NationMaster - Encyclopedia: Colorado Territory

The Territory of Colorado was a historic, organized territory of the United States that existed between 1861 and 1876. Its boundaries were identical to the current State of Colorado. The territory ceased to exist when Colorado was admitted to the Union as a state on August 1, 1876. The territory was organized in the wake of the 1859 Pike's Peak Gold Rush, which had brought the first large concentration of white settlement to the region. The organic act^[1] creating the territory was passed by Congress and signed by President James Buchanan on February 28, 1861, during the secessions by Southern states that precipitated the American Civil War. The organization of the territory helped solidify Union control over a mineral rich area of the Rocky Mountains. Statehood was regarded as fairly imminent, but territorial ambitions for statehood were thwarted at the end of 1865 by a veto by President Andrew Johnson. Statehood for the territory was a recurring issue during the Ulysses Grant administration, with Grant advocating statehood against a less willing Congress during Reconstruction. Colorado Territory is a 1949 film western remake of the 1941 film noir High Sierra. ... In the history of the United States, an organized territory is a territory for which the United States Congress has enacted an Organic Act. ... Year 1861 (MDCCCLXI) was a common year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar (or a common year starting on Sunday of the 12-day slower Julian calendar). ... Year 1876 Pick up Sticks(MDCCCLXXVI) was a leap year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian Calendar (or a leap year starting on Thursday of the 12-day slower Julian calendar). ... Official language(s) English Capital Denver Largest city Denver Largest metro area Denver-Aurora Metro Area Area Ranked 8th - Total 104,185 sq mi (269,837 kmÂ²) - Width 280 miles (451 km) - Length 380 miles (612 km) - % water 0. ... is the 213th day of the year (214th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1876 Pick up Sticks(MDCCCLXXVI) was a leap year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian Calendar (or a leap year starting on Thursday of the 12-day slower Julian calendar). ... Year 1859 (MDCCCLIX) was a common year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar (or a common year starting on Thursday of the 12-day slower Julian calendar). ... Miners at Pikes Peak The Pikes Peak Gold Rush (later known as the Colorado Gold Rush) was the boom in gold prospecting and mining in the Pikes Peak Country of northwestern Kansas Territory and southwestern Nebraska Territory of the United States that began in July 1858 and lasted... In the history of the United States, an organized territory is a territory for which the United States Congress has enacted an Organic Act. ... Type Bicameral Houses Senate House of Representatives President of the Senate President pro tempore Dick Cheney, (R) since January 20, 2001 Robert C. Byrd, (D) since January 4, 2007 Speaker of the House Nancy Pelosi, (D) since January 4, 2007 Members 535 plus 4 Delegates and 1 Resident Commissioner Political... For other persons named James Buchanan, see James Buchanan (disambiguation). ... is the 59th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1861 (MDCCCLXI) was a common year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar (or a common year starting on Sunday of the 12-day slower Julian calendar). ... The U.S. Southern states or The South, known during the American Civil War era as Dixie, is a distinctive region of the United States with its own unique historical perspective, customs, musical styles, and cuisine. ... Combatants United States of America (Union) Confederate States of America (Confederacy) Commanders Abraham Lincoln, Ulysses S. Grant Jefferson Davis, Robert E. Lee Strength 2,200,000 1,064,000 Casualties 110,000 killed in action, 360,000 total dead, 275,200 wounded 93,000 killed in action, 258,000 total... In this map: Union states prohibiting slavery Union territories Border states on the Union side which allowed slavery Kansas, which entered and fought with the Union as a free state after the Bleeding Kansas crisis The Confederacy Confederate claimed and sometimes held territories During the American Civil War, the Union... For individual mountains named Rocky Mountain, see Rocky Mountain (disambiguation). ... 1865 (MDCCCLXV) is a common year starting on Sunday. ... This article or section does not adequately cite its references or sources. ... For other persons of the same name, see Andrew Johnson (disambiguation). ... Ulysses Simpson Grant (April 27, 1822 – July 23, 1885) was an American Civil War General and the 18th (1869–1877) President of the United States. ... For other uses, see Reconstruction (disambiguation). ...

Description of the Colorado Territory

The territory was organized out of lands in the Rockies on both sides of the continental divide and incorporating the area of the Pikes Peak gold rush that had begun two years previously. East of the divide, the new territory included the western portion of the Kansas Territory, as well as much of the southwestern Nebraska Territory, and an irregular parcel of the northern New Mexico Territory at the headwaters of the Rio Grande. On the western side of the divide, the territory included much of the eastern Utah Territory, all of which was strongly controlled by the Ute and Shoshoni. The Eastern Plains were held much more loosely by the intermixed Cheyenne and Arapaho, as well as by the Pawnee, Comanche and Kiowa. In 1861, ten days before the establishment of the territory, the Arapaho and Cheyenne agreed with the U.S. to give up most their areas of the plains to white settlement but were allowed to live in their larger traditional areas, so long as they could tolerate homesteaders near their camps. By the end of the American Civil War in 1865, the Native American presence had been largely eliminated from the High Plains. A continental divide is a line of elevated terrain which forms a border between two watersheds such that water falling on one side of the line eventually travels to one ocean or body of water, and water on the other side travels to another, generally on the opposite side of... This article is about the mountain in Colorado. ... map of Kansas Territory Kansas Territory was an organized territory of the United States that existed from May 30, 1854 to January 29, 1861, when Kansas became the 34th U.S. state admitted to the Union. ... Nebraska Territory was a historic, organized territory of the United States from May 30, 1854 until March 1, 1867 when Nebraska became the 37th U.S. state. ... The New Mexico Territory became an organized territory of the United States on September 9, 1850, and it existed until New Mexico became the 47th state on January 6, 1912. ... â€œRÃo Bravoâ€ redirects here. ... The Utah Territory was an organized territory of the United States that existed between 1850 and 1896. ... The Utes (; yoots) are an ethnically related group of American Indians now living primarily in Utah and Colorado. ... Shoshone is a Native American language. ... The Eastern Plains of Colorado refers to region of the U.S state of Colorado on the east side of the Rocky Mountains, and east of the population centers of the Front Range. ... For other uses, see Cheyenne (disambiguation). ... Scabby Bull, Arapaho 1806 Arapaho camp, ca. ... The Pawnee (also Paneassa, Pari, Pariki) are a Native American tribe that historically lived along the Platte, Loup and Republican Rivers in present-day Nebraska. ... For other uses, see Comanche (disambiguation). ... This article is about the tribe. ... Broadly defined, homesteading is a lifestyle of simple, agrarian self-sufficiency. ... Combatants United States of America (Union) Confederate States of America (Confederacy) Commanders Abraham Lincoln, Ulysses S. Grant Jefferson Davis, Robert E. Lee Strength 2,200,000 1,064,000 Casualties 110,000 killed in action, 360,000 total dead, 275,200 wounded 93,000 killed in action, 258,000 total... 1865 (MDCCCLXV) is a common year starting on Sunday. ... This article is about the High Plains of North-Eastern Victoria and South-Eastern New South Wales, Australia. ...

