmass in the Western Hemisphere consisting of the continents of North America and South America with their associated islands and regions. ... French rule in Algeria, 1830–1962 Most of Frances actions in Algeria, not least the invasion of Algiers, were propelled by contradictory impulses. ... Southern Rhodesia was the name given to the British colony situated immediately to the north of South Africa, known today as Zimbabwe. ... Saint-Domingue was a French colony from 1697 to 1804 that is today the independent nation of Haiti. ... The Buxton Memorial Fountain, celebrating the emancipation of slaves in the British Empire in 1834, London. ...

Impact and evaluation of colonialism

Given that colonialism involves the rule or taking of territory of one people by another and without their consent, it is a highly emotive subject. Debate about the perceived positive and negative aspects of colonialism has occurred for centuries, amongst both colonizer and colonized, and continues to the present day.

Advocates of colonialism argue that colonial rule benefits the colonized by developing the economic and political infrastructure necessary for modernization and democracy. They point to such former colonies as the United States of America, Canada, Australia, New Zealand, Hong Kong and Singapore as examples of post-colonial success. These nations do not, however, represent the normal course of colonialism in that they are either settler societies, or tradepost cities. This article is in need of attention from an expert on the subject. ... A family of Russian settlers in the Caucasus region, ca. ... A trading post is a place where trading of goods takes place. ...

Dependency theorists such as Andre Gunder Frank argue that colonialism leads to the net transfer of wealth from the colonized to the colonizer, and inhibits successful economic development. Critics such as Frantz Fanon and Aime Cesaire argue that colonialism does political, psychological, and moral damage to the colonized as well. Indian writer and political activist Arundhati Roy likened debating the pros and cons of colonialism to "debating the pros and cons of rape". International Relations Theory Realism Liberalism Idealism Neoconservatism Institutionalism Functionalism Marxism Critical theory Isolationism Dependency theory is the body of social science theories by various intellectuals, both from the Third World and the First World, that create a worldview which suggests that the wealthy nations of the world need a peripheral... Andre Gunder Frank (Berlin, February 24, 1929 – Luxembourg, April 23, 2005) was a Marxian German economic historian and sociologist who was one of the founders of the Dependency theory in the 1960s. ... Frantz Fanon (1925–1961) was perhaps the preeminent thinker of the 20th century on the issue of decolonization and the psychopathology of colonization. ... Aim Fernand David C saire (born June 20, 1913 in Basse-Pointe, Martinique) is a French poet and politician. ... Arundhati Roy (Malayalam: അരുന്ധതി റോയ്, Devanagari: अरुंधती राय) (born November 24, 1961) is an Indian novelist and activist. ...

Critics of the alleged abuses of economic and political advantages accruing to developed nations via globalised capitalism have referred to them as neocolonialism, and see them as a continuation of the domination and exploitation of ex-colonial countries, merely utilizing different means. Definition from Oxford English Dictionary: The use of economic, political, cultural, or other pressures to control or influence another country; esp. ... The term exploitation may carry two distinct meanings: The act of utilizing something for any purpose. ...

