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This article has been tagged since June 2007. In digital imaging systems, color management is the controlled conversion between the color representations of various devices, such as image scanners, digital cameras, monitors, TV screens, film printers, computer printers, offset presses, and corresponding media. Color is an important part of the visual arts. ...
In computing, a scanner is a device that analyzes an image, printed text, or handwriting, or an object (such as an ornament) and converts it to a digital image. ...
This article or section does not cite any references or sources. ...
This does not cite any references or sources. ...
The primary goal of color management is to obtain a good match across color devices; for example, a video which should appear the same color on a computer LCD monitor, a plasma TV screen, and on a printed frame of video. Color management helps to achieve the same appearance on all of these devices, provided the devices are capable of delivering the needed color intensities. LCD redirects here. ...
Concepts
Various concepts and components are needed in a color management system:
Characterization In order to describe the behavior of the various output devices, they must be compared (calibrated) in relation to a standard color space. Often a step called linearization is performed first, in order to get the most out of limited 8-bit color paths. Instruments used for measuring device colors include colorimeters and spectrophotometers. As an intermediate result, the device gamut is described in the form of scattered measurement data. The measurement data (CGATS) is often not usable immediately. Such data need to be prepared for high speed conversions of the actual image data. The transformation of the scattered measurement data into a more regular form, usable by the application, is called profiling. Profiling is a complex mathematical process. After the profiling is finished, an idealized color description of the device is created. This description is called a profile. A comparison of different color spaces. ...
A colorimeter is a device used to measure the absorbance of a specific solution. ...
In color reproduction, including computer graphics and photography, the gamut, or color gamut (pronounced ), is a certain complete subset of colors. ...
Flexibility Transforming profiled color information to different output devices is achieved by referencing the profile data into a standard color space. It is easy to convert colors from one device to a selected standard, and from that color space to the colors of another device. By ensuring that the reference color space covers the many possible colors that humans can see, this concept allows one to exchange colors between many different color output devices.
Communicating diversity Image formats themselves (such as JPEG and TIFF) may contain embedded color profiles, but are not required to do so by the image format. The International Color Consortium standard was created to bring various developers and manufacturers together. The ICC standard permits the exchange of output device characteristics and color spaces in the form of metadata. This allows the embedding of color profiles into images as well as storing them in a database or a profile directory. In computing, JPEG (pronounced JAY-peg; IPA: ) is a commonly used standard method of compression for photographic images. ...
This article is about TIFF, the computer image format. ...
The International Color Consortium was formed in 1993 by eight industry vendors in order to create a universal color management system that would function transparently across all operating systems and software packages. ...
ICC may refer to: // ICC Bank, Ireland ICC Productions, hip-hop record label International Chamber of Commerce, supporting global trade and globalisation Internet Chess Club, a commercial Internet site on which to play chess International Christian Communications Media Group International Code Council Membership association dedicated to building safety and fire...
The simplest definition of metadata is that it is data about data. ...
Color space consistency Editing spaces (better known as working spaces) are a valuable concept that facilitates good results while compositing and manipulating images. They behave differently from most output device color spaces. They must be consistent regarding gray editing and color arrangement. For instance after brightening an image a gray should not become greenish. Most often such editing color spaces are described in simple mathematical formulas, such as sRGB or Adobe RGB. The title given to this article is incorrect due to technical limitations. ...
The Adobe RGB color space is an RGB color space developed by Adobe Systems in 1998. ...
Gamut mapping Since different devices don't have the same gamut, they need some rearrangement near the borders of the gamut. Some colors need to be shifted to the inside of the gamut as they otherwise cannot be represented on the output device and would simply be clipped. For instance to print a mostly saturated blue from a monitor to paper with a typical CMYK printer will surely fail. The paper blue will not be that saturated. Conversely, the bright cyan of an inkjet printer cannot be easily presented on an average computer monitor. The color management system can utilize various methods to achieve pleasant results and give experienced users control of the gamut mapping behavior. In color reproduction, including computer graphics and photography, the gamut, or color gamut (pronounced ), is a certain complete subset of colors. ...
Cyan, magenta, yellow, and key (black) CMYK (or sometimes YMCK) is a subtractive color model used in color printing. ...
Implementations Parts of this technology are implemented in the operating system (OS), helper libraries, the application, and devices. The concept for color management (known as ICM) in Microsoft Windows and Microsoft Office products is that every driver for an input device makes a color transformation from the color space of the device to sRGB. For the output device or the monitor, the driver has to make a color transformation from sRGB to the color space of the output device. This kind of implementation of color management is very user-friendly, because there is no need for any configuration. However, the quality of the results depends entirely on the quality of the color transformations, which are part of the drivers. // An operating system (OS) is a set of computer programs that manage the hardware and software resources of a computer. ...
Microsoft Windows is the name of several families of proprietary software operating systems by Microsoft. ...
Microsoft Office is an office suite from Microsoft, which is available on the Microsoft Windows and Apple Mac OS operating systems. ...
The title given to this article is incorrect due to technical limitations. ...
A more open-concept, platform-independent view of color management is the use of an ICC-compatible color management system. The International Color Consortium (ICC) is an industry consortium which has defined an open standard for a Color Matching Module (CMM) at the OS level, and color profiles (ICC profiles) for the devices and working space. Beginning with Windows Vista, color management in Windows will be handled at the OS level through an ICC V4-compatible color management standard and API known as Windows Color System. Apple's Mac OS X and the classic Mac OS have long been capable of such color management which is called ColorSync. The International Color Consortium was formed in 1993 by eight industry vendors in order to create a universal color management system that would function transparently across all operating systems and software packages. ...