History of the Colorado Territory

The land which ultimately became the Colorado Territory had first come under the jurisdiction of the United States under the 1803 Louisiana Purchase and the 1848 Mexican Cession. 1803 was a common year starting on Saturday (see link for calendar). ... The Louisiana Purchase (French: Vente de la Louisiane) was the acquisition by the United States of America of 828,000 square miles (2,140,000 kmÂ²) of French territory (Louisiana) in 1803. ... Year 1848 (MDCCCXLVIII) was a leap year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian Calendar (or a leap year starting on Monday of the 12-day slower Julian calendar). ... It has been suggested that this article or section be merged into Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo. ...

Indigenous populations

Originally, the lands that comprised the Colorado Territory were inhabited primarily by the Cheyenne and Arapaho on the Eastern Plains, and the Ute in the Rocky Mountains. For other uses, see Cheyenne (disambiguation). ... Scabby Bull, Arapaho 1806 Arapaho camp, ca. ... The Eastern Plains of Colorado refers to region of the U.S state of Colorado on the east side of the Rocky Mountains, and east of the population centers of the Front Range. ... The Utes (; yoots) are an ethnically related group of American Indians now living primarily in Utah and Colorado. ... For individual mountains named Rocky Mountain, see Rocky Mountain (disambiguation). ...

Exploration by non-native peoples

The earliest explorers of European extraction to visit the area were Spanish explorers such as Coronado, although the Coronado expedition of 1540-42 only skirted the future border of the Colorado Territory to the south and southeast. In 1776, Francisco Atanasio Domínguez and Silvestre Vélez de Escalante explored southern Colorado in the Dominguez-Escalante Expedition. The Spanish colonization of the Americas was Spains conquest, settlement, and rule over much of the western hemisphere from 1492-1898. ... Coronado Sets Out to the North, by Frederic Remington, 1861-1909 Francisco VÃ¡zquez de Coronado (c. ... Francisco Atanasio DomÃnguez was a Franciscan missionary and explorer of the Southwest United States in 1776. ... The route of the Dominguez-Escalante Expedition of 1776 Painting of Dominguez-Escalante Expedition found in the Utah State Capitol building Silvestre VÃ©lez de Escalante was a Franciscan missionary and explorer of the Southwest United States during the late 18th century. ...

Other notable explorations included the Pike expedition of 1806-07 by Zebulon Pike, the journey along the north bank of the Platte River in 1820 by Stephen H. Long to what came to be called Longs Peak, the John C. Frémont expedition in 1845-46, and the Powell Geographic Expedition of 1869 by John Wesley Powell. United States Army Captain Zebulon Pike led the Pike expedition (July 15, 1806 â€“ July 1, 1807) to explore the south and west of the Louisiana Purchase. ... Zebulon Pike Jr. ... Stephen Harriman Long (December 30, 1784 - September 4, 1864) was a U.S. engineer, explorer, and military officer. ... John Charles FrÃ©mont (January 21, 1813 â€“ July 13, 1890), was an American military officer, explorer, the first candidate of the Republican Party for the office of President of the United States, and the first presidential candidate of a major party to run on a platform in opposition to slavery. ... First camp of the John Wesley Powell expedition, in the willows, Green River, Wyoming, 1871 The Powell Geographic Expedition was a groundbreaking 19th century U.S. exploratory expedition of the American West, led by John Wesley Powell in 1869, that provided the first-even thorough investigation of the Green and... John Wesley Powell, second Director of the USGS. Served from 1881-1894. ...

Early settlements, trade, and gold mining

In 1779, Governor de Anza of New Mexico fought and defeated the Comanches under Cuerno Verde in southwestern Colorado. In 1786, de Anza made peace with the Comanches, creating an alliance against the Apaches. Juan Bautista de Anza Juan Bautista de Anza Bezerra Nieto (July 1736 - December 19, 1788) was a Novo-Spanish explorer for the Spanish Empire. ...

A group of Cherokee crossed the South Platte and Cache la Poudre River valleys on their way to California in 1848 during the California Gold Rush. They reported finding trace amounts of gold in the South Platte and its tributaries as they passed along the mountains. In the south, in the San Luis Valley, early Mexican families established themselves in large land grants (later contested by the U.S.) from the Mexican government. For other uses, see Cherokee (disambiguation). ... Cache La Poudre River as it flows through Fort Collins, Colorado The Cache La Poudre River (sometimes called the Poudre River for short) is a tributary of the South Platte River in the state of Colorado in the United States. ... This article is about the U.S. state. ... Year 1848 (MDCCCXLVIII) was a leap year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian Calendar (or a leap year starting on Monday of the 12-day slower Julian calendar). ... The California Gold Rush (1848â€“1855) began shortly after January 24, 1848 (when gold was discovered at Sutters Mill in Coloma). ... The Great Sand Dunes sit directly west of the Sangre de Cristo Range, which is featured in the background. ...

