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The Comma Johanneum is a comma, or short clause, present in most translations of the First Epistle of John published from 1522 until the latter part of the nineteenth century, owing to the widespread use of the third edition of the Textus Receptus (TR) as the sole source for translation. In readings containing the clause, such as this one from the King James Bible, 1 John 5:7–8 reads as follows, the Comma itself here rendered with emphasis: In Greek rhetoric a comma is a short clause, something less than a colon, originally denoted by comma marks. ... The First Epistle of John is a book of the Bible New Testament, the fourth of the catholic or general epistles. ... Events January 9 - Adrian Dedens becomes Pope Adrian VI. February 26 - Execution by hanging of Cuauhtémoc, Aztec ruler of Tenochtitlan under orders of conquistador Hernán Cortés. ... Textus Receptus (Latin: received text) is the name given to the first Greek-language text of the New Testament to be printed on a printing press. ... The King James or Authorized Version of the Bible is an English translation of the Christian Bible first published in 1611. ...

5:7 "For there are three that bear record in heaven, the Father, the Word, and the Holy Ghost: and these three are one. 5:8 And there are three that bear witness in earth, the Spirit, and the water, and the blood: and these three agree in one."

The resulting passage is an explicit reference to the Trinity (the doctrine that the Father, Son and Holy Spirit are one God), and for this reason some Christians are resistant to the elimination of the Comma from modern Biblical translations. Nonetheless, nearly all recent translations have removed this clause, as it does not appear in older copies of the Epistle and it is not present in the passage as quoted by any of the early Church Fathers, who would have had plenty of reason to quote it in their Trinitarian debates (for example, with the Arians), had it existed then. Most Churches now agree that the theology contained in the Comma is true, but that the Comma is not an original part of the Epistle of John. This article or section contains too many quotations for an encyclopedic entry. ... This article does not cite any references or sources. ... In many religions, the supreme God is given the title and attributions of Father. ... This article is about Jesus of Nazareth. ... Topics in Christianity Movements · Denominations Ecumenism · Preaching · Prayer Music · Liturgy · Calendar Symbols · Art · Criticism Important figures Apostle Paul · Church Fathers Constantine · Athanasius · Augustine Anselm · Aquinas · Palamas · Luther Calvin · Wesley Arius · Marcion of Sinope Archbishop of Canterbury · Catholic Pope Coptic Pope · Ecumenical Patriarch Christianity Portal This box:      In mainstream Christianity, the... For the Celtic Frost album, see Monotheist (album) In theology, monotheism (from Greek one and god) is the belief in the existence of one deity or God, or in the oneness of God. ... For other uses, see Christian (disambiguation). ... The Bible (From Greek βιβλια—biblia, meaning books, which in turn is derived from βυβλος—byblos meaning papyrus, from the ancient Phoenician city of Byblos which exported papyrus) is the sacred scripture of Christianity. ... Topics in Christianity Movements · Denominations Ecumenism · Preaching · Prayer Music · Liturgy · Calendar Symbols · Art · Criticism Important figures Apostle Paul · Church Fathers Constantine · Athanasius · Augustine Anselm · Aquinas · Palamas · Luther Calvin · Wesley Arius · Marcion of Sinope Pope · Archbishop of Canterbury Patriarch of Constantinople Christianity Portal This box:      The Church Fathers, Early Church Fathers... It has been suggested that this article be split into multiple articles. ...

Origins

Several early sources which one might expect to include the Comma Johanneum in fact omit it. For example, although Clement of Alexandria's writings around the year 200 place a strong emphasis on the Trinity, his quotation of 1 John 5:8 does not include the Comma.^[1][2] Clement of Alexandria (Titus Flavius Clemens), was the first member of the Church of Alexandria to be more than a name, and one of its most distinguished teachers. ...

