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Encyclopedia > Colorado Plateau

The Colorado Plateau, also called the Colorado Plateaus Province, is a physiographic region of the Intermontane Plateaus, roughly centered on the Four Corners region of the southwestern United States. The province covers an area of 130,000 square miles (337,000 km²) within western Colorado, northwestern New Mexico, southeastern Utah, and northern Arizona. About 90% of the area is drained by the Colorado River and its main tributaries; the Green, San Juan and Little Colorado. Image File history File links Colorado_Plateaus_map. ... Continental U.S physiographic regions Legend for map There are eight distinct U. S. physiographic regions within the continental United States. ... For purposes of description, the physical geography of the United States is split into several major physiographic divisions, one being the Intermontane Plateaus. ... The Four Corners region is in the red area on this map The Four Corners Monument, placed by the Interior Department at the exact point. ... Regional definitions vary from source to source. ... A square mile is an English unit of area equal to that of a square with sides each 1 statute mile (≈1,609 m) in length. ... Official language(s) English Capital Denver Largest city Denver Largest metro area Denver-Aurora Metro Area Area  Ranked 8th  - Total 104,185 sq mi (269,837 km²)  - Width 280 miles (451 km)  - Length 380 miles (612 km)  - % water 0. ... Capital Santa Fe Largest city Albuquerque Area  Ranked 5th  - Total 121,665 sq mi (315,194 km²)  - Width 342 miles (550 km)  - Length 370 miles (595 km)  - % water 0. ... This article is about the U.S. state. ... Official language(s) English Spoken language(s) English 74. ... Colorado River in the Grand Canyon from Desert View The Colorado River is a river in the southwestern United States and northwestern Mexico, approximately 1,450 mi (2,333 km) long, draining a part of the arid regions on the western slope of the Rocky Mountains. ... The Green River, a tributary of the Colorado, is shown highlighted on a map of the western United States. ... Categories: Stub | Colorado rivers | Utah rivers ... The Little Colorado River is shown highlighted on a map of the United States The Little Colorado River is a tributary of the Colorado River, approximately 315 mi (507 km) long, in the U.S. state of Arizona. ...

Contents

Geography

The province is bounded by the Rocky Mountains, Uinta Mountains, Wasatch Mountains, Rio Grande Rift, Mogollon Rim and the Basin and Range. Isolated ranges of the Southern Rocky Mountains such as the San Juan Mountains in Colorado and the La Sal Mountains in Utah intermix into the central and southern parts of the Colorado Plateau. It is composed of six sections: For individual mountains named Rocky Mountain, see Rocky Mountain (disambiguation). ... This view of Kings Peak and the Henrys Fork Basin shows the cliff bands and basins typical throughout the Uintas. ... The Wasatch Range (also seen as Wasatch Mountains and Wahsatch Range) is a mountain range that stretches from southern Idaho and Wyoming south through central Utah in the Western United States. ... The Rio Grande Rift is a rift valley extending north from Mexico, near El Paso, Texas through New Mexico into central Colorado. ... The Mogollon Rim is a topographical and geological feature running across Arizona, extending approximately 400 miles (650 km) from northern Yavapai County eastward to the Mogollon Mountains in southwest New Mexico. ... Basin and Range index map - USGS The Basin and Range Province is a particular type of topography that covers much of the southwestern United States and northwestern Mexico that is typified by elongate north-south trending arid valleys bounded by mountain ranges which also bound adjacent valleys. ... For individual mountains named Rocky Mountain, see Rocky Mountain (disambiguation). ... The San Juan Mountains are a rugged mountain range in the Rocky Mountains in southwestern Colorado. ... Official language(s) English Capital Denver Largest city Denver Largest metro area Denver-Aurora Metro Area Area  Ranked 8th  - Total 104,185 sq mi (269,837 km²)  - Width 280 miles (451 km)  - Length 380 miles (612 km)  - % water 0. ... La Sal mountain range as seen from Slickrock Trail in Moab, Utah. ... This article is about the U.S. state. ...

  • Uinta Basin Section
  • High Plateaus Section
  • Grand Canyon Section
  • Canyon Lands Section
  • Navajo Section
  • Datil Section

As the name implies, the High Plateaus Section is, on average, the highest section. North-south trending normal faults that include the Hurricane, Sevier, Grand Wash, and Paunsaugunt separate the section's component plateaus. This fault pattern is caused by the tensional forces pulling apart the adjacent Basin and Range province to the west, making this section transitional. The Uintah Basin is a geologic structural basin in eastern Utah, east of the Wasatch Mountains and south of the Uinta Mountains. ... Old fault exposed by roadcut near Harrisburg, Pennsylvania. ...


Occupying the southeast corner of the Colorado Plateau is the Datil Section. Thick sequences of mid-Tertiary to late-Cenozoic-aged lava covers this section. Tertiary geological time interval covers roughly the time span between the demise of the non-avian dinosaurs and beginning of the most recent Ice Age, approximately 65 million to 1. ... The Cenozoic Era (IPA pronunciation: ); sometimes Caenozoic Era or Cainozoic Era (in the United Kingdom), meaning new life (Greek (kainos), new, and (zoe), life), is the most recent of the three classic geological eras. ... Look up lava, Aa, pahoehoe in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ...


Development of the province has in large part been influenced by structural features in its oldest rocks. Part of the Wasatch Line and its various faults form the western edge of the province. Faults that run parallel to the Wasatch Fault that lies along the Wasatch Range form the boundaries between the plateaus in the High Plateaus Section. The Unita Basin, Uncompahgre Uplift, and the Paradox Basin were also created by movement along structural weaknesses in the region's oldest rock. For the county, see Wasatch County, Utah. ...


In Utah, the province includes several higher fault-separated plateaus: Old fault exposed by roadcut near Harrisburg, Pennsylvania. ... For other uses, see Plateau (disambiguation). ...

