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A comic book or comicbook is a magazine or book containing sequential art in the form of a narrative. Comic books are often called comics for short. Although the term implies otherwise, the subject matter in comic books is not necessarily humorous, and in fact its dramatic seriousness varies widely. The term "comics" in this context does not refer to comic strips (such as Peanuts or Dilbert). In the last quarter of the 20th century, greater acceptance of the comics form among the general reading populace coincided with a greater usage of the term graphic novel, often meant to differentiate a book of comics with a spine from its stapled, pamphlet form, but the difference between the terms seems fuzzy at best as comics become more widespread in libraries, mainstream bookstores, and other places. A collection of magazines A magazine is a periodical publication containing a variety of articles, generally financed by advertising and/or purchase by readers. ...
Look up book in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ...
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In non-technical terms, no matter what the context (whether scientific, philosophical, legal, etc) a narrative is a story, an interpretation of some aspect of the world that is historically and culturally grounded and shaped by human personality (per Walter Fisher). ...
Comics (or, less common, [visual]] art consisting of images which are commonly combined with text, often in the form of speech balloons or image captions. ...
This article is about the comic strip, the sequential art form as published in newspapers and on the Internet. ...
Charlie Brown is the principal character of the Peanuts comic strip Peanuts was a syndicated daily comic strip written and drawn by American cartoonist Charles M. Schulz, which ran from 2 October 1950 to 13 February 2000. ...
Thriving on Vague Objectives, the latest Dilbert book Dilbert animated series, episode 212 Dilbert is a popular American comic strip. ...
A graphic novel (GN) is a long-form comic book, usually with lengthy and complex storylines, and often aimed at more mature audiences. ...
Some of the earliest comic books were simply collections of comic strips that had originally been printed in newspapers, and it was the commercial success of these collections led to work being created specifically for the comic-book form, which fostered specific conventions such as splash pages. Long-form comic books, generally with hardcover or trade-paper binding came to be known as graphic novels, but as noted above, the term's definition is especially fluid. Like jazz and a handful of other cultural artifacts, comic books are a rare indigenous American art form, [1] [2] though prototypical examples of the form exist. The vocabulary of comics consists of the many different techniques and images which comics artists will employ in order to convey a narrative within the medium of comics. ...
A graphic novel (GN) is a long-form comic book, usually with lengthy and complex storylines, and often aimed at more mature audiences. ...
Jazz is an original American musical art form originating around the early 1920s in New Orleans, rooted in Western music technique and theory, and is marked by the profound cultural contributions of African Americans. ...
American comic books have become closely associated with the superhero sub-genre. In the U.K., the term comic book is used to refer to American comic books by their readers and collectors, while the general populace would mainly consider a comic book a hardcover book collecting comics stories. The analogous term in the United Kingdom is a comic, short for comic paper or comic magazine. An American comic book is a small magazine containing a narrative in the comics form. ...
Superman and Batman, two of the most recognizable and iconic superheroes. ...
A genre is any of the traditional divisions of art forms from a single field of activity into various kinds according to criteria particular to that form. ...
Cover to 27 December 1884 edition of Ally Slopers Half Holiday A British comic is a periodical published in the United Kingdom which contains comic strips. ...
The comics of Europe
Franco-Belgian comics - Main article: Franco-Belgian comics
Belgium and France are two countries that have a long tradition in comics and comic books, where they are called BDs (from Bande Dessinée) in French. Belgian comic books originally written in Dutch are influenced by the francophone "Franco-Belgian" comics, but have a different feel. Tintin, one of the most famous Belgian comics Franco-Belgian comics are comics written in Belgium and France. ...
La bande dessinée is derived from the original description of the artform as "drawn strips". It is not insignificant that the French term contains no indication of subject matter, unlike the American terms "comics" and "funnies," which imply an art form not to be taken seriously. Indeed, the distinction of comics as the "ninth art" is prevalent in Francophone scholarship on the form (le neuvième art), as is the concept of comics criticism and scholarship itself. Relative to the respective size of their countries, the innumerable authors in the region publish huge numbers of comic books. In North America, the more serious Franco-Belgian comics are often seen as equivalent to graphic novels, for various reasons, but whether they are long or short, bound or in magazine format, in Europe there is no need for a more sophisticated term, as the art's name does not itself imply something frivolous. World map showing North America A satellite composite image of North America. ...
A graphic novel (GN) is a long-form comic book, usually with lengthy and complex storylines, and often aimed at more mature audiences. ...
Europe is conventionally considered one of the seven continents of Earth which, in this case, is more a cultural and political distinction than a physiographic one, leading to various perspectives about Europes borders. ...
In France, most comics are published at the behest of the author, who will work within his self-appointed time frame, so a wait from six months to two years between installments is common. Most books are first published as a hard cover oversized book, usually 48 or 64 pages, with later re-releases in soft cover.
The British comic - Main article: British comic
Originally the same size as the comic book in the United States, although lacking the glossy cover, the British comic has adopted a magazine size, with The Beano and The Dandy the last to adopt this size in the 1980s. Although generally referred to as a comic, it can also be referred to as a comic magazine, and has also been known historically as a comic paper. Some comics, such as Judge Dredd and other 2000 AD titles, have been published in a tabloid form known as a "programme", or "prog" for short. Cover to 27 December 1884 edition of Ally Slopers Half Holiday A British comic is a periodical published in the United Kingdom which contains comic strips. ...
This article is about the comic. ...
The Dandy is a British childrens comic published by D. C. Thomson & Co. ...
Luna 1 Justice Department=hiddenStructure style=vertical-align: top; This article is about the comic-book character Judge Dredd. ...
2000 AD logo 2000 AD is a weekly British science fiction oriented comic. ...
Newspaper sizes in August 2005. ...