In the early 18th century, the upper South Platte River valley had been infiltrated by fur traders, but had not been the site of permanent settlement. The first movement of permanent U.S. settlers in the area began with the Kansas-Nebraska Act of 1854, which allowed homestead land claims to be filed. Among the first settlers to establish claims were former fur traders who returned to the lands they once trapped, including Antoine Janis and other trappers from Fort Laramie who established a townsite near Laporte along the Cache la Poudre in 1858. The South Platte River in Denver, Colorado The South Platte River is one of the two principal tributaries of the Platte River and itself a major river of the American West, located in the U.S. states of Colorado and Nebraska. ... An Alberta fur trader in the 1890s. ... This 1856 map shows slave states (grey), free states (red), and US territories (green) with Kansas in center (white). ... 1854 (MDCCCLIV) was a common year starting on Sunday (see link for calendar). ... Broadly defined, homesteading is a lifestyle of simple, agrarian self-sufficiency. ... Antoine Janis Antoine Janis (March 26, 1824â€“1890) was a 19th century French-American fur trader and an early white homesteader in Larimer County, Colorado in the United States. ... Grounds of Fort Laramie Fort Laramie, located in present-day Goshen County, Wyoming in the United States, was a significant 19th century trading post and later a military outpost of the United States Army. ... Laporte (also spelled LaPorte) is an unincorporated town, a U.S. Census Bureau Census Designated Place (CDP), and a U.S. Post Office located in Larimer County, Colorado, United States. ... Year 1858 (MDCCCLVIII) was a common year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian Calendar (or a common year starting on Wednesday of the 12-day slower Julian calendar). ...

In 1858, Green Russell and a party of Georgians, having heard the story of the gold in the South Platte from Cherokee after they returned from California, set out to mine the area they described. That summer they founded a mining camp Auraria (named for a gold mining camp in Georgia) at the confluence of the South Platte and Cherry Creek. The Georgians left for their home state the following winter. At Bent's Fort along the Arkansas River, Russel told William Larimer, Jr., a Kansas land speculator, about the placer gold they had found. Larimer, realizing the opportunity to capitalize on it, hurried to Auraria. In November 1858, he laid claim to an area across Cherry Creek from Auraria and named it "Denver City" in honor of James W. Denver, the current governor of the Kansas Territory. Larimer did not intend to mine gold himself; he wanted to promote the new town and sell real estate to eager miners. Year 1858 (MDCCCLVIII) was a common year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian Calendar (or a common year starting on Wednesday of the 12-day slower Julian calendar). ... William Greeneberry Green Russell was born in 1818. ... Auraria was a small mining settlement in the Kansas Territory in the United States. ... Cherry Creek in Denver in 2003 Cherry Creeks location in the western part of the Missouri River watershed, highlighted in light blue Cherry Creek is a tributary of the South Platte River, 64 mi (103 km) long, in Colorado in the United States. ... For information concerning Bents New Fort, visit the National Park Services website at: [1] ... The Arkansas River flows through Colorado, Kansas, Oklahoma, and Arkansas. ... William Larimer, Jr. ... A sluice box used in placer mining Placer mining (pronounced plass-er) is an open-pit or open-cast form of mining by which certain valuable minerals are extracted from the surface of the earth without tunneling. ... Denver redirects here. ... James Denver James William Denver (October 23, 1817-August 9, 1892) was an American politician and lawyer. ...

Larimer's plan to promote his new town worked almost immediately, and by the following spring the western Kansas Territory along the South Platte was swarming with miners digging in river bottoms in what became known as the Colorado Gold Rush. Early arrivals moved upstream into the mountains quickly, seeking the lode source of the placer gold, and founded mining camps at Black Hawk and Central City. A rival group of civic individuals, including William A.H. Loveland, established the town of Golden at the base of the mountains west of Denver, with the intention of supplying the increasing tide of miners with necessary goods. Miners at Pikes Peak The Colorado Gold Rush was the boom in the prospecting and mining of gold in present-day Colorado in the United States that began in 1859 (when the land was still in the Kansas Territory) and lasted throughout the early 1860s. ... Restored historic buildings in downtown Black Hawk Black Hawk is a city in Gilpin County, Colorado, United States. ... Central City is the county seat of Gilpin County, Colorado. ... William A.H. Loveland from a 19th century engraving William Austin Hamilton Loveland (May 30, 1826â€“1894) was a U.S. railroad entrepreneur and businessman in the late 19th century. ... Downtown Golden, Colorado Golden, Colorado lies at the mouth of Clear Creek at the edge of the foothills of the Front Range. ...

Territorial aspirations

The movement to create a territory within the present boundaries of Colorado followed nearly immediately. Citizens of Denver and Golden pushed for territorial status of the newly settled region within a year of the founding of the towns. The movement was promoted by William Byers, publisher of the Rocky Mountain News, and by Larimer, who aspired to be the first territorial governor. In 1859, an informal movement to establish the Territory of Jefferson was launched, with entreaties sent to the United States Congress for its official organization. William Newton Byers (1831-02-22 â€“ 1903-03-25), was the editor and founder of The Rocky Mountain News in Denver, Colorado. ... The Rocky Mountain News is a daily morning tabloid-format newspaper published in Denver, Colorado. ... Jefferson Territory was an extralegal, unrecognized territory of the United States that existed from 1859 until 1860 or 1861, just prior to the Congressional organization of Colorado Territory. ... Type Bicameral Houses Senate House of Representatives President of the Senate President pro tempore Dick Cheney, (R) since January 20, 2001 Robert C. Byrd, (D) since January 4, 2007 Speaker of the House Nancy Pelosi, (D) since January 4, 2007 Members 535 plus 4 Delegates and 1 Resident Commissioner Political...