Excerpt from Codex Sinaiticus (4th cent.)
from the Epistle of John (5:7, 8).
It is obvious the disputed phrase.
The purple-coloured text says:
"There are three witness bearers,
the spirit and the water and the blood",
in Greek:
«ΤΡΕΙCΕΙ
CIΝΟΙΜΑΡΤΥΡΟΥΝ
ΤΕCΤΟΠΝ[ΕΥΜ]ΑΚΑΙΤΟΥ
ΔΩΡΚΑΙΤΟΑΙΜΑ»

One account of its origins suggests that the Comma originated in a Latin homily elaborating on this passage in the Vulgate. The third-century Church father St. Cyprian quoted John 10:30 and added, "Et iterum de Patre et Filio et Spiritu Sancto scriptum est—Et hi tres unum sunt" (De Unitate Ecclesiæ, "On the Unity of the Church", vi).^[3] Translated, Cyprian's remark reads, "And again it is written of the Father, the Son and the Holy Spirit—and these three are one." If Cyprian had been aware of the Comma, he would likely have quoted it directly, rather than glossing a verse in a different Johannine book with a sentence which resembles the Comma. Tertullian, in his Against Praxeas (circa 210), also supports a Trinitarian view by quoting John 10:30, even though the Comma would have provided stronger support.^[1] Likewise, St. Jerome's writings of the fourth century give no evidence that he was aware of the Comma's existence.^[3] (The Codex Fuldensis, a copy of the Vulgate made around 546, contains a copy of Jerome's Prologue to the Canonical Gospels which seems to reference the Comma. However, the Codex's version of 1 John omits the Comma, which has led many to believe that the Prologue's reference is spurious.^[1][4]) In the sixth century, St. Fulgentius referred to Cyprian's remark (in "Responsio contra Arianos", "Reply against the Arians"). Many figures in the African Church of the period quoted the Comma, but they did so inconsistently; the most notable and prolific writer of the African Church, St. Augustine, is completely silent on the matter.^[3] Image File history File links No higher resolution available. ... Image File history File links No higher resolution available. ... The Vulgate Bible is an early 5th century version in Latin, partly revised and partly translated by Jerome on the orders of Pope Damasus I in 382. ... This page is about Cyprian, bishop of Carthage. ... A gloss is a note made in the margins or between the lines of a book, in which the meaning of the text in its original language is explained in another language. ... El Grecos rendition of John the Apostle shows the traditional author of the Johannine works as a young man. ... Quintus Septimius Florens Tertullianus, anglicised as Tertullian, (ca. ... “Saint Jerome” redirects here. ... The Codex Fuldensis is a manuscript based on the Latin Vulgate made between 541 and 546. ... Saint Fulgentius of Ruspe (Thelepte, 467–1 January 533) was bishop of the city of Ruspe, North-Africa, in the 5th and 6th century. ... “Augustinus” redirects here. ...

The first work to use the Comma Johanneum as an actual part of the Epistle's text appears to be the fourth-century Latin book Liber Apologeticus, probably written by Priscillian of Ávila (died 385), or his close follower Bishop Instantius.^[5] (A Spanish theologian who advocated the strictly ascetic lifestyle, Priscillian was the first person in the history of Christianity to be executed for heresy.) Raymond E. Brown's Epistle of John specifies the Liber Apologeticus as the Comma's source. Priscillian of Avila (died 385) was a Spanish theologian and the founder of a party which advocated strong asceticism. ... This article does not cite any references or sources. ... Look up Heresy in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ... Raymond Edward Brown (May 22, 1928 - August 8, 1998), was an American Roman Catholic priest and Biblical scholar. ...

This part of the homily, possibly originating from Cyprian, then became worked into copies of the Vulgate, roughly around the year 800; the passage in the Vulgate was then back-translated into the Greek. Out of the thousands of manuscripts currently extant which contain the New Testament in Greek, the Comma only appears in eight. The oldest known occurrence appears to be a later addition to a 10th century manuscript now in the Bodleian Library, the exact date of the addition not known; in this manuscript, the Comma is a variant reading offered as an alternative to the main text. The other seven sources date to the sixteenth century or later, and four of the seven are hand-written in the manuscript margins. In one manuscript, back-translated into Greek from the Vulgate, the phrase "and these three are one" is not present.^[6] As a means of recording the passage of time, the 10th century was that century which lasted from 901 to 1000. ... Entrance to the Library, with the coats-of-arms of several Oxford colleges The Bodleian Library, the main research library of the University of Oxford, is one of the oldest libraries in Europe, and in England is second in size only to the British Library. ...