Four Corners region and Colorado Plateau
Four Corners region and Colorado Plateau

The mostly flat-lying sedimentary rock units that make up these plateaus are found in component plateaus that are between 5000 feet (1500 m) to over 11,000 feet (3350 m) above sea level. A supersequence of these rocks is exposed in the various cliffs and canyons (including the Grand Canyon) that make up the Grand Staircase. Increasingly younger east-west trending escarpments of the Grand Staircase extend north of the Grand Canyon and are named for their color: The Aquarius Plateau is a physiographic region within Garfield and Wayne counties in south-central Utah. ... The Markagunt Plateau is an 800 square mile plateau located in the southwest corner of Utah between I15 and UT 89, it encompasses Cedar Breaks National Monument and part of Zion National Park. ... The Paunsaugunt Plateau (pronounced PAWN-suh-gant) is dissected plateau, rising to an elevation of 7000 ft-9300 ft (2100 m-2800 m), in southwestern Utah in the United States. ... Image File history File links Four_corners. ... Image File history File links Four_corners. ... Four Corners may refer to one of the following: Four Corners, a region of the United States the Four Corners Monument at that location Four Corners, a point in Canada Four Corners, an Australian news program Four Corners, a movie by James Benning four corners offense, a style of basketball... Two types of sedimentary rock: limey shale overlaid by limestone. ... For considerations of sea level change, in particular rise associated with possible global warming, see sea level rise. ... This article is about the canyon in the southwestern United States. ... The Grand Staircase is an immense sequence of sedimentary rock layers that stretch south from Bryce Canyon National Park through Zion National Park and into the Grand Canyon. ...

  • Chocolate Cliffs,
  • Vermillion Cliffs,
  • White Cliffs,
  • Gray Cliffs, and the
  • Pink Cliffs.

Within these rocks are abundant mineral resources that include uranium, coal, petroleum, and natural gas. Study of the area's unusually clear geologic history (which is laid bare due to the arid and semiarid conditions) has greatly advanced that science. For other uses, see Mineral (disambiguation). ... General Name, symbol, number uranium, U, 92 Chemical series actinides Group, period, block n/a, 7, f Appearance silvery gray metallic; corrodes to a spalling black oxide coat in air Standard atomic weight 238. ... Coal Coal (IPA: ) is a fossil fuel formed in swamp ecosystems where plant remains were saved by water and mud from oxidization and biodegradation. ... Pumpjack pumping an oil well near Lubbock, Texas Ignacy Łukasiewicz - inventor of the refining of kerosene from crude oil. ... For other uses, see Natural gas (disambiguation). ...


A rain shadow from the Sierra Nevada far to the west and the many ranges of the Basin and Range means that the Colorado Plateau receives 6 to 16 inches (15 to 40 cm) of annual precipitation. Higher areas receive more precipitation and are covered in forests of pine, fir, and spruce. For the television series see Rain Shadow. ... This article is about the mountain range in the Western United States. ...


History

Anasazi lived in the region from around 2000 to 700 years ago. Ancient Pueblo People, or Ancestral Puebloans is the preferred term for the group of peoples often known as Anasazi who are the ancestors of the modern Pueblo peoples. ...


U.S. Army Major and geologist John Wesley Powell explored the area in 1869 and 1872 despite having lost one arm in the American Civil War. Using fragile boats and small groups of men the Powell Geographic Expedition charted this largely unknown region of the United States for the federal government. The United States Army is the largest and oldest branch of the armed forces of the United States. ... John Wesley Powell, second Director of the USGS. Served from 1881-1894. ... Combatants United States of America (Union) Confederate States of America (Confederacy) Commanders Abraham Lincoln, Ulysses S. Grant Jefferson Davis, Robert E. Lee Strength 2,200,000 1,064,000 Casualties 110,000 killed in action, 360,000 total dead, 275,200 wounded 93,000 killed in action, 258,000 total... First camp of the John Wesley Powell expedition, in the willows, Green River, Wyoming, 1871 The Powell Geographic Expedition was a groundbreaking 19th century U.S. exploratory expedition of the American West, led by John Wesley Powell in 1869, that provided the first-ever thorough investigation of the Green and...


Construction of the Hoover Dam in the 1930s and the Glen Canyon Dam in the 1960s changed the character of the Colorado River. Dramatically reduced sediment load changed its color from reddish brown (Colorado is Spanish for "red colored") to mostly clear. The apparent green color is from algae on the riverbed's rocks, not from any significant amount of suspended material. The lack of sediment has also starved sand bars and beaches but an experimental 12 day long controlled flood from Glen Canyon Dam in 1996 showed substantial restoration. Similar floods are planned for every 5 to 10 years. For the dam near Westerville, Ohio, see Hoover Dam (Ohio). ... Glen Canyon Dam on 19 June 2005. ... A seaweed (Laurencia) up close: the branches are multicellular and only about 1 mm thick. ... In geography, a bar is a linear shoaling landform feature within a body of water. ... For other uses, see Beach (disambiguation). ... Year 1996 (MCMXCVI) was a leap year starting on Monday (link will display full 1996 Gregorian calendar). ...

The Colorado River near Grand Junction, Colorado.
The Colorado River near Grand Junction, Colorado.

Image File history File linksMetadata Size of this preview: 800 × 600 pixel Image in higher resolution (2304 × 1728 pixel, file size: 685 KB, MIME type: image/jpeg) The Colorado River near Grand Junction, Colorado by David Jolley 2006. ... Image File history File linksMetadata Size of this preview: 800 × 600 pixel Image in higher resolution (2304 × 1728 pixel, file size: 685 KB, MIME type: image/jpeg) The Colorado River near Grand Junction, Colorado by David Jolley 2006. ...