Congress did not wait long in granting the request of the citizens, partly encouraged by the promise of vast mineral wealth in the region. The territory was officially organized by Act of Congress on February 28, 1861, out of lands previously part of the Kansas, Nebraska, Utah, and New Mexico territories. Technically the territory was open to slavery under the Dred Scott Decision of 1857, but the question was rendered moot by the impending American Civil War and the majority pro-Union sentiment in the territory. The name "Colorado" was chosen for the territory. It had been previously suggested in 1850 by Senator Henry S. Foote as a name for a state to have been created out of present-day California south of 35° 45'. To the dismay of Denverites, the town of Golden became the territorial capital, a situation that was rectified to the advantage of Denver as it grew at the expense of Golden. is the 59th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1861 (MDCCCLXI) was a common year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar (or a common year starting on Sunday of the 12-day slower Julian calendar). ... Nebraska Territory was a historic, organized territory of the United States from May 30, 1854 until March 1, 1867 when Nebraska became the 37th U.S. state. ... The Utah Territory was an organized territory of the United States that existed between 1850 and 1896. ... The New Mexico Territory became an organized territory of the United States on September 9, 1850, and it existed until New Mexico became the 47th state on January 6, 1912. ... Holding Blacks, whether slaves or free, could not become United States citizens and the plaintiff therefore lacked the capacity to file a lawsuit. ... 1857 was a common year starting on Thursday (see link for calendar). ... Combatants United States of America (Union) Confederate States of America (Confederacy) Commanders Abraham Lincoln, Ulysses S. Grant Jefferson Davis, Robert E. Lee Strength 2,200,000 1,064,000 Casualties 110,000 killed in action, 360,000 total dead, 275,200 wounded 93,000 killed in action, 258,000 total... For the game, see: 1850 (board game) 1850 (MDCCCL) was a common year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar (or a common year starting on Sunday [1] of the 12-day-slower Julian calendar). ... Henry Stuart Foote (February 28, 1804 - May 19, 1880) was a United States Senator from Mississippi from 1847 to 1852 and Governor of Mississippi from 1852 to 1854. ...

Civil War years

During the Civil War, the tide of new miners into the territory slowed to a trickle, and many left for the East to fight. The Coloradoans who stayed formed two volunteer regiments, as well as home guard. Although seemingly stationed at the periphery of the war theaters, the Colorado regiments found themselves in a crucial position in 1862 after the Confederate invasion of the New Mexico Territory by General Henry Sibley and a force of Texans. Sibley's New Mexico campaign was intended as a prelude to an invasion of the Colorado Territory northward to Fort Laramie, cutting the supply lines between California and the rest of the Union. The Coloradoans, led by General Edward Canby and John M. Chivington, defeated Sibley's force at the Battle of Glorieta Pass, thwarting the Confederate strategy. Combatants United States of America (Union) Confederate States of America (Confederacy) Commanders Abraham Lincoln, Ulysses S. Grant Jefferson Davis, Robert E. Lee Strength 2,200,000 1,064,000 Casualties 110,000 killed in action, 360,000 total dead, 275,200 wounded 93,000 killed in action, 258,000 total... This article is about 1862 . ... Motto Deo Vindice (Latin: Under God, Our Vindicator) Anthem (none official) God Save the South (unofficial) The Bonnie Blue Flag (unofficial) Dixie (unofficial) Capital Montgomery, Alabama (until May 29, 1861) Richmond, Virginia (May 29, 1861â€“April 2, 1865) Danville, Virginia (from April 3, 1865) Language(s) English (de facto) Government... The New Mexico Territory became an organized territory of the United States on September 9, 1850, and it existed until New Mexico became the 47th state on January 6, 1912. ... Portrait of Henry Hopkins Sibley by Mathew Brady, ca. ... For other uses, see Texas (disambiguation). ... The New Mexico Campaign was a military operation of the American Civil War in February-March 1862 in which the Confederate Brigadier General Henry Hopkins Sibley invaded the northern New Mexico Territory in an attempt to gain control of the southwest, including the gold fields of Colorado and the ports... Grounds of Fort Laramie Fort Laramie, located in present-day Goshen County, Wyoming in the United States, was a significant 19th century trading post and later a military outpost of the United States Army. ... In this map: Union states prohibiting slavery Union territories Border states on the Union side which allowed slavery Kansas, which entered and fought with the Union as a free state after the Bleeding Kansas crisis The Confederacy Confederate claimed and sometimes held territories During the American Civil War, the Union... Major General E.R.S Canby Edward Richard Sprigg Canby (November 9, 1817 â€“ April 11, 1873) was a career U.S. Army officer and a Union general in the American Civil War and Indian Wars. ... Colonel John Chivington (1821-1894), born in Lebanon, Ohio, was the hero of Glorietta Pass and the man responsible for the Sand Creek Massacre. ... Combatants United States of America Confederate States of America Commanders John P. Slough John M. Chivington Charles L. Pyron William R. Scurry Strength Northern Division, Army of New Mexico 4th, 5th, and 7th Texas Cavalry Regiment, artillery, and a company of independent volunteers Casualties 142 189 The Battle of Glorieta...

Colorado War between the U.S. and the Indians of Cheyenne and Arapaho

In 1851, by the Treaty of Fort Laramie, the United States promised the Cheyenne and Arapaho tribes control, in the Colorado area, of the Eastern Plains between North Platte River and Arkansas River eastward from the Rocky Mountains. By the 1860s, as a result of the Colorado Gold Rush and homesteaders encroaching westward into Indian terrain, relations between U.S. Americans and the Native American people deteriorated. On February 18, 1861, in the Treaty of Fort Wise, several chiefs of Cheyenne and Arapaho agreed with U.S. representatives to cede most of the lands, ten years earlier designated to their tribes, for white settlement, keeping only a fragment of the original reserve, located between Arkansas River and Sand Creek. The Colorado War (1863â€“1865) was an armed conflict between the United States and a loose alliance among the Kiowa, Comanche, Arapaho, and Cheyenne tribes of Native Americans (the last two were particularly closely allied). ... The Treaty of Fort Laramie was an agreement between the United States and the Lakota nation, signed in 1868 at Fort Laramie in the Wyoming Territory, guaranteeing to the Lakota ownership of the Black Hills, and further land and hunting rights in South Dakota, Wyoming, and Montana. ... For other uses, see Cheyenne (disambiguation). ... Scabby Bull, Arapaho 1806 Arapaho camp, ca. ... The North Platte River The North Platte River is a tributary of the Platte River, approximately 680 mi (1,094 km) long, in the U.S. states of Colorado, Wyoming, and Nebraska. ... The Arkansas River flows through Colorado, Kansas, Oklahoma, and Arkansas. ... For individual mountains named Rocky Mountain, see Rocky Mountain (disambiguation). ... Miners at Pikes Peak The Colorado Gold Rush was the boom in the prospecting and mining of gold in present-day Colorado in the United States that began in 1859 (when the land was still in the Kansas Territory) and lasted throughout the early 1860s. ... The Homestead Act is a piece of U.S. legislation which gave one quarter of a section of a township (160 acres, or about 65 hectares) of undeveloped land in the American West to any family head provided he lived on it for five years, or allowed the family head... Native Americans (also Indians, Aboriginal Peoples, American Indians, First Nations, Alaskan Natives, Amerindians, or Indigenous Peoples of America) are the indigenous inhabitants of The Americas prior to the European colonization, and their modern descendants. ... Reserve can mean several things; 1. ... Sand Creek may refer to: Sand Creek, Wisconsin Sand Creek Massacre This is a disambiguation page — a navigational aid which lists other pages that might otherwise share the same title. ...