Although Ally Sloper's Half Holiday (1884), the first comic published in Britain, was marketed at adults, publishers quickly targeted a younger market, which has led to most publications being for children and created an association in the public's mind of comics being somewhat juvenile. Ally Slopers Half Holiday is a British comic, first published on 3 May 1884. ...
Popular titles within the United Kingdom have included The Beano, The Dandy, The Eagle, 2000 AD and Viz. Underground comics and "small press" titles have also been published within the United Kingdom, notably Oz and Escape Magazine. This article is about the comic. ...
The Dandy is a British childrens comic published by D. C. Thomson & Co. ...
Logo of the 1950s Eagle The Eagle was a British weekly comic, which ran in two main volumes over the period of 1950 to 1994 (with accompanying annuals). ...
2000 AD logo 2000 AD is a weekly British science fiction oriented comic. ...
Cover of Viz (issue 57) Viz is a popular British adult spoof comic magazine. ...
The Dun Emer Press in 1903 with Elizabeth Yeats working the hand press Small press is a term often used to describe publishers who typically specialize in genre fiction, or limited edition books or magazines. ...
Oz Number 3 Oz was a satirical humour magazine first published between 1963–69 in Sydney, Australia and, in its second and more famous incarnation, from 1967 to 1973 in London, England. ...
The cover to Escape Magazine issue 3. ...
The content of Action, another title aimed at children and launched in the mid 1970s became the subject of discussion in the House of Commons, and although this was on a smaller scale to such similar investigations in the United States, it also led to a moderation of content published within comics, although such moderation was never formalised to the extent of a creation of any code, and nor was it particularly lasting. The cover of Action#1. ...
British House of Commons Canadian House of Commons In some bicameral parliaments of a Westminster System, the House of Commons has historically been the name of the elected lower house. ...
The United Kingdom has also established a healthy market in the reprinting and repackaging of material, notably material originated within the United States. The lack of reliable supplies of American comic books led to a variety of black and white reprints, including Marvel's 1950s monster comics, Fawcett's Captain Marvel, and some other characters such as Sheena, Mandrake the Magician and the Phantom. Several reprint companies were involved in repackaging American material for the British market, notably the importer and distributor Thorpe & Porter. American comic books are typically small magazines containing fictional stories in the artistic medium of comics. ...
Captain Marvel is a comic book superhero, originally published by Fawcett Comics and now owned by DC Comics. ...
Sheena, Queen of the Jungle #18 (Winter 1952-53). ...
Mandrake the Magician is a U.S. comic strip created in 1934 by Lee Falk (also creator of The Phantom) and mainly appearing in syndication in newspapers. ...
The Phantom is a comic strip created by Lee Falk (also creator of Mandrake the Magician), recounting the adventures of a costumed crime-fighter called the Phantom. ...
Marvel eventually established a UK office, with DC Comics and Dark Horse Comics also opening offices for periods in the 1990s. The repackaging of European material has been less frequent, although the Tintin and Asterix serials have been successfully translated and repackaged in soft cover books. DC Comics is one of the largest American companies in comic book and related media publishing. ...
Dark Horse Comics is an American comic book publisher, one of the largest independent publishers behind dominant publishers Marvel Comics and DC Comics. ...
Tintin and Snowy (Tintin et Milou) are world travellers and inseparable friends in The Adventures of Tintin. ...
A shrewd, cunning little warrior; all perilous missions are immediately entrusted to him. ...
The comic annual - At Christmas time publishers will repackage and commission material for comic annuals, hardback A4 books. DC Thomson also repackage The Broons and Oor Wullie strips in softcover A4 books for the festive season.
- More recently, The Annual issue has become it’s own, original story; also becoming an event. DC comics has used the annual issue of their titles to played a theme as well as introduce new characters to their public (how Garth Ennis's character Hitman was created).
Christmas (literally, the Mass of Christ) is a traditional holiday celebrating the birth of Jesus with both religious and secular aspects, commonly observed on 25 December. ...
An annual publication, more often called simply an annual, is a book or a magazine, comic book or comic strip published yearly. ...
D. C. Thomson & Co. ...
The Broons is a comic strip within The Sunday Post, which is printed by D. C. Thomson & Co. ...
Oor Wullie cover Oor Wullie is a comic strip, set in Scotland, in the D. C. Thomson & Co. ...
DC Comics is one of the largest American companies in comic book and related media publishing. ...
Garth Ennis Garth Ennis (born January 16, 1970 in Holywood, Northern Ireland) is a Northern Irish comics writer, best known for the DC/Vertigo series Preacher, co-created with artist Steve Dillon. ...
Hitman is a violent, darkly humorous and occasionally romantic comic book from DC Comics, written by Garth Ennis and illustrated by John McCrea. ...
Italian comics - Main article: Italian comics
In Italy, comics (known as fumetti) made their debut as humouristic strips at the end of the 19th century, and later evolved in adventure stories inspired by those coming from the U.S. After World War II, however, artists like Hugo Pratt and Guido Crepax imposed Italian comics to an international audience. "Author" comics contain often strong erotic contents. Best sellers remain popular comic books Diabolik or the Bonelli line, namely Tex Willer or Dylan Dog. Italian comics are comics made in Italy. ...
Combatants Allies: Poland, British Commonwealth, France/Free France, Soviet Union, United States, China, and others Axis Powers: Germany, Italy, Japan, and others Casualties Military dead: 17 million Civilian dead: 33 million Total dead: 50 million Military dead: 8 million Civilian dead: 4 million Total dead: 12 million World War II...
Hugo Pratt Hugo Pratt (June 15, 1927, Rimini, Italy - August 20, 1995, Grandvaux, near Lausanne, Switzerland,) was an Italian comic book creator who combined his strong storytelling talent with extensive historical research on Corto Maltese and his other series. ...
Guido Crepax Guido Crepax (born Guido Crepas, Milan, July 15, 1933-July 31, 2003) was an Italian comics artist, who deeply influenced the European adult comics world in the second half of 20th century. ...
