NationMaster - Encyclopedia: Command key

The Command key, known as the open-Apple key in documentation previous to the Apple Macintosh family of computers, is a modifier key present on Apple Keyboards. An "extended" Macintosh keyboard—the most common type—has two command keys, one on each side of the space bar. Some compact keyboards have one only on the left. Image File history File links Download high-resolution version (1608x1200, 131 KB) Apple Command key fr:User:Quark67 File links The following pages on the English Wikipedia link to this file (pages on other projects are not listed): Command key Apple keyboard ... Image File history File links Download high-resolution version (1608x1200, 131 KB) Apple Command key fr:User:Quark67 File links The following pages on the English Wikipedia link to this file (pages on other projects are not listed): Command key Apple keyboard ... The first Macintosh computer, introduced in 1984, upgraded to a 512K Fat Mac. The Macintosh or Mac, is a line of personal computers designed, developed, manufactured, and marketed by Apple Computer. ... In computing, a modifier key is a special key on a computer keyboard that modifies the normal action of another key when the two are pressed in combination. ... This article or section does not cite its references or sources. ... A computer keyboard Space bar is a key on an alphanumeric keyboard in the form of a horizontal bar in the lowermost row, significantly wider than other keys. ...

History

Apple's very first computers (up to the 1979 Apple II Plus) did not have any such keys yet. The first model on which it appeared was the 1980 Apple III, where there are two Apple keys, both to the left of the space bar on the lowest row of the keyboard. Two other early Apple computers, the 1982 Apple IIe and the 1984 Apple IIc, also had two such keys, one to the left and one to the right of the space bar; in these models, they mapped to the two different fire buttons of an attached joystick. In all these cases, the left Apple key had an outlined "open" Apple logo, and the one on the right had an opaque "closed" Apple logo. The Apple Lisa had only the closed Apple logo. When the Macintosh was introduced in 1984, the keyboard had a single command key with a symbol reminiscent of a four leaf clover (⌘, U+2318), because Steve Jobs said that showing the Apple logo throughout the menus as a keyboard shortcut was "taking [it] in vain."^[1] The Apple II Plus was the second model of the Apple II series of personal computers produced by Apple Computer. ... The Apple III, an early business machine predating the IBM PC The Apple III with an Apple Monitor //. The Apple III, or Apple /// as it was sometimes styled, was the first completely new computer designed by Apple. ... The Apple IIe was the third model in the Apple II line of personal computers, produced by Apple Computer. ... The Apple IIc, the fourth model in the Apple II series of personal computers, was Apple Computers first endeavor to produce a portable computer. ... Joystick elements: 1. ... The Apple Lisa was a revolutionary personal computer designed at Apple Computer during the early 1980s. ... The first Macintosh computer, introduced in 1984, upgraded to a 512K Fat Mac. The Macintosh or Mac, is a line of personal computers designed, developed, manufactured, and marketed by Apple Computer. ... This article is about the year. ... The Unicode Standard, Version 5. ...

Thus, the ⌘ appears in the Macintosh menus as the primary modifier key symbol.

In 1986, the Apple IIGS was introduced. Like the newer Macintosh computers to come, such as the Macintosh SE, it used the new Apple Desktop Bus for its keyboard and mouse. However, it was still an Apple II. Apple changed the keys on the IIGS's keyboard to Command and Option, as on Mac keyboards, but added an open-Apple to the Command key, for consistency with applications for previous Apple II generations. (The Option key did not have a closed-Apple, probably because Apple II applications used the closed-Apple key much more rarely than the open-Apple key; thus there was less need to keep it around.) Because any ADB keyboard could be used with the IIGS, all of Apple's ADB keyboards—even those intended for the Mac—also required the open-Apple, and it stuck for more than twenty years even when the Apple II series was long out of production. The Apple symbol was removed in the keyboard's 2007 redesign, making room for the key's name to appear. In the US, the keyboard uses now the word "Command"; in Europe, the word used now is "cmd" printed on the key. The removal of the symbol triggered a small storm of online protests by Apple aficionados who felt that a unique design feature of the Macintosh was being dropped without a compelling need. Year 1986 (MCMLXXXVI) was a common year starting on Wednesday (link displays 1986 Gregorian calendar). ... The Apple IIGS, the fifth model inception of the Apple II, was the most powerful member of the Apple II series of personal computers made by Apple Computer. ... The Macintosh SE was a personal computer manufactured by Apple. ... Early ADB device Apple Desktop Bus (or ADB) is an obsolete bit-serial bus for connecting low-speed devices to computers. ... The Option key The Option key, known to latent PC users as Alt key, is a modifier key present on Apple keyboards. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the AD/CE era. ...

Function

The Command key has a single purpose: allowing the user to enter keyboard shortcut commands to GUI applications. The Macintosh Human Interface Guidelines have always recommended that developers use the Command key (and not the Control or Option keys) for this purpose. A small set of shortcuts (such as cut and paste, open and save) are standard across all applications, and many other shortcuts are standardized (Find, Show Fonts). If an application needs more shortcuts than can be obtained with the twenty-six letters of the Latin alphabet, double modifiers such as Command+Option are used. A graphical user interface (or GUI, pronounced gooey) is a method of interacting with a computer through a metaphor of direct manipulation of graphical images and widgets in addition to text. ... The Latin alphabet, also called the Roman alphabet, is the most widely used alphabetic writing system in the world today. ...