No Syriac manuscripts include the Comma, and its presence in some printed Syriac Bibles is due to back-translation from the Latin Vulgate. Coptic manuscripts and those from Ethiopian churches also do not include it. Of the surviving "Itala" or "Old Latin" translations, only two support the Textus Receptus reading, namely the Codex Monacensis (sixth or seventh century) and the Speculum, an eighth- or ninth-century collection of New Testament quotations.^[3] Topics in Christianity Movements · Denominations Ecumenism · Preaching · Prayer Music · Liturgy · Calendar Symbols · Art · Criticism Important figures Apostle Paul · Church Fathers Constantine · Athanasius · Augustine Anselm · Aquinas · Palamas · Luther Calvin · Wesley Arius · Marcion of Sinope Pope · Archbishop of Canterbury Patriarch of Constantinople Christianity Portal This box:      Syriac Christianity is a culturally and... Jesus Christ in a Coptic icon. ... Vetus Latina is a collective name given to the Biblical texts in Latin that were translated before St Jeromes Vulgate bible became the standard Bible for Latin-speaking Western Christians. ... The 6th century is the period from 501 - 600 in accordance with the Julian calendar in the Christian Era. ...

Early modern translations

The central figure in the sixteenth-century history of the Comma Johanneum is Desiderius Erasmus, a theologian and humanist whose writings prefigured and inspired Martin Luther. The author of many works—including The Praise of Folly, a dry-humored satire of Catholic traditions—Erasmus entered the field of Biblical translations thanks largely to a rivalry between publishers. Desiderius Erasmus in 1523 Desiderius Erasmus Roterodamus (also Desiderius Erasmus of Rotterdam) (October 27, probably 1466 – July 12, 1536) was a Dutch humanist and theologian. ... See also the specific life stance known as Humanism For the Renaissance liberal arts movement, see Renaissance humanism Humanism is a broad category of ethical philosophies that affirm the dignity and worth of all people, based on the ability to determine right and wrong by appeal to universal human qualities... Martin Luther (November 10, 1483 – February 18, 1546) was a German monk,[1] priest, professor, theologian, and church reformer. ... Hans Holbeins witty marginal drawing of Folly (1515), in the first edition, a copy owned by Erasmus himself (Kupferstichkabinett, Basle) The Praise of Folly (Greek title: Morias Enkomion (Μωρίας Εγκώμιον), Latin: Stultitiae Laus, sometimes translated as In Praise of Folly, Dutch title: Lof der Zotheid) is an essay written in 1509... 1867 edition of the satirical magazine Punch, a British satirical magazine, ground-breaking on popular literature satire. ...

In 1502, Cardinal Cisneros sponsored a polyglot edition of the Bible, inviting a large group of religious scholars to create a multi-volume set containing parallel translations in all the Biblical languages: Aramaic, Hebrew, Greek and Latin. The result, now known as the Complutensian Polyglot, took fifteen years of dedicated effort. The New Testament translations were completed and printed in 1514, but their publication was delayed so that they could be released at the same time as the Old Testament. Cisneros (sitting) directs the construction of the Hospital of the Charity. ... A polyglot (also spelled polyglott) is a book that contains side-by-side versions of the same text in several different languages. ... Aramaic is a group of Semitic languages with a 3,000-year history. ... “Hebrew” redirects here. ... Latin was the language originally spoken in the region around Rome called Latium. ... The Complutensian Polyglot Bible is the name given to the first printed polyglot of the entire Bible, planned and financed by Cardinal Cisneros (1436-1517). ... This article is about the Christian scriptures. ... Note: Judaism commonly uses the term Tanakh to refer to its canon, which corresponds to the Protestant Old Testament. ...

Meanwhile, word of the Complutensian project reached Johann Froben of Basel, who decided to commission his own translation and beat the Complutensian to market. He contacted Erasmus, who began a systematic examination of New Testament manuscripts and rapidly produced a Greek edition and Latin translation, which Froben published in 1516.^[7] Also, in the same year Erasmus published a critical edition of the Greek New Testament—Novum Instrumentum omne, diligenter ab Erasmo Rot. Recognitum et Emendatum—which included a Latin translation and annotations. The second edition used the more familiar term Testamentum instead of Instrumentum, and eventually became a major source for Luther's German translation. Johann Froben (latin: Johannes Frobenius; * approx. ... For other uses, see Basel (disambiguation). ... // Events March - With the death of Ferdinand II of Aragon, his grandson Charles of Ghent becomes King of Spain as Carlos I. July - Selim I of the Ottoman Empire declares war on the Mameluks and invades Syria. ... Carmina Cantabrigiensia, Manuscript C, folio 436v, 11th century Textual criticism or lower criticism is a branch of philology or bibliography that is concerned with the identification and removal of errors from texts and manuscripts. ...

