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Columbia (also known as Nuna and, more recently, Hudsonland or Hudsonia) is the name of one of the Earth's earliest supercontinents, which existed approximately 1.8 to 1.5 billion years ago in the Paleoproterozoic Era. It consisted of the proto-cratons that made up the former continents of Laurentia, Baltica, Ukraine, Amazonia, Australia, and possibly Siberia, North China and Kalahari as well. The existence of Columbia is based upon paleomagnetic data.[1] In geology, a supercontinent is a land mass comprising more than one continental core, or craton. ...
The Paleoproterozoic is the first of the three sub-divisions of the Proterozoic occurring between 2500 to 1600 million years ago. ...
A geologic era is a subdivision of geologic time that is a separate classification that divides the Phanerozoic Eon into three parts timeframes. ...
A craton is an old and stable part of the continental crust that has survived the merging and splitting of continents and supercontinents for at least 500 million years. ...
North American craton. ...
Baltica is the craton beneath northwestern Eurasia. ...
A river in the Amazon rainforest The Amazon is a rainforest in South America. ...
Siberian Federal District (dark red) and the broadest definition of Siberia (red) Siberia (Russian: , Sibir’; Tatar: Seber) is a vast region of Russia and northern Kazakhstan constituting almost all of Northern Asia. ...
Northern Peoples Republic of China region. ...
The Kalahari Desert is a large, arid to semi-arid sandy area in southern Africa that covers about 500,000 km². It covers 70% of Botswana, and parts of Zimbabwe, Namibia and South Africa. ...
Paleomagnetism refers to the orientation of the Earths magnetic field as it is preserved in various magnetic iron bearing minerals throughout time. ...
Columbia is estimated to have been about 12,900 kilometres (8,000 miles) from North to South, and about 4,800 km (3,000 miles) across at its widest part. The east coast of India was attached to western North America, with southern Australia against western Canada. Most of South America rotated so that the western edge of modern-day Brazil lined up with eastern North America, forming a continental margin that extended into the southern edge of Scandinavia.[2] km redirects here. ...
A mile is the name of a unit of length, usually used to measure distance, in a number of different systems, including English units, Imperial units, and United States customary units. ...
World map showing North America A satellite composite image of North America. ...
South America South America is a continent crossed by the equator, with most of its area in the Southern Hemisphere. ...
World map showing North America A satellite composite image of North America. ...
Scandinavia is a region in Northern Europe named after the Scandinavian Peninsula. ...
Columbia began to break apart 1.5 billion years ago, the rifts from which have been found in the western United States and India.[3] The rifted fragments formed the supercontinent Rodinia about 500 million years later. If you have been redirected here after viewing any statistical information, note that as defined by the Census Bureau, the western United States includes 13 states: Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, New Mexico, Nevada, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming. ...
Depiction of Rodinia at time of initial breakup. ...
See also
Bridge across the Ãlfagjá rift valley in southwest Iceland, the boundary of the Eurasian and North American continental tectonic plates. ...
The Supercontinent Cycle describes the quasi-periodic aggregration and dispersal of Earths continental crust. ...
Pangaea Laurasia Gondwana Rodinia Euramerica Pannotia Gondwana Laurasia Nena Possible Future Supercontinents: Pangea Ultima Amasia ‹The template below has been proposed for deletion. ...
References - ^ Pesonen, Lauri J., J. Salminen , F. Donadini and S. Mertanen (November 2004). "Paleomagnetic Configuration of Continents During the Proterozoic" (PDF). Retrieved on 2006-03-11.
- ^ "New Supercontinent Dubbed Columbia Once Ruled Earth", SpaceDaily, 2002-04-18. Retrieved on 2006-03-11.
- ^ Whitehouse, David, "Ancient supercontinent proposed", BBC, 2002-04-25. Retrieved on 2006-03-11.
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