Diabolik portrayed on a newspaper announcing his radio adaptation Diabolik is a fictional character, an anti-hero featured in Italian comics. ...
Tex Willer is a character in an Italian comic created in 1948 by Gian Luigi Bonelli and Aurelio Galepini. ...
A Dylan Dog cover Dylan Dog is a comic book character created by Tiziano Sclavi for the Italian publishing house Sergio Bonelli Editore, or, in English, Bonelli Comics. ...
Mainstream comics are usually published on a monthly basis, in a black and white digest size format, with about 100-132 pages of story. Collections of classic material for the most famous characters, usually with over 200 pages, are also common. Author comics are published in the French BD format, with an example being Pratt's Corto Maltese. Corto Maltese Corto Maltese is a fictional character, a sailor-adventurer created by Italian comic book creator Hugo Pratt. ...
Italian cartoonists have and receive great influences from other countries including Belgium, France, Spain and Argentina. Italy is also famous for being one of the foremost producers of Walt Disney comic stories, particularly. Donald Duck's superhero alter ego, Paperinik, known in English as Superduck, was created in Italy. For the company founded by Disney, see The Walt Disney Company. ...
Paperinik (also known as Duck Avenger, Superduck, PK, and Phantom Duck) is Donald Ducks superhero alter ego. ...
Other European comics Although Switzerland contributes less to the body of work, it is significant that many scholars point to a Francophone Swiss, Rodolphe Töpffer, as the true father of comics. This choice is still controversial, with critics feeling that Töppfer's work is perhaps somewhat unconnected to the genesis of the artform as it is now known in the region. Rodolphe Töpffer (January 31, 1799 - June 8, 1846) was a Swiss teacher, author, painter, cartoonist, and caricature artist. ...
The comic book in Japan - Main article: Manga
Comic books in Japan developed from a mixture of ukiyo-e and Western styles of drawing, taking their current form shortly after World War II. They are generally published in black and white, except for the covers and, on occasion, the first few pages. The term manga means "random (or whimsical) pictures", and first came into common usage in the late 18th century with the publication of such works as Santo Kyoden's picturebook "Shiji no yukikai" (1798) and Aikawa Minwa’s "Comic Sketches of a Hundred Women" (1798). For other uses, see Manga (disambiguation). ...
Ukiyo-e (Kanji 浮世絵, meaning pictures of the floating world) is the general term for a genre of Japanese woodblock prints produced between the 17th and the 20th century, featuring motifs of landscapes, the theater and pleasure quarters. ...
Combatants Allies: Poland, British Commonwealth, France/Free France, Soviet Union, United States, China, and others Axis Powers: Germany, Italy, Japan, and others Casualties Military dead: 17 million Civilian dead: 33 million Total dead: 50 million Military dead: 8 million Civilian dead: 4 million Total dead: 12 million World War II...
Development of this form occurred as a result of Japan's attempts to modernise, itself a desire awakened by trade with the United States. Western artists were brought over to teach their students such concepts as line, form and colour, things which had not been conceptually important in ukiyo-e, as the idea behind the picture was of primary artistic importance. Manga at this period was referred to as Ponchi-e (Punch-picture) and, like its British counterpart Punch magazine, mainly depicted humour and political satire in short 1 or 4 picture format. Punch was a British weekly magazine of humour and satire published from 1841 to 1992 and from 1996 to 2002. ...
This form was further developed by Dr. Osamu Tezuka, widely acknowledged to be the father of story-based manga. Tezuka was inspired by a war propaganda animation film, Momotarou Uminokaihei to become a comic artist. Tezuka introduced film-like story telling and character in comic format in which each short-film like episode is part of larger story arc. The only text in Tezuka's comics was the characters' dialogue and this lent the comics a cinematic quality. Tezuka also adopted Disney-like facial features where a character's eyes, mouth, eyebrows and nose are drawn in a very exaggerated manner to add more distinct characterisation with fewer lines which made his prolific output possible, somewhat reviving the old ukiyo-e like tradition where the picture is a projection of an idea rather than actual physical reality. Osamu Tezuka and his creations commemorated on two stamps Dr. Osamu Tezuka (手塚 治虫 Tezuka Osamu, November 3, 1928 - February 9, 1989) was a Japanese manga artist and animator born in Osaka Prefecture. ...
Combatants Allies: Poland, British Commonwealth, France/Free France, Soviet Union, United States, China, and others Axis Powers: Germany, Italy, Japan, and others Casualties Military dead: 17 million Civilian dead: 33 million Total dead: 50 million Military dead: 8 million Civilian dead: 4 million Total dead: 12 million World War II...
It has been suggested that Propaganda in the United States be merged into this article or section. ...
12 frames per second is the typical rate for an animated cartoon. ...
Bisque doll of MomotarŠMomotarŠ(桃太郎) is a hero from Japanese folklore. ...
Sales and format Though roughly equivalent to the American comic book, manga has historically held a more important place in Japanese culture. In economic terms, the weekly sales of comics in Japan amount to a greater sum than that of the entire annual output of the American comic industry. Manga is both well respected as an art form, and also as a form of popular literature, although it has not yet reached acceptance as a "higher" art genre like film or music. Like its American counterpart, some manga has been criticized for being violent and sexual, although in the absence of official or industry restrictions on content artists have been free to create manga for every age group and for every topic. An American comic book is a small magazine containing a narrative in the comics form. ...