Desiderius Erasmus in 1523

In his haste, Erasmus made a considerable number of translation mistakes. He was unable to find a manuscript containing the entire Greek New Testament, so he compiled several different sources. After comparing what writings he could find, Erasmus wrote corrections between the lines and sent the documents to Froben. Erasmus said the resulting work was "thrown headlong rather than edited" ("prœcipitatum fuit verius quam editum").^[8] He fixed many but not all of the resulting mistakes in the second edition, published in 1519.^[6] Image File history File links Download high resolution version (809x1145, 122 KB) The Dutch philosopher Desiderius Erasmus. ... Image File history File links Download high resolution version (809x1145, 122 KB) The Dutch philosopher Desiderius Erasmus. ... Events April - Battle of Villalar - Forces loyal to Emperor Charles V defeat the Comuneros, a league of urban bourgeois rebelling against Charles in Spain. ...

The Comma does not appear until the third edition, published in 1522.^[7] Its absence in the first two editions provoked considerable animosity, chiefly led by Lopez de Zúñiga (also written Stunica) who had been one of the Complutensian editors. Erasmus replied that the Comma did not occur in any of the Greek manuscripts he could find; he eventually compromised with his critics, saying that he would add the Comma to future editions if it appeared in a Greek manuscript.^[6] Events January 9 - Adrian Dedens becomes Pope Adrian VI. February 26 - Execution by hanging of Cuauhtémoc, Aztec ruler of Tenochtitlan under orders of conquistador Hernán Cortés. ...

Such a manuscript was subsequently produced. Today called "Codex 61",^[7] it was written after Erasmus's request by a Franciscan friar named Froy who lived in Oxford; others may have been involved in the addition as well. Erasmus added the Comma to his 1522 edition, "but he indicates in a lengthy footnote his suspicions that the manuscript had been prepared expressly in order to confute him."^[9] It was this third edition which became a chief source for the King James Version, thereby fixing the Comma firmly in the English-language scriptures for centuries.^[6] The Order of Friars Minor and other Franciscan movements are disciples of Saint Francis of Assisi. ... Oxford is a city and local government district in Oxfordshire, England, with a population of 134,248 (2001 census). ... This page is about the version of the Bible; for the Harvey Danger album, see King James Version (album). ...

The term Textus Receptus or Received Text generally refers to one of Erasmus's later editions or one of the works derived from them. The Schaff-Herzog Encyclopedia, a largely Protestant reference published in 1914, comments: Textus Receptus (Latin: received text) is the name given to the first Greek-language text of the New Testament to be printed on a printing press. ... The Schaff-Herzog Encyclopedia of Religious Knowledge is a 1914 religious encyclopedia, published in thirteen volumes. ... Protestantism encompasses the forms of Christian faith and practice that originated with the doctrines of the Reformation. ...

The textus receptus, slavishly followed, with slight diversities, in hundreds of editions, and substantially represented in all the principal modern Protestant translations prior to the nineteenth century, thus resolves itself essentially into that of the last edition of Erasmus, framed from a few modern and inferior manuscripts and the Complutensian Polyglot, in the infancy of Biblical criticism. In more than twenty places its reading is supported by the authority of no known Greek manuscript.^[8]

The English scholar Isaac Newton, best known today for his many contributions to mathematics and physics, also wrote extensively on Biblical matters. In a 1690 treatise entitled An Historical Account of Two Notable Corruptions of Scripture, Newton observed, "In all the vehement universal and lasting controversy about the Trinity in Jerome's time and both before and long enough after it, this text of the 'three in heaven' was never once thought of. It is now in everybody’s mouth and accounted the main text for the business and would assuredly have been so too with them, had it been in their books."^[10] (Like 1 John itself, Newton's Historical Account is an epistolary work: he wrote it as letters to John Locke.) Newton's history of the Comma Johanneum reflects his belief that the Church's history was one of progressive decay from a pure original, in terms not just of doctrine but also of its relation with secular powers. Newton believed that the Comma was introduced, intentionally or by accident, into a Latin text during the fourth or fifth century, a time when he believed the Church to be rife with corruption.^[11] Sir Isaac Newton FRS (4 January 1643 – 31 March 1727) [ OS: 25 December 1642 – 20 March 1727][1] was an English physicist, mathematician, astronomer, natural philosopher, and alchemist. ... Euclid, Greek mathematician, 3rd century BC, as imagined by by Raphael in this detail from The School of Athens. ... This is a discussion of a present category of science. ... An Historical Account of Two Notable Corruptions of Scripture is a dissertation by the English Mathematician and Scholar Isaac Newton. ... This article or section contains too many quotations for an encyclopedic entry. ... “Saint Jerome” redirects here. ... For other persons named John Locke, see John Locke (disambiguation). ...