Geology

One of the most geologically intriguing features of the Colorado Plateau is its remarkable stability. Relatively little rock deformation such as faulting and folding has affected this high, thick crustal block within the last 600 million years or so. In contrast, provinces that have suffered severe deformation surround the plateau. Mountain building thrust up the Rocky Mountains to the north and east and tremendous, earth-stretching tension created the Basin and Range province to the west and south. Old fault exposed by roadcut near Harrisburg, Pennsylvania. ... Very tight folds. ... For individual mountains named Rocky Mountain, see Rocky Mountain (disambiguation). ... Basin and Range index map - USGS The Basin and Range Province is a particular type of topography that covers much of the southwestern United States and northwestern Mexico that is typified by elongate north-south trending arid valleys bounded by mountain ranges which also bound adjacent valleys. ...


The Precambrian and Paleozoic history of the Colorado Plateaus is best revealed near its southern end where the Grand Canyon has exposed rocks with ages that span almost 2 billion years. The oldest rocks at river level are igneous and metamorphic and have been lumped together as "Vishnu Basement Rocks;" the oldest ages recorded by these rocks fall in the range 1950 to 1680 million years. An erosion surface on the "Vishnu Basement Rocks" is covered by sedimentary rocks and basalt flows, and these rocks formed in the interval from about 1250 to 750 million years ago: in turn, they were uplifted and split into a range of fault-block mountains. Erosion greatly reduced this mountain range prior to the encroachment of a seaway along the passive western edge of the continent in the early Paleozoic. At the canyon rim is the Kaibab Formation, limestone deposited in the late Paleozoic (Permian) about 270 million years ago. The Precambrian (Pre-Cambrian) is an informal name for the eons of the geologic timescale that came before the current Phanerozoic eon. ... The Paleozoic Era (from the Greek palaio, old and zoion, animals, meaning ancient life) is the earliest of three geologic eras of the Phanerozoic eon. ... This article is about the canyon in the southwestern United States. ... Fault-block mountains are produced when normal (near vertical) faults fracture a section of continental crust. ...

The red cliffs of the Colorado Plateau tower above the northern Mojave Desert.
The red cliffs of the Colorado Plateau tower above the northern Mojave Desert.

A 12,000 to 15,000 foot (3700 to 4600 m) high extension of the Ancestral Rocky Mountains called the Uncompahgre Mountains were uplifted and the adjacent Paradox Basin subsided. Almost 4 miles (6.4 km) of sediment from the mountains and evaporites from the sea were deposited (see geology of the Canyonlands area for detail). Image File history File links Metadata Size of this preview: 800 × 600 pixelsFull resolution (1024 × 768 pixel, file size: 166 KB, MIME type: image/jpeg) The red cliffs of the Colorado Plateau rising above the Mojave Desert in southwest Utah. ... Image File history File links Metadata Size of this preview: 800 × 600 pixelsFull resolution (1024 × 768 pixel, file size: 166 KB, MIME type: image/jpeg) The red cliffs of the Colorado Plateau rising above the Mojave Desert in southwest Utah. ... The Ancestral Rockies were an ancient Paleozoic mountain range that existed in western North America in the location of the present-day southern Rocky Mountains in Colorado. ... A sample of evaporite material Evaporites (IPA: ) are water-soluble, mineral sediments that result from the evaporation of bodies of surficial water. ... The exposed geology of the Canyonlands area is complex and diverse; 12 formations are exposed in Canyonlands National Park that range in age from Pennsylvanian to Cretaceous. ...


Most of the formations were deposited in warm shallow seas and near-shore environments (such as beaches and swamps) as the seashore repeatedly advanced and retreated over the edge of a proto-North America (for detail, see geology of the Grand Canyon area). The province was probably on a continental margin throughout the late Precambrian and most of the Paleozoic era. Igneous rocks injected millions of years later form a marbled network through parts of the Colorado Plateau's darker metamorphic basement. By 600 million years ago North America had been leveled off to a remarkably smooth surface. Interstate road cut through limestone and shale strata in eastern Tennessee In geology and related fields, a stratum (plural: strata) is a layer of rock or soil with internally consistent characteristics that distinguishes it from contiguous layers. ... For other uses, see Beach (disambiguation). ... This article does not cite any references or sources. ... The Grand Canyon from Navajo Point. ...  Sediment  Rock  Mantle The continental shelf is the extended perimeter of each continent, which is covered during interglacial periods such as the current epoch by relatively shallow seas (known as shelf seas) and gulfs. ... The Paleozoic Era (from the Greek palaio, old and zoion, animals, meaning ancient life) is the earliest of three geologic eras of the Phanerozoic eon. ...


Throughout the Paleozoic Era, tropical seas periodically inundated the Colorado Plateau region. Thick layers of limestone, sandstone, siltstone, and shale were laid down in the shallow marine waters. During times when the seas retreated, stream deposits and dune sands were deposited or older layers were removed by erosion. Over 300 million years passed as layer upon layer of sediment accumulated.