Manga magazines usually have many series running concurrently with approximately 20–40 pages allocated to each series per issue. These manga magazines, or "anthology magazines", as they are also known (colloquially "phone books"), are usually printed on low-quality newsprint and can be anywhere from 200 to more than 850 pages long. Manga magazines also contain one-shot comics and various four-panel yonkoma (equivalent to comic strips). Manga series can run for many years if they are successful, with the stories typically collected together and printed in dedicated book-sized volumes called tankōbon, the equivalent of American comic's trade paperbacks. These volumes use higher-quality paper, and are useful to those who want to "catch up" with a series so they can follow it in the magazines or if they find the cost of the weeklies or monthlies to be prohibitive. Recently, "deluxe" versions have also been printed as readers have gotten older and the need for something special grew. Old manga have also been reprinted using somewhat lesser quality paper and sold for 100 yen (approximately one US Dollar) each to compete with the used book market. In telephony, a telephone directory is a listing of telephone subscribers in a geographical area or subscribers to services provided by the organisation that publishes the directory. ...
One Shot is a high powered action film that is produced in Sri Lanka with the highest expense. ...
Yonkoma manga (4コマ漫画, four cell manga), or 4-koma for short, is a Japanese comic strip format which consists of gags within four cells. ...
This article is about the comic strip, the sequential art form as published in newspapers and on the Internet. ...
TankÅbon (å˜è¡Œæœ¬) is the Japanese term for a compilation volume of a particular series (such as a manga or a novel series), as opposed to a magazine or a complete works series which often contain multiple titles. ...
In comics, a trade paperback (TPB) specifically refers to the periodic collections, published in book format, of stories published in comic books, usually capturing one story arc in the series. ...
Japanese 10 yen coin (obverse) showing Phoenix Hall of Byodoin Yen is the currency used in Japan. ...
Manga are primarily classified by the age and gender of the target audience. In particular, books and magazines sold to boys (shōnen) and girls (shōjo) have distinctive cover art and are placed on different shelves in most bookstores. ShÅnen or shounen (å°‘å¹´) is a Japanese word usually translated as young boy, although it is commonly used to refer to males of up to high-school age as well. ...
ShÅjo or shoujo (少女 lit. ...
The comic book in the United States of America - Main article: American comic book
Since the formulation of the comic book format in the 1930s, the United States has been the leading producer, with only the British comic (during the inter-war period through the 1970s) and Japanese manga as close competitors in terms of quantity of titles (although, Japan outweighs America currently in overall sales by a vast margin). The majority of all comic books in the U.S. are marketed at younger teenagers, though the market also produces work for general as well as more mature audiences. An American comic book is a small magazine containing a narrative in the comics form. ...
Cover to 27 December 1884 edition of Ally Slopers Half Holiday A British comic is a periodical published in the United Kingdom which contains comic strips. ...
For other uses, see Manga (disambiguation). ...
The history of the comic book in the United States is split into several ages or historical eras: The Platinum Age, The Golden Age, The Silver Age, The Bronze Age, and The Modern Age. The exact boundaries of these eras, the terms for which originated in fandom press, is a debatable point among comic book historians. The Golden Age is generally thought as lasting from 1938's introduction of Superman until the early 1950s, during which comic books enjoyed a surge of popularity, the archetype of the superhero was invented and defined, and many of comic books' most popular superheroes debuted. The Platinum Age refers to any material produced prior to this. While comics as an artform could arguably extend as far back as sequential cave paintings from thousands of years ago, comic books are dependent on printing, and the starting point for them in book form is generally considered to be the tabloid-sized The Funnies begun in 1929, or the more traditional sized Funnies on Parade from 1933. Both of these were simply reprints of newspaper strips. To meet Wikipedias quality standards, this article or section may require cleanup. ...
Superman, the catalyst of the Golden Age, from Superman #14, January-February 1942. ...
Showcase #4 (Oct. ...
Wolverine, a member of the X-Men, a popular franchise in the Modern Age, and an anti-hero, a popular character type The Modern Age of Comic Books is an informal name for the period of American comic books generally considered to last from the mid-1970s until present day. ...
Fandom (from the noun fan and the affix -dom, as in kingdom, dukedom, etc. ...
This article is concerned with the production of books, magazines, and other literary material (whether in printed or electronic formats). ...
Superman is a fictional character and superhero of DC Comics who first appeared in Action Comics #1 in 1938 and is considered the first character to embody the particular combination of traits that characterize the modern superhero. ...
Comics (or, less common, [visual]] art consisting of images which are commonly combined with text, often in the form of speech balloons or image captions. ...
The Silver Age of Comic Books is generally considered to date from the first successful revival of the dormant superhero form — the debut of the Barry Allen Flash in Showcase #4 (Sept.-Oct. 1956) — and last through the early 1970s, during which time Marvel Comics revolutionized the medium with such naturalistic superheroes as the Fantastic Four and Spider-Man. The beginings of the Bronze and Modern ages are far more disputable. Indeed, some suggest that we are still in the Bronze Age. Starting points that have been suggested for the Bronze Age of comics are Conan #1 (Oct. 1970), Green Lantern/Green Arrow #76 (Apr. 1970) or Amazing Spider-Man #96 (May 1971) (the non-Comics Code issue). The start of the Modern Age (occasionally referred to as the Copper Age) has even more potential starting points, but is most likely the publication of Alan Moore's Watchmen in 1986. Barry Allen as the Flash. ...
Showcase #4 (September-October 1956, the first appearance of the Silver Age Flash. ...
It has been suggested that Felicia (pseudonym) be merged into this article or section. ...
For other meanings see Naturalism. ...
The Fantastic Four is Marvel Comics flagship superhero team, created by Stan Lee and Jack Kirby and debuting in The Fantastic Four #1 (Nov. ...
Spider-Man swinging around his hometown, New York City. ...
Conan the Barbarian (also known as Conan the Cimmerian, from the name of his homeland, Cimmeria) is a literary character created by Robert E. Howard in a series of fantasy pulp stories published in Weird Tales in the 1930s. ...
Cover to Green Lantern: Rebirth #6, art by Ethan Van Sciver. ...
Green Arrow (Oliver Jonas Ollie Queen) is a DC Comics superhero. ...
The Amazing Spider-Man is the title of both a comic book published by Marvel Comics and a daily newspaper comic strip. ...