A good part of their co-nationals repudiated the treaty, declared the chiefs not empowered to sign, or bribed to sign, ignored the agreement, and became even more belligerent over the ‘whites’ encroaching on their hunting grounds. Tensions mounted when Colorado territorial governor John Evans in 1862 created a home guard of regiments of Colorado Volunteers returning from the Civil War and took a hard line against Indians accused of theft. After several minor incidents in what would later become to be designated as the Colorado War, in November 1864 a force of 800 troops of the Colorado home guard, after heavy drinking, attacked an encampment of Cheyenne and Arapaho at Sand Creek, murdering between 150 and 200 Indians, mostly elderly men, women and children. This Sand Creek Massacre or 'Massacre of Cheyenne Indians' lead to official hearings^[2] by the United States Congress Joint Committee on the Conduct of the War in March and April 1865. After the hearings, the Congress Joint Committee in their report on May 4, 1865, described the actions of Colonel John Chivington and his Volunteers as ‘foul, dastardly, brutal, cowardly’ and: John Evans may refer to: [[John Evans *John Evans (bishop), Bishop of Bangor from 1701 to 1715, later Bishop of Meath. ... Combatants United States of America (Union) Confederate States of America (Confederacy) Commanders Abraham Lincoln, Ulysses S. Grant Jefferson Davis, Robert E. Lee Strength 2,200,000 1,064,000 Casualties 110,000 killed in action, 360,000 total dead, 275,200 wounded 93,000 killed in action, 258,000 total... The Colorado War (1863â€“1865) was an armed conflict between the United States and a loose alliance among the Kiowa, Comanche, Arapaho, and Cheyenne tribes of Native Americans (the last two were particularly closely allied). ... Sand Creek may refer to: Sand Creek, Wisconsin Sand Creek Massacre This is a disambiguation page — a navigational aid which lists other pages that might otherwise share the same title. ... Combatants United States of America Cheyenne, Arapaho Commanders John M. Chivington Black Kettle Strength 800 soldiers 500, mostly elderly, women and children Casualties 15 killed, 50 wounded 150-184 killed The Sand Creek massacre (also known as the Chivington massacre or the Battle of Sand Creek) was an incident in... The Joint Committee on the Conduct of the War was a United States Congressional investigating committee created to handle issues surrounding the American Civil War. ... John Milton Chivington (January 27, 1821 â€“ October 4, 1892) was a 19th century United States Army officer noted for his role in the New Mexico Campaign of the American Civil War and in the Colorado War. ...

Nevertheless, justice was never served on those responsible for the massacre; and nonetheless, the continuation of this Colorado War lead to expulsion of the last Arapaho, Cheyenne, Kiowa and Comanche out of Colorado Territory into Oklahoma. This article is about the tribe. ... For other uses, see Comanche (disambiguation). ... For other uses, see Oklahoma (disambiguation). ...

The movement for statehood

Following the end of the American Civil War, a movement was made for statehood, and the United State Congress passed the Admission Act for the territory in late 1865, but it was vetoed by President Andrew Johnson. For the next eleven years, the movement for territorial admission was stalled, with several close calls. President Grant advocated statehood for the territory in 1870, but Congress did not act. 1865 (MDCCCLXV) is a common year starting on Sunday. ... For other persons of the same name, see Andrew Johnson (disambiguation). ... Ulysses S. Grant,[2] born Hiram Ulysses Grant (April 27, 1822 â€“ July 23, 1885), was an American general and the eighteenth President of the United States (1869â€“1877). ... 1870 (MDCCCLXX) was a common year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar (or a common year starting on Monday of the 12-day slower Julian calendar). ...

In the meantime, the territory found itself threatened by lack of railroads. By the late 1860s, many in Denver had sold their businesses and moved northward to the Dakota Territory communities of Laramie and Cheyenne, which had sprung up along the transcontinental railroad. Faced with the possible dwindling of the town and its eclipse by the new towns to the north, Denverites pooled their capital and built the Denver Pacific Railroad northward to Cheyenne to bring the rail network to Denver. The Kansas Pacific Railway was completed to Denver two months later. The move cemented the role of Denver as the future regional metropolis. The territory was finally admitted to the Union in 1876. This is the top-level page of WikiProject trains Rail tracks Rail transport refers to the land transport of passengers and goods along railways or railroads. ... // The First Transcontinental Railroad in the USA was built in the six year period between 1863 and 1869. ... Dakota Territory was the name of the northernmost part of the Louisiana Purchase of the United States. ... Laramie is a city in and the county seat of Albany County in the U.S. state of Wyoming. ... Nickname: Location in Wyoming Coordinates: , Country State County Laramie Founded 1867 Government - Mayor Jack R. Spiker Area - Total 21. ... Poster announcing railroads opening The First Transcontinental Railroad was a transcontinental railroad in North America that was finished in 1869. ... The Denver Pacific Railway was historic railroad that operated in the western United States in the late 19th century. ... The Kansas Pacific main line shown on an 1869 map. ...

Territorial Capitals

Three of Colorado's earliest communities had the honor of serving as capital of Colorado Territory:

Old Colorado City, formerly Colorado City, is a national historic district in the city of Colorado Springs. ... Downtown Golden, Colorado Golden, Colorado lies at the mouth of Clear Creek at the edge of the foothills of the Front Range. ... Denver redirects here. ...