Erosion-resistant sandstones of Mesozoic age result in bands of continuous cliffs, central Colorado Plateau

It was not until the upheavals that coincided with the formation of the supercontinent Pangea began about 250 million years ago that deposits of marine sediment waned and terrestrial deposits dominate. In late Paleozoic and much of the Mesozoic era the region was affected by a series of orogenies (mountain-building events) that deformed western North America and caused a great deal of uplift. Eruptions from volcanic mountain ranges to the west buried vast regions beneath ashy debris. Short-lived rivers, lakes, and inland seas left sedimentary records of their passage. Streams, ponds and lakes created formations such as the Chinle, Moenave, and Kayenta in the Mesozoic era. Later a vast desert formed the Navajo and Temple Cap formations and dry near-shore environment formed the Carmel (see geology of the Zion and Kolob canyons area for details). Download high resolution version (500x750, 235 KB)The Dirty Devil River near Twin Corral Box Canyon. ... Download high resolution version (500x750, 235 KB)The Dirty Devil River near Twin Corral Box Canyon. ... Pangea may refer to: a common alternative spelling of the name Pangaea given to the supercontinent that is believed to have existed during the Paleozoic and Mesozoic eras Pangea, a geology equipment supplier/developer of mineralogical testing equipment Pangea (cable system), a submarine telecommunications cable system connecting the Netherlands and... The Mesozoic Era is one of three geologic eras of the Phanerozoic eon. ... // Orogeny (Greek for mountain generating) is the process of mountain building, and may be studied as a tectonic structural event, as a geographical event and a chronological event, in that orogenic events cause distinctive structural phenomena and related tectonic activity, affect certain regions of rocks and crust and happen within... For other uses, see Mountain (disambiguation). ... Butchers Creek, Omeo, Victoria A stream, brook, beck, burn or creek, is a body of water with a detectable current, confined within a bed and banks. ... Two people reflected in a fish pond A pond is typically a man made body of water smaller than a lake. ... For other uses, see Lake (disambiguation). ... This article is about arid terrain. ... Kolob Canyons from the end of Kolob Canyons Road. ...


The area was again covered by a warm shallow sea when the Cretaceous Seaway opened in late Mesozoic time. The Dakota Sandstone and the Tropic Shale were deposited in the warm shallow waters of this advancing and retreating seaway. Several other formations were also created but were mostly eroded following two major periods of uplift. The Western Interior Seaway, also called the Cretaceous Seaway and the North American Inland Sea, was a huge inland sea that split the continent of North America into two halves during most of the early and mid-Cretaceous period. ... For morphological image processing operations, see Erosion (morphology). ...


The Laramide orogeny closed the seaway and uplifted a large belt of crust from Montana to Mexico, with the Colorado Plateau region being the largest block. Thrust faults in Colorado are thought to have formed from a slight clockwise movement of the region, which acted as a rigid crustal block. The Colorado Plateaus Province was uplifted largely as a single block, possibly due to its relative thickness. This relative thickness may be why compressional forces from the orogeny were mostly transmitted through the province instead of compacting it. Pre-existing weaknesses in Precambrian rocks were reactivated by the compression. It was along these ancient faults and other deeply-buried structures that much of the province's relatively small and gently-inclined flexures (such as anticlines, synclines, and monoclines) formed. Some of the prominent isolated mountain ranges of the Plateau, such as Ute Mountain and the Carrizo Mountains, both near the Four Corners, are cored by igneous rocks that were intruded about 70 million years ago, during the Laramide orogeny. The Laramide orogeny was a period of mountain building in western North America, which started in the Late Cretaceous, 70 to 80 million years ago, and ended 35 to 55 million years ago. ... Official language(s) English Capital Helena Largest city Billings Area  Ranked 4th  - Total 147,165 sq mi (381,156 km²)  - Width 255 miles (410 km)  - Length 630 miles (1,015 km)  - % water 1  - Latitude 44°26N to 49°N  - Longitude 104°2W to 116°2W Population  Ranked... A thrust fault is a particular type of fault, or break in the fabric of the Earths crust with resulting movement of each side against the other, in which a lower stratigraphic position is pushed up and over another. ... Official language(s) English Capital Denver Largest city Denver Largest metro area Denver-Aurora Metro Area Area  Ranked 8th  - Total 104,185 sq mi (269,837 km²)  - Width 280 miles (451 km)  - Length 380 miles (612 km)  - % water 0. ... Anticline with syncline visible at far right- USGS In structural geology, an anticline is a Fold (geology) that is convex to the youngest beds—youngest sediments are on back of hand, older under the palm. ... Road Cut near Ft. ... A fold in Slichowice nature reserve in Kielce (Variscan orogeny) The term fold is used in geology when one or a stack of originally flat and planar surfaces, such as sedimentary strata, are bent or curved as a result of plastic (i. ... Ute Mountain, also known as Sleeping Ute Mountain or Sleeping Man Mountain, is a small range of mountains in Montezuma County in extreme Southwestern Colorado, just northeast of the Four Corners Monument. ... The Carrizo Mountains (36°50 N, 109°7W) are a small range 15 to 20 km (9 to 12 miles) in diameter located on the Colorado Plateau in northeastern Arizona. ... Four Corners may refer to one of the following: Four Corners, a region of the United States the Four Corners Monument at that location Four Corners, a point in Canada Four Corners, an Australian news program Four Corners, a movie by James Benning four corners offense, a style of basketball... The Laramide orogeny was a period of mountain building in western North America, which started in the Late Cretaceous, 70 to 80 million years ago, and ended 35 to 55 million years ago. ...


Minor uplift events continued through the start of the Cenozoic era and were accompanied by some basaltic lava eruptions and mild deformation. The colorful Claron Formation that forms the delicate hoodoos of Bryce Amphitheater and Cedar Breaks was then laid down as sediments in cool streams and lakes (see geology of the Bryce Canyon area for details). The flat-lying Chuska Sandstone was deposited about 34 million years ago; the sandstone is predominantly of eolian origin and locally more than 500 meters thick. The Chuska Sandstone caps the Chuska mountains, and it lies uncomformably on Mesozoic rocks deformed during the Laramide orogeny. The Cenozoic Era (IPA pronunciation: ); sometimes Caenozoic Era or Cainozoic Era (in the United Kingdom), meaning new life (Greek (kainos), new, and (zoe), life), is the most recent of the three classic geological eras. ... For the cities, see Basalt, Colorado and Basalt, Idaho. ... Hoodoos East of Drumheller, Alberta Hoodoos are tall thin spires of rock that protrude from the bottom of arid basins and badlands. ... Butchers Creek, Omeo, Victoria A stream, brook, beck, burn or creek, is a body of water with a detectable current, confined within a bed and banks. ... Lake Clearwater, Ontario, Canada A lake is a large body of water, usually fresh water, surrounded by land. ... The exposed geology of the Bryce Canyon area shows a record of deposition that covers the last part of the Cretaceous period and the first half of the Cenozoic era in that part of North America. ... The Chuska Mountains are an elongate range on the Colorado Plateau and within the Navajo Nation. ... The Laramide orogeny was a period of mountain building in western North America, which started in the Late Cretaceous, 70 to 80 million years ago, and ended 35 to 55 million years ago. ...


