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Encyclopedia > Combined gas law

The ideal gas law or equation is the equation of state of an ideal gas. It combines the three primitive gas laws derived from early physics researchers. Although roughly accurate for gases at low pressures and high temperatures, it becomes increasingly inaccurate at higher pressures and lower temperatures. The equation has the form: In physics and thermodynamics, an equation of state is a constitutive equation describing the state of matter under a given set of physical conditions. ... An ideal gas or perfect gas is a hypothetical gas consisting of identical particles of negligible volume, undergoing perfectly elastic collisions, with no intermolecular forces and no intramolecular storage of energy. ... The gas laws are a set of laws that describe the relationship between absolute temperature (T), pressure (P) and volume (V) of gases. ... When stuff moves. ...

where P is the pressure of an ideal gas, R is its molar mass, T is its temperature and is its molar volume. Pressure is the application of force to a surface, and the concentration of that force in a given area. ... An ideal gas or perfect gas is a hypothetical gas consisting of identical particles of negligible volume, undergoing perfectly elastic collisions, with no intermolecular forces and no intramolecular storage of energy. ... Temperature is the physical property of a system which underlies the common notions of hot and cold; the material with the higher temperature is said to be hotter. ... In chemistry, the molar volume of a substance is the ratio of the volume of a sample of that substance to the amount of substance (usually in mole) in the sample. ...

Some isotherms of an ideal gas (i.e. the relation between pressure P and volume V at fixed temperature T; plotted for a set of temperatures, with increasing T from lower to upper curve)
Some isotherms of an ideal gas (i.e. the relation between pressure P and volume V at fixed temperature T; plotted for a set of temperatures, with increasing T from lower to upper curve)

Using statistical mechanics, the ideal gas law can be derived by assuming that a gas is composed of a large number of small molecules, with no attractive or repulsive forces. In reality, gas molecules do interact with attractive and repulsive forces. In fact it is these forces that result in the formation of liquids. Isotherms of an ideal gas in pressure (p) vs. ... Isotherms of an ideal gas in pressure (p) vs. ... An isotherm is a line of equal or constant temperature on a graph, plot, or map; an isopleth of temperature. ... Pressure is the application of force to a surface, and the concentration of that force in a given area. ... Volume (also called capacity) is a quantification of how much space an object occupies. ... Temperature is the physical property of a system which underlies the common notions of hot and cold; the material with the higher temperature is said to be hotter. ... Statistical mechanics is the application of statistics, which includes mathematical tools for dealing with large populations, to the field of mechanics, which is concerned with the motion of particles or objects when subjected to a force. ...


The ideal gas law is often used as a very rough approximation in science and engineering calculations for the behavior of a real diffuse gas. Though often highly inaccurate, the equation is very simple, making it easy to obtain straightforward solutions to a number of physics and engineering problems that otherwise would require complicated numerical methods of computation. More complicated equations of state, such as the Peng-Robinson or Van der Waals equation, are significantly more accurate, however, they are cubic equations which, when solved, may result in multiple roots. The existence of multiple roots is necessary in order for the equation of state to predict the existence of multiple phases, such as the gas and liquid phase. Because the ideal gas law is not cubic, however, it fails to predict condensation from a gas to a liquid. // What is science? There are different theories of what science is. ... Licensure and Qualifications for the Practice of Engineering The Engineers Ring The origin of then Engineers Ring Engineering Disasters and Learning from Failure American Society of Engineering Education (ASEE) ASEE engineering profile (2003) PDF EngineersEdge GlobalSpec Categories: Architecture and engineering occupations | Engineering ... In physics and thermodynamics, an equation of state is a constitutive equation describing the state of matter under a given set of physical conditions. ... The title given to this article is incorrect due to technical limitations. ... Graph of a cubic polynomial: y = x3/5 + 4x2/5 - 7x/5 - 2 = 1/5 (x+5)(x+1)(x-2) In mathematics, a cubic equation is a polynomial equation in which the highest occurring power of the unknown is the third power. ... Phase, from the Greek phasis, meaning appearance, has a number of related meanings in English. ... Gas (actually, as), the GNU assembler, is the default GCC back-end. ... A liquid will assume the shape of its container. ...


See also


  Results from FactBites:
 
Boyle's law - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia (484 words)
Boyle's law (sometimes known as the Boyle Mariotte law) is one of the gas laws.
Boyle's Law states that the product of the volume and pressure of a fixed quantity of an ideal gas is constant, given constant temperature.
Boyle's law is commonly used to predict the result of introducing a change, in volume and pressure only, to the initial state of a fixed quantity of gas.
Gas laws - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia (312 words)
The gas laws are a set of laws that describe the relationship between thermodynamic temperature (T), pressure (P) and volume (V) of gases.
R is the ideal gas constant (8.31 J/mol K) is the temperature in kelvins.
The kinetic theory of gases, Graham's law of effusion and root mean square velocity all explain how individual molecules in a gas act and their relation to pressure, volume, and temperature.
  More results at FactBites »


 

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