Governmental Buildings

For much if not all of its existence the Colorado Territorial government did not actually own its houses of government, instead renting available buildings for governmental purposes. Today two buildings which served the Territorial government remain: the historic log building in Colorado City, and the Loveland Block in downtown Golden (housing the complete legislature, Territorial Library and possibly Supreme Court from 1866-67 with library remaining to 1868). Others which served include the original Loveland Building (1859-1933, 1107 Washington Avenue in Golden, housing the Territorial House from 1862-66); the Overland Hotel (1859-1910, 1117 Washington Avenue in Golden, housing the Territorial Council from 1862-66); and the Territorial Executive Building (unknown dates, approximately 14th and Arapahoe Streets in Golden, housing the executive branch of the government from 1866-67).

See also

Pikes Peak Country was the common name for what is now Colorado before the land was ever organized or widely settled. ... The Provisional Government of the Territory of Jefferson was an extralegal and unrecognized territory of the United States that existed from 1859-10-24, until the creation of the Territory of Colorado on 1861-02-28. ... These are historic regions of the United States, meaning regions that were legal entities in the past, or which the average modern American would no longer immediately recognize as a regional description. ...

External links

The University of Michigan, Ann Arbor (U of M, UM, U-M or simply Michigan) is a coeducational public research university in the state of Michigan. ...

References

^ An Act to provide a temporary Government for the Territory of Colorado (PDF). Thirty-sixth United States Congress (February 28, 1861). Retrieved on December 27, 2006.
^ United States Congress Joint Committee on the Conduct of the War, 1865 (testimonies and report). University of Michigan Digital Library Production Service. Retrieved on 2008-03-19.