The Comics Code Authority (CCA) is an organization founded in 1954 to act as a de facto censor for American comic books. ...
Alan Moore Alan Moore (born November 18, 1953, in Northampton, England) is a British writer most famous for his work in comics, including the acclaimed graphic novels, Watchmen, V for Vendetta and From Hell. ...
Watchmen is a twelve-issue comic book written by Alan Moore and illustrated by Dave Gibbons. ...
Comics published after World War II in 1945 are sometimes referred to being from the Atomic Age (referring to the dropping of the atomic bomb), and books published after Nov. 1961 are sometimes referred to as being from the Marvel Age (referring to the advent of Marvel Comics). However, these eras are referred to far less frequently than the traditional metallic eras. Combatants Allies: Poland, British Commonwealth, France/Free France, Soviet Union, United States, China, and others Axis Powers: Germany, Italy, Japan, and others Casualties Military dead: 17 million Civilian dead: 33 million Total dead: 50 million Military dead: 8 million Civilian dead: 4 million Total dead: 12 million World War II...
The mushroom cloud of the atomic bombing of Nagasaki, Japan, 1945, rose some 18 km (11 mi) above the epicenter. ...
It has been suggested that Felicia (pseudonym) be merged into this article or section. ...
Notable events in the history of the American comic book include the psychiatrist Frederic Wertham's criticisms of the medium in his book Seduction of the Innocent, which saw the Senate Subcommittee on Juvenile Delinquency investigate comic books. In response to this attention from government and the media, the U.S. comic book industry created the Comics Code Authority in 1954 and drafted the Comics Code. Dr. Fredric Wertham (March 20, 1895–November 29, 1981) was a German-American psychiatrist and crusading author who protested the purportedly harmful effects of mass media—comic books in particular—on the development of children. ...
First U.S. printing, 1954 First U.K. printing, 1954 Seduction of the Innocent was a book by Dr. Fredric Wertham published in 1954, that warned that comic books were a bad form of popular literature and a serious cause of juvenile delinquency. ...
The Senate Subcommittee on Juvenile Delinquency was convened during the early 1950s to investigate the influence on youth by violence and sex in mass media and, in particular, comic books. ...
The seal of the Comics Code Authority, which appears on the covers of approved comic books. ...
The Comics Code Authority (CCA) is an organization founded in 1954 to act as a de facto censor for American comic books. ...
Underground comics - Main article: Underground comics
During the late 1960s and early 1970s, a surge of underground comics occurred. These comics were published and distributed independently of the established mainstream, and most reflected the youth counterculture and drug culture of the time. Many were notable for their uninhibited, irreverent style; their frankness in graphic sex, nudity, language and overt politics hadn't been seen in comics outside of their precursors, the pornographic and even more underground "Tijuana bibles". Underground comics were virtually never sold on newsstands but in such youth-oriented outlets as head shops and record stores, and by mail order. The term underground comics or comix describes the self-published or small press comic books that sprang up in the US in the late 1960s. ...
The term underground comics or comix describes the self-published or small press comic books that sprang up in the US in the late 1960s. ...
In sociology, counterculture is a term used to describe a cultural group whose values and norms are at odds with those of the social mainstream, a cultural equivalent of a political opposition. ...
Drug subcultures are examples of countercultures, primarily defined by recreational drug use. ...
The cover of a typical Tijuana bible. ...
A head shop is a retail outlet specializing in paraphernalia related to consumption of cannabis, other recreational drugs, and New Age herbs, as well as generally selling counterculture art, magazines, music, clothing, and home decor. ...
Mail order is a term which describes the buying of goods or services by mail delivery. ...
The underground-comics movement is often considered to have started with Zap Comix #1 (1968) by cartoonist Robert Crumb, a former Cleveland greeting-card artist living in San Francisco. Crumb later created the popular characters Fritz the Cat and Mr. Natural, and published Gilbert Shelton's The Fabulous Furry Freak Brothers. Zap Comix is among the best-known of the underground comics that emerged as part of the youth counterculture of the late 1960s. ...
A cartoonist at work. ...
Robert Crumb (born August 30, 1943 in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania) is an artist and illustrator recognized for the distinctive style of his drawings and his critical, satirical, subversive view of the American mainstream. ...
For details about the famous earthquake, refer to the article 1906 San Francisco Earthquake. ...
Robert Crumbs Fritz the Cat Fritz the Cat is a comic book fictional character created by Robert Crumb. ...
Mr. ...
Gilbert Shelton (born May 31, 1940, Houston, Texas) is an American cartoonist and underground comics artist. ...
The Fabulous Furry Freak Brothers is a series of underground comics originally created in 1968 by the U.S. artist Gilbert Shelton. ...
Independent and alternative comics - Main article: Alternative comics
The rise of comic-book specialty stores in the late 1970s created a dedicated market for "independent" or "alternative comics"; two of the first were the anthology series Star Reach, published by comic-book writer Mike Friedrich from 1974-1979, and Harvey Pekar's American Splendor, published from the 1970s through the present day. Some independent comics continued in the tradition of underground comics, though were generally less overtly graphic, and others resembled the output of mainstream publishers in format and genre but were published by smaller artist-owned ventures or by a single artists. A few (notably RAW) were experimental attempts to bring comics closer to the world of fine art. The term alternative comics is one of several labels applied to a range of comics that have appeared since about 1980, in the wake of the underground comix movement of the late 1960s and early 70s. ...
The term alternative comics is one of several labels applied to a range of comics that have appeared since about 1980, in the wake of the underground comix movement of the late 1960s and early 70s. ...
Star Reach (also spelled Star*Reach) was a science fiction and fantasy comics anthology published by Mike Friedrich between 1978-1980. ...
Mike Friedrich is an American comic book writer and publisher best known for his work at Marvel and DC Comics, and for publishing the anthology series Star*Reach one of the first independent comics. ...