Younger igneous rocks form spectacular topographic features. The Henry Mountains, La Sal Range, and Abajo Mountains, ranges that dominate many views in southeastern Utah, are formed about igneous rocks that were intruded in the interval from 20 to 31 million years: some igneous intrusions in these mountains form laccoliths, a form of intrusion recognized by Grove Karl Gilbert during his studies of the Henry Mountains. Ship Rock (also called Shiprock), in northwestern New Mexico, and Church Rock and Agathla, near Monument Valley, are erosional remnants of potassium-rich igneous rocks and associated breccias of the Navajo Volcanic Field, produced about 25 million years ago. The Hopi Buttes in northeastern Arizona are held up by resistant sheets of sodic volcanic rocks, extruded about 7 million years ago. More recent igneous rocks are concentrated nearer the margins of the Colorado Plateau. The San Francisco Peaks near Flagstaff, south of the Grand Canyon, are volcanic landforms produced by igneous activity that began in that area about 6 million years ago and continued until 1064 C.E., when basalt erupted in Sunset Crater National Monument. Mount Taylor, near Grants, New Mexico, is a volcanic structure with a history similar to that of the San Francisco Peaks: a basalt flow closer to Grants was extruded only about 3000 years ago (see El Malpais National Monument). These young igneous rocks may record processes in the earth's mantle that are eating away at deep margins of the relatively stable block of the Plateau. An image of peaks in the Henry mountains viewed from a high mountain road. ... La Sal mountain range as seen from Arches National Park. ... The Abajo Mountains, also called the Blue Mountains, are a small mountain range west of Monticello, Utah, south of Canyonlands National Park and north of Blanding, Utah. ... A laccolith is an igneous intrusion (or concordant pluton) that has been injected between two layers of sedimentary rock. ... Grove, Karl, Gilbert (May 6, 1843 – May 1, 1918), known by the abbreviated name in academic literature, was an American geologist. ... An image of peaks in the Henry mountains viewed from a high mountain road. ... Shiprock Shiprock, or Shiprock Peak (Dine: Tsé Bit Aí, winged rock) is a rock formation rising nearly 1,800 feet (540 meters) above the high-desert plain on the Navajo reservation, near the northern New Mexico town of Shiprock. ... El Capitan, also called Agathla by the Navajo people, is a peak in Monument Valley, Arizona, a volcanic cone over 1500 feet (457 meters) high. ... Monument Valley from the valley floor. ... The San Francisco Peaks, with the Wupatki National Monument in the foreground Composite image of the mountains, from satellite imagery projected onto an elevation model. ... Nickname: Location in Coconino County the state of Arizona Coordinates: , Country State County Coconino County Government  - Mayor Joseph C. Donaldson Area  - City  98. ... This article is about the canyon in the southwestern United States. ... Sunset Crater is a cinder cone located in Arizona in the United States. ... This article is about the volcano in New Mexico. ... The Grants Mining Museum, next to Historic Route 66. ... View of the El Malpais Lava Fields El Malpais National Monument is off I-40 in western New Mexico, USA, near Cibola National Forest. ...


Tectonic activity resumed in Mid Cenozoic time and started to unevenly uplift and slightly tilt the Colorado Plateaus region and the region to the west some 20 million years ago (as much as 3 kilometers of uplift occurred). Streams had their gradient increased and they responded by downcutting faster. Headward erosion and mass wasting helped to erode cliffs back into their fault-bounded plateaus, widening the basins in-between. Some plateaus have been so severely reduced in size this way that they become mesas or even buttes. Monoclines form as a result of uplift bending the rock units. Eroded monoclines leave steeply tilted resistant rock called a hogback and the less steep version is a cuesta. Stream gradient is the ratio of drop in a stream per unit distance, usually expressed as feet per mile or meters per kilometer. ... Erosional downcutting by the San Juan River in Utah. ... This article needs to be wikified. ... Mass wasting, also known as mass movement or slope movement, is the geomorphic process by which soil, regolith, and rock move downslope under the force of gravity. ... Mathematics Engineering and Science Achievement (MESA) is a current program that is building in schools around the United States. ... Butte near Sedona, Arizona A butte is an isolated hill with steep sides and a small flat top. ... A fold in Slichowice nature reserve in Kielce (Variscan orogeny) The term fold is used in geology when one or a stack of originally flat and planar surfaces, such as sedimentary strata, are bent or curved as a result of plastic (i. ...