	v • d • e State of Colorado Denver (capital)
Topics	Coloradans \| Economy \| Geography \| Highways \| History \| Images \| Law & Government \| Military \| Museums \| National Parks \| Rivers PDF is an abbreviation with several meanings: Portable Document Format Post-doctoral fellowship Probability density function There also is an electronic design automation company named PDF Solutions. ... Thirty Sixth Congress of the United States - 1859-61 Congressional Profile Total Membership, House of Representatives: 238 Representatives, 5 Delegates Total Membership, Senate: 64 (prior to admission of Oregon), 66 (after admission) Leadership Speaker of the House: William Pennington, Republican-New Jersey President of the Senate: John C. Breckinridge Senate... is the 59th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1861 (MDCCCLXI) was a common year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar (or a common year starting on Sunday of the 12-day slower Julian calendar). ... December 27 is the 361st day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (362nd in leap years). ... Year 2006 (MMVI) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ... 2008 (MMVIII) is the current year, a leap year that started on Tuesday of the Anno Domini (or common era), in accordance to the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 78th day of the year (79th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_Colorado. ... Federal courts Supreme Court Circuit Courts of Appeal District Courts Elections Presidential elections Midterm elections Political Parties Democratic Republican Third parties State & Local government Governors Legislatures (List) State Courts Local Government Other countries Atlas US Government Portal A U.S. state is any one of the fifty subnational entities of... Official language(s) English Capital Denver Largest city Denver Largest metro area Denver-Aurora Metro Area Area Ranked 8th - Total 104,185 sq mi (269,837 kmÂ²) - Width 280 miles (451 km) - Length 380 miles (612 km) - % water 0. ... Denver redirects here. ... Independence Hall in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, site of first U.S. capital. ... Colorado is located in the central western United States, or the Mountain Region. This is a list of people from the state of Colorado, whether they lived, were born, or were raised there. ... Signage used for Colorado SH. The top half is the flag of Colorado. ... In the history of Colorado, the first inhabitants of what was to become the State of Colorado were the American Indians. ... Colorado State Capitol in Denver Like the majority of the states, Colorados current constitution provides for three branches of government: the executive, legislative, and judicial branches. ... Areas in Colorado managed by the National Park Service include: // National parks Black Canyon of the Gunnison National Park near Montrose Mesa Verde National Parknear Cortez Rocky Mountain National Park at Estes Park Great Sand Dunes National Park and Preserve near Mosca National monuments Colorado National Monument at Fruita Dinosaur... The headwaters of the Arkansas River near Leadville. ...
Anthems	Where the Columbines Grow \| Rocky Mountain High An anthem is a composition to an English religious text sung in the context of an Anglican service. ... Where the Columbines Grow is the state song of Colorado. ... Rocky Mountain High is a folk-rock song written by John Denver and Mike Taylor about Colorado,and should be considered as Colorados Official state song, although lawmakers have yet to make this decision. ...
Regions	Central Colorado \| Colorado Piedmont \| Colorado Plateau \| Denver Metropolitan Area \| Eastern Plains \| Front Range \| Grand Valley \| High Rockies \| Mineral Belt \| Roaring Fork Valley \| Sangre de Cristo Mountains \| San Luis Valley \| South‑Central Colorado \| Southwestern Colorado \| Uinta Mountains \| Western Slope This list of regions of the United States includes official (governmental) and non-official areas within the borders of the United States, not including U.S. states, the federal district of Washington, D.C. or standard subentities such as cities or counties. ... Central Colorado is a region of the U.S. state of Colorado. ... The Colorado Piedmont is the geologic term for an area along the base of the foothills of the Front Range in north central Colorado in the United States. ... The Colorado Plateau, also called the Colorado Plateaus Province, is a physiographic region of the Intermontane Plateaus, roughly centered on the Four Corners region of the southwestern United States. ... The Denver Metropolitan Area (population 2,179,240 in 2000) has Denver, Colorado with a population of about 500,000 as its core. ... The Eastern Plains of Colorado refers to region of the U.S state of Colorado on the east side of the Rocky Mountains, and east of the population centers of the Front Range. ... The Front Range Urban Corridor is an oblong region of urban population located along the eastern face of the Southern Rocky Mountains in the U.S. states of Colorado and Wyoming. ... The Grand Valley is a extended populated agricultural valley, approximately 30 miles (48 km) long and 5 miles (8 km) wide, located along the Colorado River in Mesa County in western Colorado in the United States. ... The High Rockies is a term for a region of the U.S. state of Colorado. ... The Colorado Mineral Belt (CMB) is a broad area stretching north-east from the San Juan Mountains in Southwestern Colorado to the Front Range near Boulder, Colorado which is highly mineralized. ... The Roaring Fork Valley is a geographical region in western Colorado in the United States. ... The Sangre de Cristo Mountains are a mountain range of the Rocky Mountains located in northern New Mexico and southern Colorado in the United States. ... The Great Sand Dunes sit directly west of the Sangre de Cristo Range, which is featured in the background. ... South-Central Colorado is a region of the U.S. state of Colorado. ... Southwestern Colorado includes the following Colorado counties: Southwest Colorado counties Alamosa County Archuleta County Conejos County Dolores County Hinsdale County La Plata County Mineral County Montezuma County Montrose County Ouray County Rio Grande County Saguache County San Juan County San Miguel County Large cities/towns in Southwestern Colorado include: Alamosa... This view of Kings Peak and the Henrys Fork Basin shows the cliff bands and basins typical throughout the Uintas. ... The Western Slope of Colorado refers the region of the US state of Colorado west of the Rocky Mountains. ...
Municipalities	Alamosa \| Arvada \| Aspen \| Aurora \| Boulder \| Breckenridge \| Brighton \| Broomfield \| Cañon City \| Castle Rock \| Centennial \| Colorado Springs \| Commerce City \| Cortez \| Craig \| Delta \| Denver \| Durango \| Englewood \| Erie \| Evans \| Federal Heights \| Fort Collins \| Fort Morgan \| Fountain \| Golden \| Glenwood Springs \| Grand Junction \| Greeley \| Greenwood Village \| Gunnison \| Lafayette \| La Junta \| Lakewood \| Lamar \| Littleton \| Longmont \| Louisville \| Loveland \| Montrose \| Northglenn \| Parker \| Pueblo \| Salida \| Steamboat Springs \| Sterling \| Superior \| Thornton \| Trinidad \| Vail \| Westminster \| Wheat Ridge \| Windsor The 270 active municipalities of the State of Colorado operate under one of five types of municipal governing authority:[1][2] Consolidated City and County â€“ Only Denver and Broomfield have consolidated city and county governments: The City and County of Denver operates under Article XX, Section 4 of the Constitution... Alamosa is a city located in Alamosa County, Colorado. ... Arvada is a city in Jefferson and Adams County, Colorado and part of the Denver-Aurora Metropolitan Area. ... The City of Aspen is a Home Rule Municipality that is the most populous city and the county seat of Pitkin County, Colorado, United States. ... Nickname: Location in Arapahoe County and the state of Colorado Coordinates: , Country United States State Colorado Counties Arapahoe, Adams, Douglas[1] Founded 1891 Incorporated (town) May 5, 1903[2] Incorporated (city) 1929[3] Government - Type Home Rule Municipality[1] - Mayor Ed Tauer (R) Area - City 369. ... Boulder is a Home Rule Municipality that is the county seat and most populous city of Boulder County, Colorado, in the United States. ... Breckenridge is a town in Summit County, Colorado, United States. ... Brighton is a city located in Adams County, Colorado. ... The City and County of Broomfield lies in the northwestern tier of the Denver metropolitan area in the State of Colorado of the United States. ... â€œCanon Cityâ€ redirects here. ... The Town of Castle Rock is a home rule municipality that is the county seat of Douglas County, Colorado, United States. ... Coordinates: , Country United States State State of Colorado County Arapahoe County[1] Incorporated 2001 Government - Type Statutory City[1] - Mayor Randy Pye Area - Total 27. ... Colorado Springs is most populous Home Rule Municipality in the State of Colorado. ... The City of Commerce City is a home rule municipality located in Adams County, Colorado, United States. ... Cortez is a city in Montezuma County, Colorado (USA). ... Craig is a city located in Moffat County, Colorado. ... Delta is a city in Delta County, Colorado, United States. ... Denver redirects here. ... Downtown Durango, Colorado Durango (Navajo: KinÅ‚Ã¡nÃ) is a city