See also

• Anticolonialism
• American Empire
  • American exceptionalism
  • History of United States continental expansion
  • History of United States overseas expansion
• Belgian colonial empire
• British Empire
  • British Empire and Commonwealth Museum
• Chartered companies
• Colonial
• Colonial cinema
• List of Colonial Territories by country
• Colonial Exhibitions
• Colonization
  • Colonization of Africa
    • Arab colonization of North Africa
    • Bantu colonization of Eastern and Southern Africa
    • European colonization of Africa
  • Colonization of Europe
    • Roman colonization of Europe
    • Arab colonization of Spain
    • Soviet colonization of eastern Poland and southern Finland
    • Osmanic colonization of the Balkans
    • Plantations of Ireland - British colonisation of Ireland
    • German colonization of Eastern Europe
  • European colonization of the Americas
    • British colonization of the Americas
    • Danish colonization of the Americas
    • Dutch colonization of the Americas
    • New Netherland
    • French colonization of the Americas
      • New France
    • Portuguese colonization of the Americas
    • Russian colonization of the Americas
    • Spanish colonization of the Americas
      • Spanish Conquest of Yucatan
      • Conquistador
      • Spanish missions in California
      • New Spain
    • Swedish colonization of the Americas
• Colony
• Darién scheme
• Decolonization
• Dutch colonial empire
  • Dutch empire
  • Dutch colonization of the Americas
• Ethnocentrism
  • Lieutenant governor
  • Viceroy of India
  • Crown colony
  • Dominion
  • Imperial Conferences
  • Balfour Declaration 1926
  • Statute of Westminster 1931
  • Commonwealth of Nations
    • Commonwealth Realm
    • Commonwealth Heads of Government Meeting
    • Commonwealth Games
• French colonial empires
• German Empire
• Global Empire
• Human Zoo
• Independence
• Italian Empire
• Imperialism
  • Cultural imperialism
  • Culture of capitalism
  • Media Imperialism
  • Imperialism in Asia
  • The White Man's Burden
• Indonesian colonization of East Timor
• Japanese expansionism
• List of extinct countries, empires, etc.
• Mercantilism
• New Imperialism
• Neo-colonialism
  • New Netherland
• Portuguese Empire
  • Portugal in the period of discoveries
  • Portuguese colonization of the Americas
• Postcolonialism
• Protectorate
• Spanish Empire
• Israeli occupied territories Israeli settlement/colonies
• Biopiracy / Bioprospecting