Cliffs of Navajo Sandstone in Zion National Park

Great tension developed in the crust, probably related to changing plate motions far to the west. As the crust stretched, the Basin and Range province broke up into a multitude of down-dropped valleys and elongate mountains. Major faults, such as the Hurricane Fault, developed that separate the two regions. The dry climate was in large part a rainshadow effect resulting from the rise of the Sierra Nevada further west. Yet for some reason not fully understood, the neighboring Colorado Plateau was able to preserve its structural integrity and remained a single tectonic block. Eventually, the great block of Colorado Plateau crust rose a kilometer higher than the Basin and Range. As the land rose, the streams responded by cutting ever deeper stream channels. The most well-known of these streams, the Colorado River, began to carve the Grand Canyon less than 6 million years ago in response to sagging caused by the opening of the Gulf of California to the southwest. Download high resolution version (2000x759, 247 KB)Photo taken by Daniel Mayer in August 2004. ... Download high resolution version (2000x759, 247 KB)Photo taken by Daniel Mayer in August 2004. ... Zion Canyon as seen from the top of Angels Landing at sunset Zion National Park is a United States National Park located in the Southwestern United States, near Springdale, Utah. ... Basin and Range index map - USGS The Basin and Range Province is a particular type of topography that covers much of the southwestern United States and northwestern Mexico that is typified by elongate north-south trending arid valleys bounded by mountain ranges which also bound adjacent valleys. ... A rain shadow (or more accurately, precipitation shadow) is a dry region on the surface of the Earth that is leeward or behind a mountain with respect to the prevailing wind direction. ... This article is about the mountain range in the Western United States. ... Colorado River in the Grand Canyon from Desert View The Colorado River is a river in the southwestern United States and northwestern Mexico, approximately 1,450 mi (2,333 km) long, draining a part of the arid regions on the western slope of the Rocky Mountains. ... This article is about the canyon in the southwestern United States. ... The Gulf of California (also known as the Sea of Cortez or Sea of Cortés; locally known in the Spanish language as Mar de Cortés or, much less frequently, Golfo de California) is a body of water that separates the Baja California Peninsula from the Mexican mainland. ...


The Pleistocene epoch brought periodic ice ages and a cooler, wetter climate. This increased erosion at higher elevations with the introduction of alpine glaciers while mid-elevations were attacked by frost wedging and lower areas by more vigorous stream scouring. Pluvial lakes also formed during this time. Glaciers and pluvial lakes disappeared and the climate warmed and became drier with the start of Holocene epoch. The Pleistocene epoch (IPA: ) on the geologic timescale is the period from 1,808,000 to 11,550 years BP. The Pleistocene epoch had been intended to cover the worlds recent period of repeated glaciations. ... Variations in CO2, temperature and dust from the Vostok ice core over the last 400 000 years For the animated movie, see Ice Age (movie). ... Aletsch glacier, Switzerland A glacier is a large, long-lasting river of ice that is formed on land and moves in response to gravity. ... A pluvial lake is a lake which experiences significant increase in depth and extent as a result of increased precipitation and reduced evaporation. ... The Holocene epoch is a geological period that extends from the present day back to about 10,000 radiocarbon years, approximately 11,430 ± 130 calendar years BP (between 9560 and 9300 BC). ...


Natural Resources

Petroleum

The rocks of the Colorado Plateau are a source of oil and a major source of natural gas. Major petroleum deposits are present in the San Juan Basin of New Mexico and Colorado, the Uinta Basin of Utah, the Piceance Basin of Colorado, and the Paradox Basin of Utah, Colorado, and Arizona. For other uses, see Natural gas (disambiguation). ... The San Juan Basin is a drainage basin and geologic structural basin in the Four Corners region of the Southwestern United States; its main portion covers around 4,600 square miles, encompassing much of northwestern New Mexico, northeastern Arizona, and parts of Colorado and Utah. ... Capital Santa Fe Largest city Albuquerque Area  Ranked 5th  - Total 121,665 sq mi (315,194 km²)  - Width 342 miles (550 km)  - Length 370 miles (595 km)  - % water 0. ... Official language(s) English Capital Denver Largest city Denver Largest metro area Denver-Aurora Metro Area Area  Ranked 8th  - Total 104,185 sq mi (269,837 km²)  - Width 280 miles (451 km)  - Length 380 miles (612 km)  - % water 0. ... The Uintah Basin is a geologic structural basin in eastern Utah, east of the Wasatch Mountains and south of the Uinta Mountains. ... This article is about the U.S. state. ... Oil Shale in Piceance Basin, Colorado. ... Official language(s) English Capital Denver Largest city Denver Largest metro area Denver-Aurora Metro Area Area  Ranked 8th  - Total 104,185 sq mi (269,837 km²)  - Width 280 miles (451 km)  - Length 380 miles (612 km)  - % water 0. ... This article is about the U.S. state. ... Official language(s) English Capital Denver Largest city Denver Largest metro area Denver-Aurora Metro Area Area  Ranked 8th  - Total 104,185 sq mi (269,837 km²)  - Width 280 miles (451 km)  - Length 380 miles (612 km)  - % water 0. ... Official language(s) English Spoken language(s) English 74. ...


Uranium

The Colorado Plateau holds major uranium deposits. (See Uranium mining in Utah and Uranium mining in the United States). Uranium mining in Utah, a state of the United States, has a history going back more than 100 years. ... Most uranium ore in the United States comes from deposits in sandstone, which tend to be of lower grade than those of Australia and Canada. ...


Coal

Major coal deposits are being mined in the Colorado Plateau in Utah, Arizona, and New Mexico. This article is about the U.S. state. ... Official language(s) English Spoken language(s) English 74. ...


Protected lands

Prickly Pear cactus are common throughout the Colorado Plateau region.
Prickly Pear cactus are common throughout the Colorado Plateau region.