in La Plata County, Colorado (USA). ... Englewood is a city in Arapahoe County, Colorado, USA. As of 2005, the city is estimated to have a total population of 32,350. ... Erie is a town located partly in Boulder County, Colorado and partly in Weld County, Colorado. ... Evans is a city located in Weld County, Colorado. ... Federal Heights is a city located in Adams County, Colorado. ... The City of Fort Collins, a home rule municipality situated on the Cache la Poudre River along the Colorado Front Range, is the county seat and most populous city in Larimer County, Colorado. ... Fort Morgan is a city located in Morgan County, Colorado. ... Fountain is a city located in El Paso County, Colorado. ... Downtown Golden, Colorado Golden, Colorado lies at the mouth of Clear Creek at the edge of the foothills of the Front Range. ... Grand Avenue, Glenwood Springs Hot Springs Pool at Glenwood Springs, Colorado Glenwood Springs view towards south as seen from Glenwood Caverns, Colorado Glenwood Springs is a city in Garfield County, Colorado, United States. ... Mt. ... The City of Greeley is a Home Rule Municipality located in Weld County, Colorado, United States. ... Greenwood Village is a city located in Arapahoe County, Colorado. ... Gunnison is a city located in Gunnison County, Colorado. ... Lafayette is a city in Boulder County, Colorado, United States. ... Santa Fe Railroad car at the La Junta Depot (Photo Â©2004 Wyvonne Phillips) La Junta is a city in Otero County, Colorado, United States. ... The City of Lakewood is a home rule municipality located in Jefferson County, Colorado, United States. ... Lamar is a city in Prowers County, Colorado, United States. ... Wikinews has related news: Interview with U.S. Republican Presidential candidate Tom Tancredo The City of Littleton is a Home Rule Municipality in Arapahoe County, Jefferson County, and Douglas County in the U.S. state of Colorado. ... The City of Longmont is a home rule municipality located in Boulder County and Weld County, Colorado, United States. ... Louisville (pronounced Lewisville) is a city in Boulder County, Colorado, United States. ... ... Montrose is a city in Montrose County, Colorado, United States. ... Northglenn is a city located in Adams County, Colorado. ... Parker is a town in Douglas County, Colorado that in recent years has become a exurban part of the Denver Metropolitan Area. ... The City of Pueblo (IPA: //) is a Home Rule Municipality that is the county seat of Pueblo County, Colorado, USA. Pueblo is situated at the confluence of the Arkansas River and Fountain Creek. ... Salida is a tweekey little city in Chaffee County, Colorado, United States. ... Steamboat Springs is a mix of older architecture and newer resort developments, especially near the ski resort on the eastern edge of town. ... Sterling is a city in Logan County, Colorado, United States. ... Superior is a town in Boulder County, Colorado. ... Thornton is a city located in Adams County, Colorado. ... Trinidad History Museum, housed in the Baca Bloom Mansion (Photo Â©2004 Wyvonne Phillips) The City of Trinidad is a Home Rule Municipality that is the county seat of Las Animas County, Colorado, United States. ... There are also Vail, Arizona and Vail, Iowa. ... Westminster is a city located in both Adams County, Colorado and Jefferson County, Colorado and is a suburb of the city of Denver. ... Wheat Ridge is a city in Jefferson County, Colorado, United States. ... The snow-capped peaks of the Front Range, visible from the bike path on Windsor Lake, just north of Main Street Windsor is a small town located in northern Colorado. ...
Counties	href="/encyclopedia/Adams-County%2C-Colorado" onmouseover="pv(event, 307)" onmouseout="unpv(307)" style="">Adams \| Alamosa \| Arapahoe \| Archuleta \| Baca \| Bent \| Boulder \| Broomfield \| Chaffee \| Cheyenne \| Clear Creek \| Conejos \| Costilla \| Crowley \| Custer \| Delta \| Denver \| Dolores \| Douglas \| Eagle \| El Paso \| Elbert \| Fremont \| Garfield \| Gilpin \| Grand \| Gunnison \| Hinsdale \| Huerfano \| Jackson \| Jefferson \| Kiowa \| Kit Carson \| La Plata \| Lake \| Larimer \| Las Animas \| Lincoln \| Logan \| Mesa \| Mineral \| Moffat \| Montezuma \| Montrose \| Morgan \| Otero \| Ouray \| Park \| Phillips \| Pitkin \| Prowers \| Pueblo \| Rio Blanco \| Rio Grande \| Routt \| Saguache \| San Juan \| San Miguel \| Sedgwick \| Summit \| Teller \| Washington \| Weld \| Yuma List of 64 counties in the U.S. state of Colorado: Colorado counties Adams County formed in 1902 from part of Arapahoe county. ... Adams County is the fifth most populous county of the State of Colorado. ... Alamosa County, Colorado Alamosa County is a county located in the U.S. state of Colorado. ... Arapahoe County, Colorado Arapahoe County is a county located in the U.S. state of Colorado. ... Archuleta County is a county located in the U.S. state of Colorado. ... Baca County, Colorado Baca County is a county located in the U.S. state of Colorado. ... Bent County is a county located in the U.S. state of Colorado. ... Boulder County is a county located in the U.S. state of Colorado. ... The City and County of Broomfield lies in the northwestern tier of the Denver metropolitan area in the State of Colorado of the United States. ... Chaffee County, Colorado Chaffee County is a county located in the U.S. state of Colorado. ... Cheyenne County, Colorado Cheyenne County is a county located in the U.S. state of Colorado. ... Clear Creek County is a county located in the U.S. state of Colorado. ... Conejos County is a county located in the U.S. state of Colorado. ... Costilla County is a county located in the U.S. state of Colorado. ... Crowley County is a county located in the U.S. state of Colorado. ... Custer County is a county located in the U.S. state of Colorado. ... Delta County is a county located in the U.S. state of Colorado. ... Denver redirects here. ... Dolores County is a county located in the U.S. state of Colorado. ... Douglas County is the eighth most populous of the 64 counties of the State of Colorado of the United States. ... Eagle County is a county located in the U.S. state of Colorado. ... El Paso County is a county located in the U.S. state of Colorado. ... Elbert County is a county located in the U.S. state of Colorado. ... Fremont County is a county located in the U.S. state of Colorado. ... Garfield County is a county located in the U.S. state of Colorado. ... Gilpin County is a county located in the U.S. state of Colorado. ... Grand County is the 21st most extensive of the 64 counties of the State of Colorado of the United States. ... Gunnison County is a county located in the U.S. state of Colorado. ... Hinsdale County is a county located in the U.S. state of Colorado. ... Huerfano County is a county located in the U.S. state of Colorado. ... Jackson County is a county located in the U.S. state of Colorado. ... Jefferson County (IPA: //) is the fourth most populous of the 64 counties of the State of Colorado of the United States. ... Kiowa County is a county located in the U.S. state of Colorado. ... Kit Carson County is a county located in the U.S. state of Colorado. ... La Plata County is a county located in the U.S. state of Colorado. ... Lake County is a county located in the U.S. state of Colorado. ... Larimer County is a county located in the U.S. state of Colorado. ... Las Animas County is a county located in the U.S. state of Colorado. ... Lincoln County is a county located in the U.S. state of Colorado. ... Logan County is a county located in the U.S. state of Colorado. ... Mesa County is a county located in the U.S. state of Colorado. ... Mineral County is a county located in the U.S. state of Colorado. ... Moffat County is a county located in the U.S. state of Colorado. ... Montezuma County is a county located in the southwest corner of the U.S. state of Colorado. ... Montrose County is a county located in the U.S. state of Colorado. ... Morgan County is a county located in the U.S. state of Colorado. ... Otero County is a county located in the U.S. state of Colorado. ... Ouray County is a county located in the U.S. state of Colorado. ... Park County is a county located in the U.S. state of Colorado. ... Phillips County is a county located in the U.S. state of Colorado. ... Pitkin County is a county in the U.S. state of Colorado. ... Prowers County is a county located in the U.S. state of Colorado. ... Pueblo County is a county located in the U.S. state of Colorado. ... Rio Blanco County is a county located in the U.S. state of Colorado. ... Rio Grande County is a county located in the U.S. state of Colorado. ... Routt County is a county located in the U.S. state of Colorado. ... Saguache County is a county located in the U.S. state of Colorado. ... San Juan County is a county located in the U.S. state of Colorado. ... San Miguel County is a county located in the U.S. state of Colorado. ... Sedgwick County is a county located in the U.S. state of Colorado. ... Summit County is a county located in the U.S. state of Colorado. ... Teller County is a county located in the U.S. state of Colorado. ... Washington County is a county located in the U.S. state of Colorado. ... Weld County is the third most extensive and the ninth most populous of the 64 counties of the State of Colorado of the United States. ... Yuma County is a county located in the U.S. state of Colorado. ...

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