Anti-imperialism, strictly speaking, is a term that may be applied to any idea or movement opposed to some form of imperialism. ... This article is about views of the historical expansionism and current international influence of the United States. ... American Exceptionalism, a term coined by Alexis de Tocqueville in 1831, has been historically referred to as the perception that the United States differs qualitatively from other developed nations, because of its unique origins, national credo, historical evolution, and distinctive political and religious institutions. ... To meet Wikipedias quality standards and make it more accessible to a general audience, this article may require cleanup. ... It has been suggested that this article or section be merged with American Empire. ... Belgium had two colonies: the Belgian Congo (1908-1960) and the Ruanda-Urundi (1916-1962). ... The British Empire was, at one time, the foremost global power, and the most extensive empire in the history of the world. ... The British Empire and Commonwealth Museum is a museum in Bristol, United Kingdom which explores the history of the British empire and the impact that British colonial rule had on the rest of the world. ... The arms of the British South Africa Company Chartered companies are associations formed by investors or shareholders for the purpose of trade, exploration and colonisation. ... In general, the word colonial means of or relating to a colony. In United States history, the term Colonial is used to refer to the period before US independence. ... Colonial cinema is the cinema europeans produced in and about their colonies. ... // Austria Hungary Albania (1916-1918) Austrian Netherlands (Belgium) (1714-1793/95) Banat (1718-1918) Banquibazar & Cobelon (India) (1723-1733) Bohemia (1526-1619, 1620-1918) Bosnia and Herzegovina (1878-1918) Bukovina (1775-1918) Carniola (Krain/Slovenia) (1270-1918) Cracow (1795-1809, 1847-1918) Croatia (1527-1809, 1813-1918) Dalmatia (Illyria) (1797... The Colonial Exhibitions were supposed to bolster popular support for the various colonial empires. ... It has been suggested that this article or section be merged with Colonialism. ... The colonization of Africa has a long history, the most famous phase being the European Scramble for Africa of the nineteenth century. ... The following is an outline of African history, followed by a list of articles about the history of particular places in Africa. ... Plantations in 16th and 17th century Ireland were the seizure of land owned by the native Irish and granting of it to colonists (planters) from Britain. ... This article does not cite its references or sources. ... [[[[[ == [[Media: --71. ... Denmark had a colonial empire from the 18th century until the 20th. ... During the 17th century, Dutch traders established trade posts and plantations throughout the Americas; actual colonization, with Dutch settling in the new lands was not as common as with settlements of other European nations. ... To meet Wikipedias quality standards, this article or section may require cleanup. ... North America The French established colonies across the New World in the 17th century. ... New France (French: la Nouvelle-France) describes the area colonized by France in North America during a period extending from the exploration of the Saint Lawrence River, by Jacques Cartier in 1534, to the cession of New France to the Kingdom of Great Britain in 1763. ... Portugal was the leading country in the European exploration of the world in the 15th century. ... After the discovery of northern Alaska by Ivan Fedorov in 1732, and the Aleutian Islands, southern Alaska, and north-western shores of North America in 1741 during the Russian exploration conducted by Vitus Bering and Aleksei Chirikov, it took fifty years until the founding of the first Russian colony in... Spanish conquest and colonization of the Americas began with the arrival in America of Christopher Columbus in 1492. ... The Spanish Conquest of Yucatán was a long and involved process taking some 170 years to complete. ... Conquistador (meaning Conqueror in the Spanish language) is the term used to refer to the soldiers, explorers, and adventurers who achieved the Conquista (this Spanish term is generally accepted by historians), i. ... The Spanish Missions in California (more simply referred to as the California Missions) comprise a series of religious outposts established by Spanish Catholic Dominicans, Jesuits, and Franciscans, to spread the Christian doctrine among the local Native Americans, but with the added benefit of giving Spain a toehold in the frontier... Flag of New Spain Viceroyalty of New Spain (Spanish: Nueva España) was the name given to one of the viceroy-ruled territories of the Spanish Empire from 1525 to 1821. ... The Swedish colonization of the Americas consisted of a 17th century settlement on the Delaware River in Delaware, New Jersey, Pennsylvania, and Maryland, and possessions in the Caribbean during the 18th and 19th century. ... In politics and in history, a colony is a territory under the immediate political control of a geographically-distant state. ... The Darién scheme was an unsuccessful attempt by the Kingdom of Scotland to establish a colony on the Isthmus of Panama. ... Colonialism in 1945 Decolonization is the process by which a colony gains its independence from a colonial power, a process opposite to colonization. ... It has been suggested that this article or section be merged with Dutch Empire. ... A map showing the territory that the Netherlands held at various points in history. ... During the 17th century, Dutch traders established trade posts and plantations throughout the Americas; actual colonization, with Dutch settling in the new lands was not as common as with settlements of other European nations. ... Ethnocentricity is the tendency to look at the world primarily from the perspective of ones own ethnic culture. ... A Lieutenant Governor is a government official who is the subordinate or deputy of a Governor or Governor-General. ... The Governor-General of India (or Governor-General and Viceroy of India) was the head of the British administration in India. ... A United Kingdom overseas territory (formerly known as a dependent territory or earlier as a crown colony) is a territory that is under the sovereignty and formal control of the United Kingdom but is not part of the United Kingdom proper (Great Britain and Northern Ireland). ... A Dominion is a wholly self-governing or virtually self-governing state of the British