This relatively high semi-arid province produces many distinctive erosional features such as arches, arroyos, canyons, cliffs, fins, natural bridges, pinnacles, hoodoos, and monoliths that, in various places and extents, have been protected. Also protected are areas of historic or cultural significance, such as the pueblos of the Anasazi culture. There are nine U.S. National Parks, a National Historical Park, sixteen U.S. National Monuments and dozens of wilderness areas in the province along with millions of acres in U.S. National Forests, many state parks, and other protected lands. In fact, this region has the highest concentration of parklands in North America. Image File history File linksMetadata Download high-resolution version (2304x1728, 563 KB) Prickly Pear cactus by David Jolley. ... Image File history File linksMetadata Download high-resolution version (2304x1728, 563 KB) Prickly Pear cactus by David Jolley. ... An arroyo is a dry creek bed or gulch that fills with water either seasonally, or after a heavy rain. ... Grand Canyon, Arizona Noravank Monastery complex and canyon in Armenia. ... “Precipice” redirects here. ... Rainbow Bridge was formed by a meandering watercourse. ... Hoodoos East of Drumheller, Alberta Hoodoos are tall thin spires of rock that protrude from the bottom of arid basins and badlands. ... A monolith is a geological or technological feature such as a mountain, consisting of a single massive stone or rock. ... It has been suggested that this article or section be merged into Pueblo Indians . ... Ancient Pueblo People, or Ancestral Puebloans is the preferred term for the group of peoples often known as Anasazi who are the ancestors of the modern Pueblo peoples. ... The parks of the United States National Park system are one type of protected area in the United States and are operated by the National Park Service. ... Navajo National Monument Devils Tower National Monument Statue of Liberty National Monument Fort Matanzas National Monument A National Monument is a protected area of the United States that is similar to a national park (specifically a U.S. National Park) except that the President of the United States can quickly... Broadly, a wilderness area is a region where the land is left in a state where human modifications are minimal; that is, as a wilderness. ... This article is on national forests in the United States. ... North America North America is a continent[1] in the Earths northern hemisphere and (chiefly) western hemisphere. ...

Erosional features within Glen Canyon National Recreation Area. Lake Powell, in foreground, is not a natural lake but a reservoir impounded by Glen Canyon Dam.
Erosional features within Glen Canyon National Recreation Area. Lake Powell, in foreground, is not a natural lake but a reservoir impounded by Glen Canyon Dam.

National parks (from south to north to south clockwise): Image File history File links Size of this preview: 800 × 570 pixelsFull resolution (1024 × 730 pixel, file size: 99 KB, MIME type: image/jpeg) File historyClick on a date/time to view the file as it appeared at that time. ... Image File history File links Size of this preview: 800 × 570 pixelsFull resolution (1024 × 730 pixel, file size: 99 KB, MIME type: image/jpeg) File historyClick on a date/time to view the file as it appeared at that time. ... Glen Canyon National Recreation Area (Glen Canyon NRA) is a recreation and conservation unit of the National Park Service that encompasses the area around Lake Powell in Utah and Arizona, covering 1,254,429 acres (5,076 km²) of mostly desert. ... Lake Powell is a man-made reservoir on the Colorado River, straddling the border between Utah and Arizona. ... Glen Canyon Dam on 19 June 2005. ...

National Monuments (alphabetical): Petrified Forest National Park is located in northeastern Arizona, along Interstate 40 between Holbrook and Navajo. ... Grand Canyon National Park is one of the United States oldest national parks and is located in Arizona. ... Zion Canyon as seen from the top of Angels Landing at sunset Zion National Park is a United States National Park located in the Southwestern United States, near Springdale, Utah. ... Bryce Canyon National Park Bryce Canyon National Park is a national park located in southwestern Utah in the United States. ... Capitol Reef National Park is a United States National Park, in south-central Utah. ... Canyonlands National Park, located near Moab, Utah and the Arches National Park, was designated as a National Park on September 12, 1964. ... Arches National Park preserves over 2,000 natural sandstone arches, including the world-famous Delicate Arch, in addition to a variety of unique geological resources and formations. ... Black Canyon of the Gunnison National Park is a United States National Park located in western Colorado. ... Mesa Verde National Park is a U.S. National Park and UNESCO World Heritage Site located in Montezuma County, Colorado, United States. ... Kiva at Pueblo Del Arroyo Chaco Culture National Historical Park is a United States National Historical Park and World Heritage Site which contains the densest and most exceptional concentration of large pueblos in the American Southwest. ...

Wilderness areas: West walls of the ruins The Aztec Ruins National Monument is a U.S. National Monument, centered around ancestral Pueblo structures in north-western New Mexico, United States, located close to the town of Aztec. ... Canyon de Chelly National Monument, established April 1, 1931 as a unit of the National Park Service, is located in northeastern Arizona, within the boundaries of the Navajo Nation. ... Canyons of the Ancients National Monument is located in the southwestern region of the U.S. state of Colorado, and is managed by the U.S. Bureau of Land Management, an agency within the U.S. Department of the Interior. ... Cedar Breaks National Monument is located Near Cedar City Utah, United States. ... Colorado National Monument is a part of the U.S. National Park Service near the city of Grand Junction, Colorado, in the western part of the state. ... Grand Canyon-Parashant National Monument (sometimes referred to as Parashant National Monument) is located on the northern edge of the Grand Canyon in northwest Arizona. ... Near Egypt Trailhead, Canyons of the Escalante The Grand Staircase-Escalante National Monument contains 1. ... View of the El Malpais Lava Fields El Malpais National Monument is off I-40 in western New Mexico, USA, near Cibola National Forest. ... Aerial view of El Morro. ... Hovenweep National Monument straddles the Colorado-Utah border west of Cortez, Colorado. ... The Navajo National Monument resides in the Navajo Reservation (Arizona). ... Natural Bridges National Monument is a U.S. National Monument located in the southeast of Utah, in the western United States. ... Insert non-formatted text Rainbow Bridge Rainbow Bridge in Glen Canyon National Recreation Area, southern Utah, USA, is the often described as the worlds largest natural bridge. ... Sunset Crater is a cinder cone located in Arizona in the United States. ... Vermilion Cliffs National Monument is located in the U.S. state of Arizona. ... Walnut Canyon National Monument is a United States National Monument located about 10mi north east of Flagstaff, Arizona. ... Wupatki National Monument, with the San Francisco Mountains beyond Wupatki National Monument is an area of north-central Arizona, rich in American Indian ruins, administered by the National Park Service in close conjunction with the nearby Sunset Crater Volcano National Monument. ...