Windows Vista is a line of graphical operating systems used on personal computers, including home and business desktops, notebook computers, Tablet PCs, and media centers. ...
Windows Color System (WCS)[1] is a platform for color management exclusive to Windows Vista, that strives to achieve color consistency across various software and hardware, including cameras, monitors, printers and scanners. ...
Apple Inc. ...
Mac OS X (official IPA pronunciation: ) is a line of proprietary, graphical operating systems developed, marketed, and sold by Apple Inc. ...
This article or section does not adequately cite its references or sources. ...
ColorSync is Apples color management API for the Mac OS and Mac OS X. // Apple developed the original 1. ...
Another ICC concept is to make color profiles a part of file formats like TIFF, JPEG, PNG, EPS, PDF, and SVG. The International Color Consortium was formed in 1993 by eight industry vendors in order to create a universal color management system that would function transparently across all operating systems and software packages. ...
This article is about TIFF, the computer image format. ...
In computing, JPEG (pronounced JAY-peg; IPA: ) is a commonly used standard method of compression for photographic images. ...
PNG (Portable Network Graphics), sometimes pronounced as ping, is a relatively new bitmap image format that is becoming popular on the World Wide Web and elsewhere. ...
Encapsulated PostScript, or EPS, is a graphics file format. ...
Portable Document Format (PDF) is a file format created by Adobe Systems in 1993 for desktop publishing use. ...
Scalable Vector Graphics (SVG) is a XML markup language for describing two-dimensional vector graphics, both static and animated, and either declarative or scripted. ...
The Linux operating system uses ICC profiles, but support for color management on this platform is still quite nascent, with only a handful of applications supporting it including Scribus and development versions of The Gimp. Linux (IPA pronunciation: ) is a Unix-like computer operating system. ...
There are very few or no other articles that link to this one. ...
Scribus is a free, open source desktop publishing (DTP) application. ...
Often, the name GIMP is used erroneously for the Gimp-Print printer driver set. ...
Besides ICC and WWW style color management, a lot of other color management approaches exist, partly due to history and partly because of other needs than the ICC standard covers. Particularly in the printing industry, in broadcasting and in film studios there are diverging demands and solutions.
Color matching method is a software algorithm that adjusts the numerical values that get sent to, or received from, different devices so that the perceived color they produce remains consistent. The key issue here is how to deal with a color that cannot be reproduced on a certain device in order to show it through a different device as if it were visually the same color, just as when the reproducible color range between color transparencies and printed matters are different. There is no common method for this process, and the performance depends on the capability of each color matching method.
Problems with color management - The software architects of the operating system often have no clear concept of how to implement color management at the OS level, and commonly enough there are no guidelines for the developers of applications and drivers on how to use the color management possibilities of the OS.[citation needed]
- There is no option to choose either an editing (working) space or a monitor profile in the graphics architecture and at operating-system level. On Mac OS and Windows Vista, such choice is possible, but most applications ignore it.[citation needed]
- The OS architecture for printer drivers doesn't allow the configuration of profiles for an editing (working) space and a device space.[citation needed]
- Some important older file formats such as Encapsulated PostScript (EPS) are of limited use for color management on the host computer; for color matching of EPS files, a raster image processor (RIP) is necessary.[citation needed]
- Color management for the printer is sometimes implemented at several levels at the same time, such as in the application, at the OS driver level, and in the PostScript RIP. This can cause double or triple color transformations, with incorrect results.[citation needed]
- Most web browsers, including Firefox, Safari before version 2, and default configurations of Internet Explorer, ignore color profiles.[citation needed]
This article or section does not adequately cite its references or sources. ...
Windows Vista is a line of graphical operating systems used on personal computers, including home and business desktops, notebook computers, Tablet PCs, and media centers. ...
Encapsulated PostScript, or EPS, is a graphics file format. ...
A raster image processor (RIP) is a component used in a printing system which produces a bitmap. ...
See also IT8 is a set of American National Standards Institute (ANSI) standards for color communications and control specifications. ...
There are very few or no other articles that link to this one. ...
ColorSync is Apples color management API for the Mac OS and Mac OS X. // Apple developed the original 1. ...
API may refer to: In computing, application programming interface In petroleum industry, American Petroleum Institute In education, Academic Performance Index This page concerning a three-letter acronym or abbreviation is a disambiguation page — a navigational aid which lists other pages that might otherwise share the same title. ...
This article or section does not adequately cite its references or sources. ...
Mac OS X (official IPA pronunciation: ) is a line of proprietary, graphical operating systems developed, marketed, and sold by Apple Inc. ...
References (books) - Adams, Richard M. & Weisberg, Joshua B. The GATF Practical Guide to Color Management. ISBN 0-88362-248-3
- Field, Gary. Color and Its Reproduction. ISBN 0-88362-407-9
- Fraser, Bruce; Murphy, Chris; & Bunting, Fred. Real World Color Management. ISBN 0-201-77340-6
- Sharma, Abhay. Understanding Color Management. ISBN 1-4018-1447-6
- Alienideas.com. FocusON: Digital Imaging. (e-book/DVD)
External links More information about color management for software developers can be found here:
Standards
Operating systems / implementations Linux (IPA pronunciation: ) is a Unix-like computer operating system. ...
Science - Color Management Systems Lab at the Rochester Institute of Technology
Test Utilities - monitorsetup.com - Free website for checking the monitor calibration and the color management capabilities of web browsers
Companies
Blog - Color University - Q & A with a GRACol Color Expert
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