Empire or Commonwealth of Nations, particularly one which reached that stage of constitutional development in the late 19th and early 20th centuries such as Canada, Australia and New Zealand. ... Imperial Conferences were gatherings of British Empire government leaders in London in 1887, 1897, 1902, 1907, 1911, 1921, 1923, 1926, 1930 and 1937. ... The Balfour Declaration of 1926 is a statement of the October-November 1926 Imperial Conference of British Empire leaders in London. ... The Statute of Westminster 1931 was the enactment of the United Kingdom Parliament (December 11, 1931) which established a status of legislative equality between the self-governing dominions of the British Empire and the United Kingdom. ... The Commonwealth of Nations, usually known as The Commonwealth, is an association of 53 independent sovereign states, almost all of which are former territories of the British Empire. ... The Commonwealth Realms, shown in pink A Commonwealth Realm is any one of the 16 sovereign states of the Commonwealth of Nations that recognise Queen Elizabeth II as their Queen and head of state. ... you suck. ... Current flag of the Commonwealth Games Federation Locations of the games, and participating countries The Commonwealth Games is a multi-sport event held every four years involving the elite athletes of the Commonwealth of Nations. ... Map of the first (light blue) and second (dark blue — plain and hachured) French colonial empires France has had colonial possessions, in various forms, since the beginning of the 17th century until the 1960s. ... This is a list of former German colonies, or Schutzgebiete (protectorates) as they were called in official German. ... A global empire involves the extension of a states sovereignty over territories all around the world. ... // Human zoos (also called ethnological expositions or negro villages) were common until at least the 1930s. ... The Italian empire in 1940 The empire ordinarily associated with geographical Italy is the Roman Empire but modern Italy, by the time of World War II, possessed various overseas territories in the Mediterranean and East Africa. ... Imperialism is a policy of extending control or authority over foreign entities as a means of acquisition and/or maintenance of empires, either through direct territorial conquest or settlement, or through indirect methods of exerting control on the politics and/or economy of other countries. ... Cultural imperialism is the practice of promoting the culture or language of one nation in another. ... To meet Wikipedias quality standards, this article or section may require cleanup. ... Media Imperialism is a critical theory regarding the perceived effects of globalization on the worlds media. ... Western imperialism in Asia traces its roots back to the late 15th century with a series of voyages that sought a sea passage to South Asia in the hope of establishing direct trade between Europe and Asia in spices. ... Wikisource has original text related to this article: The White Mans Burden The white mans burden - a satiric take This advertisement for soap uses the theme of the White Mans Burden, encouraging white people to teach cleanliness to members of other races. ... Flag of Japan adopted 1870, official 1999 Japanese Naval Ensign adopted 1889, re-adopted 1954 The Empire of Japan (大日本帝国; Dai Nippon Teikoku) was the official title of Japan before the end of World War II. The names Imperial Japan and Japanese Empire are also used. ... In the past, many states, countries or territories have been in existence. ... A painting of a French seaport from 1638, at the height of mercantilism. ... The term New Imperialism refers to the policy and ideology of imperial colonial expansion adopted by Europes powers and, later, Japan and the United States, during the late 19th and early 20th centuries; approximately from the Franco-Prussian War to World War I (c. ... Neo Colonialism is the belife that former colonies of European powers have never recieved economic freedom from their former rulers. ... To meet Wikipedias quality standards, this article or section may require cleanup. ... History of Portugal series Prehistoric Portugal Pre-Roman Portugal Roman Lusitania and Gallaecia Visigoths and Suevi Moorish rule and Reconquista First County of Portugal Kingdom of Galicia and Portugal Second County of Portugal Establishment of the Monarchy Consolidation of the Monarchy 1383–1385 Crisis Discoveries Portuguese Empire 1580 Crisis Iberian... For additional context, see History of Portugal. ... Portugal was the leading country in the European exploration of the world in the 15th century. ... Post-colonialism refers to the intellectual field opened up by Edward Saids book Orientalism. ... A protectorate is, in international law, a political entity (a sovereign state or a less developed native polity, such as a tribal chiefstainship or feudal princely state) that formally agrees (voluntarily or under pressure) by treaty to enter into an unequal relationship with another, stronger state, called the protector, which... Spain created the earliest of global empires. ... The Golan Heights plateau, formerly known as the Syrian Heights, overlooking the site of the ancient city of Hippos The Israeli-occupied territories are the territories captured by Israel during the Six-Day War in 1967 and held afterward. ... Map of Israeli settlements, in navy blue, in the West Bank Israeli settlements are communities built for Israeli Jewish settlers in areas that it captured during the 1967 Six-Day War. ... Biopiracy refers to the privatization and unauthorized use of biological resources by entities (including corporations, universities and governments) outside of a country which has pre-existing knowledge. ... Bioprospecting is the collecting and testing of biological samples (plants, animals, micro-organisms) and the collecting of indigenous knowledge to help in discovering and exploiting genetic or biochemical resources Bioprospecting has primarily economic purposes (e. ...

References

Fanon, Frantz "The wretched of the earth" Pref. by Jean-Paul Sartre. Translated by Constance Farrington. London : Penguin Book, 2001

External links

• Liberal opposition to colonialism, imperialism and empire (pdf) - by professor Daniel Klein

Colonialism
Belgian Empire | British Empire | Danish Empire | Dutch Empire | French colonial empire | German colonial empire | Italian Empire | Japanese colonial empire | Portuguese Empire | Russian Empire | Spanish Empire | Swedish Empire | United States overseas possessions