Other notable protected areas include: Glen Canyon National Recreation Area, Dead Horse Point State Park, Goosenecks State Park, the San Rafael Swell, the Grand Gulch Primitive Area, Kodachrome Basin State Park, Goblin Valley State Park and Barringer Crater. Kendrick Mountain Wilderness is a wilderness area in the U.S. State of Arizona. ... The Beaver Dam Mountains Wilderness is located in northwestern Arizona and southwestern Utah, USA, within the arid Colorado Plateau region. ... The Mount Logan Wilderness is a 14,650 acre (59 km²) wilderness area in the Arizona Strip. ... The Mount Trumbull Wilderness is a 7,880 acre (31 km²) wilderness area located on the Uinkaret Plateau in the Arizona Strip. ... The Paria Canyon-Vermilion Cliffs Wilderness is located in northern Arizona and southern Utah, U.S.A., within the arid Colorado Plateau region. ... The Black Ridge Canyons Wilderness is located in western Colorado and eastern Utah, USA, within the arid Colorado Plateau region approximately 15 miles (24 kilometers) west of Grand Junction, Colorado. ... The Flat Tops Wilderness Area is a U.S. Wilderness area located in White River National Forest in northwestern Colorado. ... The Uncompahgre Wilderness (formally called the Big Blue Wilderness) is a wilderness area in southwest Colorado, USA. It is managed by the Uncompahgre National Forest. ... The Mount Sneffels Wilderness is a wilderness area in southwest Colorado, and is managed by the Uncompahgre National Forest. ... The eponymous Lizard Head The Lizard Head Wilderness is a wilderness area in southwest Colorado. ... The Weminuche Wilderness is a wilderness area in southwest Colorado managed by the San Juan National Forest on the west side of the Continental Divide and the Rio Grande National Forest on the east side of the divide. ... The Ashdown Gorge Wilderness is located in southwestern Utah, USA, within the arid Colorado Plateau region. ... The Dark Canyon Wilderness in the heart of southeast Utah’s canyon country is named for its high, steep walls that narrow in the lower section so that they block the light in the morning and late afternoon. ... The High Uintas Wilderness preserves the wild core of the massive Uinta mountain range. ... Glen Canyon National Recreation Area (Glen Canyon NRA) is a recreation and conservation unit of the National Park Service that encompasses the area around Lake Powell in Utah and Arizona, covering 1,254,429 acres (5,076 km²) of mostly desert. ... View of the Colorado River with Dead Horse Point in the middle Dead Horse Point State Park is a Utah state park adjacent to Canyonlands National Park, featuring a dramatic overlook of the Colorado River. ... Goosenecks State Park is a state park in the state of Utah in the United States. ... The San Rafael Swell is a large geologic feature located in south-central Utah, USA about 30 miles (50 km) west of Green River, Utah. ... Kodachrome Basin is a small, popular state park in Utah USA, situated a few miles south of Utah Route 12, about 20 miles southeast of Bryce Canyon, and reached by a paved road. ... Goblin Valley is Utahs skull in the sky, parade of elephants, and dance of dolls. ... The Barringer Crater, also known as the Meteor Crater, is a famous impact crater created by a meteorite, located about 55 kilometers east of Flagstaff in the northern Arizona desert (USA). ...


Further reading

  • Utahredrock: The Online Magazine of the Colorado Plateau, http://www.utahredrock.com
  • Donald L. Baars, Red Rock Country: The Geologic History of the Colorado Plateau, Doubleday (1972), hardcover, ISBN 0-385-01341-8
  • Donald L. Baars, Traveler's Guide to the Geology of the Colorado Plateau, University of Utah Press (2002), trade paperback, 250 pages, ISBN 0-87480-715-8
  • W. Scott Baldridge, Geology of the American Southwest: A Journey Through Two Billion Years of Plate-Tectonic History, Cambridge University Press (2004), 280 pages, ISBN 0-521-01666-5

References

  • Geology of National Parks: Fifth Edition, Ann G. Harris, Esther Tuttle, Sherwood D., Tuttle (Iowa, Kendall/Hunt Publishing; 1997), pages 2-3, 19-20, 25 ISBN 0-7872-5353-7
  • Physical Geology: Eight Edition, Plummer, McGeary, Carlson, (McGraw-Hill: Boston; 1999), page 320 ISBN 0-697-37404-1
  • Earth System History, Steven M. Stanley, (W.H. Freeman and Company; 1999), pages 511-513, 537 ISBN 0-7167-2882-6
  • USGS - Geologic Provinces of the United States: Colorado Plateau Province (some adapted public domain text)
  • Annabelle Foos, Geology of the Colorado Plateau, National Park Service PDF Accessed 12/21/2005.

  Results from FactBites:
 
Colorado - MSN Encarta (1414 words)
Colorado was admitted to statehood on August 1, 1876, during the 100th anniversary of the signing of the Declaration of Independence, and today its official nickname is the Centennial State.
Principal tributaries of the Colorado River that rise in Colorado are the Gunnison, Dolores, and San Juan rivers.
East of the divide the chief rivers are the South Platte River, a tributary of the Missouri, and the Arkansas River, a tributary of the Mississippi.
Colorado Plateau - definition of Colorado Plateau in Encyclopedia (1286 words)
The area is drained by the Colorado River and its tributaries, the Green, San Juan and Little Colorado rivers.
The Precambrian history of the Colorado Plateaus is only known at its southern end where the Grand Canyon has exposed the 2000 million year old Vishnu Schist to the 600 million year old Kaibab Limestone.
Thrust faults in Colorado are thought to have formed from a slight clockwise movement of the region, which acted as a rigid crustal block.
  More results at FactBites »


 

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