Modern views

Nearly all modern major Christian denominations are Trinitarian,^[12] with their beliefs reflected in three ancient creeds: The Apostles' Creed, the Nicene Creed and the Athanasian Creed. Denominations whose beliefs follow these creeds accept the underlying theology of the Johannine Comma, whether or not they hold it to be a part of the First Epistle of John. Contrastingly, The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, widely known as the Mormon Church, disputes the Comma as part of their arguments against the doctrine of the Trinity. For example, officially sanctioned LDS translations of the New Testament into French and German omit the Comma entirely. Mormons view the Comma as an example of how spurious additions change the meaning of holy texts, calling the Comma an affirmation of the attitude that the Bible should only be considered valid where it is in accord with "modern revelation".^[13] A creed is a statement or confession of belief — usually religious belief — or faith. ... Topics in Christianity Movements · Denominations Ecumenism · Preaching · Prayer Music · Liturgy · Calendar Symbols · Art · Criticism Important figures Apostle Paul · Church Fathers Constantine · Athanasius · Augustine Anselm · Aquinas · Palamas · Luther Calvin · Wesley Arius · Marcion of Sinope Pope · Archbishop of Canterbury Patriarch of Constantinople Christianity Portal This box:      The Apostles Creed (Latin: Symbolum Apostolorum... Icon depicting the Holy Fathers of the First Council of Nicaea holding the Nicene Creed. ... The Athanasian Creed (Quicunque vult) is a statement of Christian doctrine traditionally ascribed to St. ... For other uses, see Church of Jesus Christ of Latter Day Saints (disambiguation). ...

The Council of Trent in 1546 definitely ratified the Biblical canon for the Roman Catholic Church, confirming all books traditionally accepted as canonical and therefore inspired. The fathers decided to canonize "the entire books with all their parts, as these have been wont to be read in the Catholic Church and are contained in the old Latin Vulgate". Though the revised Vulgate contained the Comma, the earliest known copies of the Vulgate did not. Therefore the Council's decrees do not necessarily confirm Comma Johanneum as canonical.^[3] The Council of Trent is the Nineteenth Ecumenical Council of the Roman Catholic Church. ... A biblical canon is a list of Biblical books which establishes the set of books which are considered to be authoritative as scripture by a particular Jewish or Christian community. ... “Catholic Church” redirects here. ...

An edition of the King James Version called the Cambridge Paragraph Bible was published in 1873, edited by F.H.A. Scrivener, one of the translators of the English Revised Version and a noted textual scholar. Scrivener set the Comma in italics to reflect its disputed authenticity, though not all later editions retain this formatting. Front cover of the Penguin Classics paperback edition of the New Cambridge Paragraph Bible (2006). ... 1873 (MDCCCLXXIII) was a common year starting on Wednesday (see link for calendar). ... The Revised Version (or English Revised Version) of the Bible is a late 19th-century British revision of the King James Version of 1611. ... This article or section does not adequately cite its references or sources. ...

On 13 January 1897, the Holy Office decreed that Catholic theologians could not "with safety" deny or call into doubt the Comma's authenticity. Pope Leo XIII approved this decision two days later, though his approval was not in forma specifica;^[3] that is, Leo XIII did not invest his full papal authority in the matter, leaving the decree with the ordinary authority possessed by the Holy Office. Three decades later, on 2 June 1927, Pope Pius XI decreed that the Comma Johanneum was open to dispute. The updated "Nova Vulgata" edition of the Vulgate, published in 1979 as a result of the Second Vatican Council, does not include the Comma,^[14] nor does the English-language New American Bible. January 13 is the 13th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... 1897 (MDCCCXCVII) was a common year starting on Friday (see link for calendar). ... The Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith (CDF) (Congregatio pro Doctrina Fidei) is the oldest of the nine congregations of the Roman Curia. ... Pope Leo XIII (March 2, 1810—July 20, 1903), born Vincenzo Gioacchino Raffaele Luigi Pecci, was the 256th Pope of the Roman Catholic Church, reigning from 1878 to 1903, succeeding Pope Pius IX. Reigning until the age of 93, he was the oldest pope, and had the third longest pontificate... is the 153rd day of the year (154th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1927 (MCMXXVII) was a common year starting on Saturday (link will display full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... Pope Pius XI (Latin: ; Italian: Pio XI; May 31, 1857 – February 10, 1939), born Ambrogio Damiano Achille Ratti, reigned as Pope from February 6, 1922 and as sovereign of Vatican City from 1929 until his death on February 10, 1939. ... The Vulgate Bible is an early 5th century version in Latin, partly revised and partly translated by Jerome on the orders of Pope Damasus I in 382. ... The Second Ecumenical Council of the Vatican, or Vatican II, was the twenty-first Ecumenical Council of the Roman Catholic Church. ... In 1970, the New American Bible (NAB) was first published. ...