Harvey Pekar (born October 8, 1939 in Cleveland, Ohio) is a Jewish American underground comic book writer. ...
American Splendor film poster American Splendor is a series of autobiographical comic books and graphic novels written by Harvey Pekar. ...
RAW was a groundbreaking comics anthology edited by Art Spiegelman and Francoise Mouly. ...
The Cornfield is an oil on canvas painting by John Constable in 1826 Fine art refers to arts that are concerned with beauty or which appealed to taste (SOED 1991). ...
The "small press" scene continued to grow and diversify. By the 1980s, several such independent publishers as Eclipse Comics, First Comics, and Fantagraphics were releasing a wide range of styles and formats from color superhero, detective and science fiction comic books to black-and-white magazine-format stories of Latin American magical realism. Eclipse Comics was an American comic book publisher, one of several influential indendent publishers during the 1980s. ...
First Comics was an American publisher of comic books. ...
Fantagraphics Books is an American publisher of alternative comics, underground comics, classic comic strip anthologies, magazines, and graphic novels located in the Maple Leaf neighborhood of Seattle, Washington. ...
Superman and Batman, two of the most recognizable and iconic superheroes. ...
A detective is an investigator, either a member of a police agency or a private person. ...
Science fiction is a form of speculative fiction principally dealing with the impact of imagined science and technology, or both, upon society and persons as individuals. ...
A collection of magazines A magazine is a periodical publication containing a variety of articles, generally financed by advertising and/or purchase by readers. ...
Latin America consists of the countries of South America and some of North America (including Central America and some the islands of the Caribbean) whose inhabitants mostly speak Romance languages, although Native American languages are also spoken. ...
Magic Realism (or Magical Realism) is an illustrative or literary technique in which the laws of cause and effect seem not quite to apply in otherwise real world situations. ...
A number of small publishers in the 1990s changed the format and distribution of their comics to more closely resemble non-comics publishing. The "minicomics" form, an extremely informal version of self-publishing, arose in the 1980s and became increasingly popular among artists in the 1990s, despite reaching an even more limited audience than the small press. A minicomic is a small, creator-published comic book, often photocopied and stapled or with a handmade binding. ...
Decline of serial comic-book format In the early 2000s, sales of standard monthly comic books declined while graphic novels made increasing headway at retail bookstores. Along with the shift toward graphic novels among comics publishers, traditional book publishers such as Pantheon have released several dozen graphic novels, including works originally released by comics publishers with much less publicity. Graphic novel (sometimes abbreviated GN) is a term for a kind of book, usually telling an extended story with sequential art ( comics). ...
The graphic novel - Main article: Graphic novel
The term graphic novel was first coined by Richard Kyle in 1964, mainly as an attempt to distinguish the newly translated works from Europe which were then being published from what Kyle saw as the more juvenile publications common in the United States. A graphic novel (GN) is a long-form comic book, usually with lengthy and complex storylines, and often aimed at more mature audiences. ...
The term was popularized when Will Eisner used it on the cover of the paperback edition of his work A Contract with God, and Other Tenement Stories (1978). This was a more mature work than many had come to expect from the comics medium, and the critical and commercial success of A Contract with God helped to establish the term "graphic novel" in common usage. William Erwin Eisner (born March 6, 1917, Brooklyn, New York City, New York, United States; died January 3, 2005, Lauderdale Lakes, Florida) was an acclaimed American comics writer, artist and entrepreneur. ...
Cover A Contract with God is a graphic novel by Will Eisner, its full title being A Contract with God: and Other Tenement Stories. ...
Comics (or, less common, [visual]] art consisting of images which are commonly combined with text, often in the form of speech balloons or image captions. ...
Warren Ellis, in his Come in Alone columns at ComicbookResources.com, suggested that the term "graphic novel" should include collected editions of serialized storylines. To differentiate these from original comicbook publications, he proposed the term "original graphic novel." Currently, these terms are still used as first suggested, although "original graphic novel" is not a popular term, particularly because so few are currently produced. This article is about the comic book author. ...
Regional categories An American comic book is a small magazine containing a narrative in the comics form. ...
British comics is the art form of comics as practiced within the United Kingdom. ...
In spite of U.S. dominance of Comic Book sales in Canada and the overwhelming number of U.S. comic strips printed in Canadian newspapers there is such a thing as Canadian Comics. ...
Manhua (Chinese: 漫畫; pinyin: màn huà) is the Chinese word for comic strips and comic books. ...
Sabu and Chacha Chaudhary The concept of comics in India is quite recent. ...
To meet Wikipedias quality standards, this article or section may require cleanup. ...
For other uses, see Manga (disambiguation). ...
Manhua (Traditional Chinese: 漫畫; Simplified Chinese: 漫画; Pinyin: ) is a general term for comics produced in China, often including Chinese translations of Japanese manga. ...
Manhwa, in Korean, is a general term for comics and cartoons (including animated cartoons). ...
European comics is a generalized terms for comics produced in Continental Europe. ...
Tintin, one of the most famous Belgian comics Franco-Belgian comics are comics written in Belgium and France. ...
Italian comics are comics made in Italy. ...
Other forms The cover of a typical Tijuana bible. ...
The term underground comics or comix describes the self-published or small press comic books that sprang up in the US in the late 1960s. ...
The term alternative comics is one of several labels applied to a range of comics that have appeared since about 1980, in the wake of the underground comix movement of the late 1960s and early 70s. ...
Adult comics are comic books intended for adults. ...
Genres Note: As with film and literature, genres are rarely pure and often blend. Frankenstein, for example, is a science fiction/horror novel; The Adventures of Brisco County, Jr. is a Western/comedy TV series. Not all superhero comics are necessarily science fiction; Marvel Comics' Daredevil, for example, despite an initial science-fiction premise, may be more usefully classified as a crime drama. A genre is any of the traditional divisions of art forms from a single field of activity into various kinds according to criteria particular to that form. ...