In more recent years, the Comma has become relevant to the King-James-Only Movement, a largely Protestant development most prevalent within the fundamentalist and Independent Baptist branch of the Baptist churches. Proponents view the Comma as an important Trinitarian text and assert that those who doubt its authenticity are threatening the biblical basis for Trinitarian belief.^[15] Topics in Christianity Movements · Denominations · Other religions Ecumenism · Preaching · Prayer Music · Liturgy · Calendar Symbols · Art · Criticism Important figures Apostle Paul · Church Fathers Constantine · Athanasius · Augustine Anselm · Aquinas · Palamas · Luther Calvin · Wesley Arius · Marcion of Sinope Archbishop of Canterbury · Catholic Pope Coptic Pope · Ecumenical Patriarch Christianity Portal This box:      See technical... Protestantism encompasses the forms of Christian faith and practice that originated with the doctrines of the Reformation. ... This article does not cite any references or sources. ... Topics in Christianity Movements · Denominations Ecumenism · Preaching · Prayer Music · Liturgy · Calendar Symbols · Art · Criticism Important figures Apostle Paul · Church Fathers Constantine · Athanasius · Augustine Anselm · Aquinas · Palamas · Luther Calvin · Wesley Arius · Marcion of Sinope Coptic Orthodox Pope · Roman Catholic Pope Archbishop of Canterbury · Patriarch of Constantinople Christianity Portal This box:      Baptist...

It is also worth noting that since the early nineteenth century, many scholars who practice higher criticism have come to question the authorship of the Johannine works. Tradition held that all of these books — the Gospel of John; the first, second and third Epistles of John; and the Book of Revelation — were all written by the same man, John the Apostle. However, in 1820 K.G. Bretschneider called into question the apostolic authorship of the Gospel, and even stated that the author could not have come from Palestine, since the author had a shaky grasp of Palestinian geography. Furthermore, he reasoned that since the meaning and nature of Jesus presented in the Gospel of John was very different from that in the Synoptic Gospels, its author could not have been an eyewitness to the events. Bretschneider's work began the modern investigation into the Johannian authorship question, and today, viewpoints on the issue range from affirming the authorship of the Apostle, to affirming the authorship of another author (called "John" for convenience), and even to theories of group authorship. If one accepts the Comma as a later hand's addition, then the "group authorship" theory becomes at least technically correct, with Priscillian or his friend Instantius possibly authors within the group. Alternative meaning: Nineteenth Century (periodical) (18th century — 19th century — 20th century — more centuries) As a means of recording the passage of time, the 19th century was that century which lasted from 1801-1900 in the sense of the Gregorian calendar. ... Higher criticism, also known as historical criticism, is a branch of literary analysis that attempts to investigate the origins of a text, especially the text of the Bible. ... El Grecos rendition of John the Apostle shows the traditional author of the Johannine works as a young man. ... For other uses, see Gospel of John (disambiguation). ... The First Epistle of John is a book of the Bible New Testament, the fourth of the catholic or general epistles. ... The Second Epistle of John (normally just called 2nd John or 2 John) is a book of the Bible New Testament. ... The New Testament Third Epistle of John (often referred to as 3 John) is the 64th book of the Bible. ... Visions of John of Patmos, as depicted in the Très Riches Heures du Duc de Berry. ... John the Apostle (Hebrew: Johanan ;Greek Ιωάννης, see names of John) was one of the twelve apostles of Jesus. ... Karl Gottlieb Bretschneider (1776 - 1848), German scholar and theologian, was born at Gersdorf in Saxony. ... The Holy Land or Palestine Showing not only the Old Kingdoms of Judea and Israel but also the 12 Tribes Distinctly, and Confirming Even the Diversity of the Locations of their Ancient Positions and Doing So as the Holy Scriptures Indicate, a geographic map from the studio of Tobiae Conradi... This article is about Jesus of Nazareth. ... In the New Testament of the Christian Bible, gospels Matthew, Mark, and Luke are so similar that they are called the synoptic gospels (from Greek, συν, syn, together, and οψις, opsis, seeing). ... Priscillian of Avila (died 385) was a Spanish theologian and the founder of a party which advocated strong asceticism. ...