Book covers for Frankenstein have taken many forms over the years which emphasize different themes of the novel such as gothic horror, science fiction and romanticism. ...
Science fiction is a form of speculative fiction principally dealing with the impact of imagined science and technology, or both, upon society and persons as individuals. ...
Horror fiction is, broadly, fiction in any medium intended to scare, unsettle or horrify the reader. ...
Daniel Defoes Robinson Crusoe; title page of 1719 newspaper edition A novel (from French nouvelle, new) is an extended fictional narrative in prose. ...
The Adventures of Brisco County, Jr. ...
The Western is an American genre in literature and film. ...
Comedy is the use of humor in the form of theater, where it simply referred to a play with a happy ending, in contrast to a tragedy. ...
A television program is the content of television broadcasting. ...
Superman and Batman, two of the most recognizable and iconic superheroes. ...
It has been suggested that Felicia (pseudonym) be merged into this article or section. ...
Daredevil (alter ego Matthew Murdock) is a fictional superhero in the Marvel Comics universe. ...
It has been suggested that this article or section be merged into theatre. ...
Action-adventure games are video games that combine elements of the adventure game genre with various action elements. ...
Superman and Batman, two of the most recognizable and iconic superheroes. ...
The eye is an adaptation. ...
Anthropomorphism, also referred to as personification or prosopopeia, is the attribution of human characteristics to inanimate objects, animals, forces of nature, and others. ...
Funny animal is a cartooning term for the genre of comics and animated cartoons in which the main characters are humanoid or talking animals. ...
Shanda the Panda #12, an example of a furry comic Furry fandom is a subculture that originated from the science fiction and fantasy fandoms. ...
Autobiographical comics (often referred to in the comics field as simply autobio) are autobiography in the form of comic books or comic strips. ...
It has been suggested that this article or section be merged into theatre. ...
History is often used as a generic term for information about the past, such as in geologic history of the Earth. When used as the name of a field of study, history refers to the study and interpretation of the record of human societies. ...
Horror fiction is, broadly, fiction in any medium intended to scare, unsettle or horrify the reader. ...
Humour (Commonwealth English) or humor (American English) is the ability or quality of people, objects or situations to evoke feelings of amusement in other people. ...
Journalism is a discipline of collecting, analyzing, verifying, and presenting information gathered regarding current events, including trends, issues and people. ...
Religious is a term with both a technical definition and folk use. ...
As a literary genre, romance refers to a style of heroic prose and verse narrative current in Europe from the Middle Ages to the Renaissance. ...
Satire is a literary technique of writing or art which exposes the follies of its subject (for example, individuals, organizations, or states) to ridicule, often as an intended means of provoking or preventing change. ...
A collection of well-known science-fiction novels and magazines Science fiction is a genre of fiction in which advances in science, or contact with more scientifically advanced civilizations, create situations different from those of both the present day and the known past. ...
The Western is an American genre in literature and film. ...
Some particularly noteworthy comic books 2000 AD logo 2000 AD is a weekly British science fiction oriented comic. ...
The cover ACME Novelty Library issue 15 Acme Novelty Library is a singular and artistically adventurous comic book created by Chicago cartoonist Chris Ware and published by Fantagraphics Books. ...
Fantagraphics Books is an American publisher of alternative comics, underground comics, classic comic strip anthologies, magazines, and graphic novels located in the Maple Leaf neighborhood of Seattle, Washington. ...
Akira (Japanese: ) is a 1988 anime film by Katsuhiro Otomo. ...
A shrewd, cunning little warrior; all perilous missions are immediately entrusted to him. ...
Batman (originally referred to as the Bat-man, and still sometimes as the Batman) is a DC Comics fictional character and superhero who first appeared in Detective Comics #27 in May 1939. ...
DC Comics is one of the largest American companies in comic book and related media publishing. ...
This article is about the comic. ...
The Dandy is a British childrens comic published by D. C. Thomson & Co. ...
Donald Duck Donald Duck is an animated cartoon and comic-book character from Walt Disney Productions. ...
Dell Comics was the comic book publishing arm of Dell Publications, which got its start in pulp magazines. ...
Gold Key Comics was an imprint of Western Publishing. ...
The Fantastic Four (sometimes called the FF) are a Marvel Comics superhero group. ...
It has been suggested that Felicia (pseudonym) be merged into this article or section. ...
Cover to Green Lantern: Rebirth #6, art by Ethan Van Sciver. ...
DC Comics is one of the largest American companies in comic book and related media publishing. ...
The Incredible Hulk The Hulk, often called The Incredible Hulk, is a Marvel Comics superhero. ...
It has been suggested that Felicia (pseudonym) be merged into this article or section. ...
Lone Wolf and Cub manga, Volume 1 (English version) Lone Wolf and Cub (known in Japan as Kozure ÅŒkami å連れ狼) is a well-known gekiga or manga created by the writer Kazuo Koike and the artist Goseki Kojima. ...
Lucky Luke (left) on the cover of Yo y Yo, a Spanish periodical Lucky Luke is a French language comic book series. ...
Dupuis is a Belgian editor of comic books and magazines. ...
Les Éditions Dargaud is a publisher of Franco-Belgian and French comic book series. ...
Monicas Gang, called Turma da Mônica (Portuguese for Monicas Gang), is a popular set of comic books for kids in Brazil, created by MaurÃcio de Sousa. ...
Mortadelo y Filemón (Mortadelo and Filemón) is one of the most popular comic strip series in Spain, appearing for the first time in 1958 in the childrens comic-book TÃo Vivo drawn by the hand of Francisco Ibáñez. ...
Mickey Mouse Mickey Mouse is a comic animal cartoon character who has become a symbol for The Walt Disney Company. ...