See also

• Pericope Adulteræ
• The Longer Ending of Mark

The Pericope Adulteræ (Latin pronunciation ; English pronunciation ; Latin for the passage of the adulterous woman) is the name traditionally given to verses 7:53–8:11 of the Gospel of John, which describe the attempted stoning by Pharisees of an accused adulterous woman, and Jesus defense of her. ... Mark 16 is the final chapter of the Gospel of Mark in the New Testament of the Christian Bible. ...

Notes

1. ^ ^{a b c} "An in-depth examination of Trinitarian doctrine", accessed online 16 February 2006.
2. ^ "Fragments of Clemens Alexandrius", section 3, "Comments on the First Epistle of John". Translated by Rev. William Wilson, M.A. Accessed online 18 February 2006.
3. ^ ^{a b c d e f} "Epistles of Saint John", from the Catholic Encyclopedia. Accessed online on 16 February 2006.
4. ^ Metzger, Bruce M. A Textual Commentary on the Greek New Testament, second ed. (Stuttgart, 1993).
5. ^ Wallace, Daniel B. "The Comma Johanneum and Cyprian", accessed online 16 February 2006.
6. ^ ^{a b c d} Mann, Theodore H. "Textual problems in the KJV New Testament" Journal of Biblical Studies 1 (January–March 2001). Accessed online 16 February 2006.
7. ^ ^{a b c} Waltz, Robert. "Textus Receptus" history. Accessed online 17 February 2006.
8. ^ ^{a b} "History of the Printed Text", in New Schaff-Herzog Encyclopedia of Religious Knowledge, Vol. II: Basilica – Chambers, pp. 106 ff. Accessed online 18 February 2006.
9. ^ Metzger, Bruce M. The Text of the New Testament: Its Transmission, Corruption, and Restoration, 2d ed. Oxford University, 1968 p.101
10. ^ Zahoor, A. "Sir Isaac Newton on the Bible". Accessed online 17 February 2006.
11. ^ "Newton's Views on the Corruptions of Scripture and the Church", from the Newton Project. Accessed online 17 February 2006.
12. ^ "Doctrine of the Trinity" from ReligionFacts (2002–4). Accessed online 1 June 2006.
13. ^ Schindler, Marc A. "The Johannine Comma: Bad Translation, Bad Theology". Dialogue: A Journal of Mormon Thought 29, 3 (Fall 1996). Accessed online 1 June 2006.
14. ^ (Latin) "Epistula I Ioannis", Nova Vulgata. Accessed online 2 June 2006.
15. ^ Strouse, Thomas M. "Fundamentalism and the Authorized Version".Accessed online 10 June 2006.

February 16 is the 47th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2006 (MMVI) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ... Clement of Alexandria (Titus Flavius Clemens), was the first member of the Church of Alexandria to be more than a name, and one of its most distinguished teachers. ... is the 49th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2006 (MMVI) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ... This article needs additional references or sources for verification. ... February 16 is the 47th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... Bruce Metzger pictured on the cover of his autobiography Reminiscences of an Octogenarian Bruce Manning Metzger (born 1914) is a professor emeritus at Princeton Theological Seminary and Bible editor who serves on the board of the American Bible Society. ... February 16 is the 47th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2006 (MMVI) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ... February 16 is the 47th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2006 (MMVI) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 48th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 49th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 48th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2006 (MMVI) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 48th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2006 (MMVI) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 152nd day of the year (153rd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ...

External links

• Bible.org: The Textual Problem in 1 John 5:7–8
• Latin Manuscript Evidence Concerning 1 John 5:7-8 (1998) by Gregory S. Neal
• Ancient Manuscript evidence and Pre Lutheran examples of 1 John 5:7-8