The Walt Disney Company (most commonly known as Disney) (NYSE: DIS) is one of the largest media and entertainment corporations in the world. ...
RAW was a groundbreaking comics anthology edited by Art Spiegelman and Francoise Mouly. ...
The smurfs (les schtroumpfs in French) are a fictional group of small blue creatures who live in a forest somewhere in Europe. ...
Dupuis is a Belgian editor of comic books and magazines. ...
Cover to The Amazing Spider-Man #1 (Volume 1), March 1963, by Steve Ditko. ...
It has been suggested that Felicia (pseudonym) be merged into this article or section. ...
The Sandman was a comic book series written by Neil Gaiman and published by DC Comics for 75 issues from 1988 until 1996. ...
Vertigo is an imprint of comic book and graphic novel publisher DC Comics. ...
Album 208, De Hellegathonden Spike and Suzy (U.K.) or Bob & Bobette (U.K. and in French) or Willy and Wanda (U.S.) is an originally Flemish series of comic books called Suske en Wiske. ...
Flanders (Flemish, Fleming) (Dutch: Vlaanderen (Vlaams, Vlaming)) has two main designations: a geographical region in the north of Belgium, corresponding to the Flemish region, a constituent part of the federal Belgian state. ...
Superman is a fictional character and superhero of DC Comics who first appeared in Action Comics #1 in 1938 and is considered the first character to embody the particular combination of traits that characterize the modern superhero. ...
DC Comics is one of the largest American companies in comic book and related media publishing. ...
Tintin and Snowy (Tintin et Milou) are world travellers and inseparable friends in The Adventures of Tintin. ...
Casterman is an a publishing company in Tournai, Belgium, mostly famous as the publisher of graphic novels, among which Tintin. ...
Cover of Viz (issue 57) Viz is a popular British adult spoof comic magazine. ...
Watchmen is a twelve-issue comic book written by Alan Moore and illustrated by Dave Gibbons. ...
DC Comics is one of the largest American companies in comic book and related media publishing. ...
Wonder Woman is a DC Comics superhero. ...
DC Comics is one of the largest American companies in comic book and related media publishing. ...
The X-Men are a group of comic book superheroes featured in Marvel Comics. ...
It has been suggested that Felicia (pseudonym) be merged into this article or section. ...
Zap Comix is among the best-known of the underground comics that emerged as part of the youth counterculture of the late 1960s. ...
Last Gasp is a comics publisher and book distributor based in San Francisco, California. ...
See also
Comics - the sequential art form in general Comics (or, less common, [visual]] art consisting of images which are commonly combined with text, often in the form of speech balloons or image captions. ...
This article is about the comic strip, the sequential art form as published in newspapers and on the Internet. ...
A graphic novel (GN) is a long-form comic book, usually with lengthy and complex storylines, and often aimed at more mature audiences. ...
Webcomics, also known as online comics and web comics, are comics that are available on the Internet. ...
Sprite comics are webcomics that use video game sprites and backgrounds for their artwork. ...
A storyboard for an 8-minute animated cartoon. ...
A cartoon is any of several forms of art, with varied meanings that evolved from one to another. ...
This early political cartoon by Ben Franklin was originally written for the French and Indian War, but was later recycled during the Revolutionary War An editorial cartoon, also known as a political cartoon, is an illustration or comic strip containing a political or social message. ...
Comic book awards The Will Eisner Comic Industry Award is given for creative achievement in comic books. ...
The Harvey Awards are given for achievement in comic books. ...
The Ignatz Awards, named after Ignatz Mouse from George Herrimans landmark comic strip Krazy Kat, are awarded each year at the Small Press Expo (SPX), to recognize outstanding achievement in comics and cartooning. ...
The Kirby Awards were a short lived set of awards given for achievement in comic books. ...
The Prix de la critique is a prize awarded by the Association des Critiques et des journalistes de Bande Dessinée to the best comic album released for a year in France. ...
The Angoulême International Comics Festival is the main comics festival in Europe. ...
Every year, the Grand Prix de la ville dAngoulême is awarded during the Angoulême International Comics Festival to an author for his whole work and / or for his achievement in the evolution of comics. ...
The Tezuka Award (since 1971) is a semi-annual manga award offered by the Japanese publisher Shueisha (集英社), under the auspices of its Weekly Shonen Jump magazine. ...
Comics Buyers Guide (CBG) is the longest-running periodical reporting on the comic book industry. ...
Miscellaneous A cartoonist at work. ...
It has been suggested that this article or section be merged with Comics Code Authority. ...
A comic book artist at work. ...
Comic book collecting is the result of an interest in antiquity, and nostalgia, as is all collecting by its very nature. ...
Comic-Con International, commonly known as Comic-Con or the San Diego Comic-Con, is an annual comic book convention founded in 1970. ...
Lists This is a list of comic creators. ...
This is a listing of comic books. ...
Active companies AC Comics Adhouse Books Alias Enterprises Alternative Comics Antarctic Press Arcana Studios Archie Comics (formerly MLJ) Mighty Comics (Defunct, also known as Radio Comics) Red Circle Comics (Defunct) Aardvark-Vanaheim (Cerebus the Aardvark reprint collections only) Avatar Press Beckett Comics Bongo Comics BroadSword Comics Carabosse Comics Claypool Comics...
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This is a list of comic strips. ...
// Notable cartoonists Notable cartoonists include: Pete Abrams, Sluggy Freelance Charles Addams, macabre cartoons featured in The New Yorker and elsewhere Murray Ball, Footrot Flats Darrin Bell, Candorville and Rudy Park Oscar Berger, Aesops Foibles (1947); active 1920s - 1960s Ed Brubaker Max Cannon, Red Meat Contemporary American Chester Commodore, African...
This is a list of characters from animated cartoons, comic books and comic strips that are named after real people. ...
References Inge, Thomas M., "Comics as culture" Journal of Popular Culture 12:631, 1979 (not online)
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