One advantage of this scheme, as contrasted with the Microsoft Windows mixed use of the Control and Alt keys, is that the Control key is reserved entirely for its original purpose: entering control characters in terminal applications. (Indeed, the very first Macintosh lacked a Control key; it was soon added to allow compatible terminal software.) Windows redirects here. ... Ctrl redirects here. ... In computing, a control character or non-printing character, is a code point (a number) in a character set that does not in itself represent a written symbol. ... Look up Terminal in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ...

The Macintosh keyboard's other unusual modifier key, the Option key, serves as a modifier both for entering keyboard shortcuts and for typing text—it is used to enter foreign characters, typographical symbols, and other nonstandard characters. The Option key The Option key, known to latent PC users as Alt key, is a modifier key present on Apple keyboards. ...

The ⌘'s origin

The clover symbol is a Saint Hannes cross which is sometimes found in Scandinavia as an ornament on Viking artifacts. It is also similar to a traditional heraldic emblem called a Bowen knot.^[2] However it is more commonly given nicknames such as '"cloverleaf", "splat", "splodge", "butterfly", "squiggle", "beanie", "flower", "cauliflower", "propeller" or "shamrock." Some believe the symbol to be named the "infinite loop", which is also the address for Apple world headquarters: 1 Infinite Loop, Cupertino, CA 95014. Unicode standards documents such as U2300 (Miscellaneous Technical, Range 2300-23FF) call it the Place of Interest Sign. It is used in Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Iceland, Norway and Sweden as a symbol of "sites of historical or touristic interest", for example church ruins, museums, interesting natural formations, and so forth. It is used as a roadsign at such places. Image File history File links 1_9_2_30. ... Image File history File links 1_9_2_30. ... Image File history File links Size of this preview: 600 Ã— 600 pixelsFull resolution (1900 Ã— 1900 pixel, file size: 1. ... Image File history File links Size of this preview: 600 Ã— 600 pixelsFull resolution (1900 Ã— 1900 pixel, file size: 1. ... A Bowen knot. ... Saint Johns Arms, also called the Saint Hannes cross, is an ancient symbol of luck. ... For other uses, see Viking (disambiguation). ... Heraldry is the science and art of describing of coats-of-arms, also referred to as achievements or armorial bearings. ... A Bowen knot. ... Infinite Loop is a street encircling the buildings of Apple Computers headquarters in Cupertino, California. ... The Unicode Standard, Version 5. ...

The ⌘ came into the Macintosh project at a late stage. The development team originally went for their old Apple key, but Steve Jobs found it frustrating when "apples" filled up the Mac's menus next to the key commands.^{[citation needed]} Since Jobs felt that this was an over-use of the company logo, he opted for a different key symbol. With only a few days left before deadline, the team's bitmap artist Susan Kare started researching for the Apple logo's successor. She was browsing through a symbol dictionary when she came across the cloverleaf-like symbol, used in Sweden for "attractions on a campground". When she showed it to the rest of the team, everyone liked it, and so it became the symbol of the 1984 Macintosh command key.^[3] The first Macintosh computer, introduced in 1984, upgraded to a 512K Fat Mac. The Macintosh or Mac, is a line of personal computers designed, developed, manufactured, and marketed by Apple Computer. ... Steven Paul Jobs (born February 24, 1955) is the co-founder and CEO of Apple and was the CEO of Pixar until its acquisition by Disney. ... This article does not cite any references or sources. ... Susan Kare (born 1954) is an artist and graphic designer who created many of the interface elements for the Apple Macintosh in the 1980s. ...

On other keyboards

When a non-Apple designed keyboard is present in the Mac OS X environment the operating system tries to map a similar key to the Command key function. On a keyboard designed for MS Windows, the Windows logo key is mapped to act as the Command key.^[4] On a Sun Microsystems designed keyboard the meta key (◆) maps to the Command key function. Mac OS X (IPA: ) is a line of graphical operating systems developed, marketed, and sold by Apple Inc. ... Microsoft Windows is a range of commercial operating environments for personal computers. ... A Windows key on a black laptop keyboard The Windows key or Windows logo key (in short WinKey, or rarely Flag key) is a keyboard key originally introduced for the Windows 95 operating system. ... Sun Microsystems, Inc. ... The Meta key was a special key on old MIT computer keyboards. ...

References

Year 2006 (MMVI) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 357th day of the year (358th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2005 (MMV) was a common year starting on Saturday (link displays full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 31st day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2006 (MMVI) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 357th day of the year (358th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ...

External links

Categories: All articles with unsourced statements | Articles with unsourced statements since August 2007 | Computer keys | Macintosh platform This article or section does not adequately cite its references or sources. ... This article is about the calculator application bundled with Mac OS X. For the calculator application bundled with Windows, see Microsoft Calculator. ... The Chooser was an application program for Macintosh systems using the original Mac OS. The Chooser started out as a desk accessory and became a standalone application program as of System 7. ... Drive Setup is the default disk formatting tool in Mac OS 7. ... This page relates to Apple software. ... The Finder is the default application program used on the Mac OS and Mac OS X operating systems that is responsible for the overall user-management of files, disks, network volumes and the launching of other applications. ... 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SimpleText is the native text editor for classic Macintosh Operating System. ... MacsBug is a low-level debugger for the Motorola 68000 family of processors specifically for the Apple Macintosh. ... MPW version 3. ... ResEdit version 2. ... The Option key The Option key, known to latent PC users as Alt key, is a modifier key present on Apple keyboards. ... The Apple menu in Mac OS X Tiger. ... Balloon help was a tooltips-type help system introduced by Apple Computer in their System 7 operating system release. ... A Mac OS bomb screen. ... The Appearance control panel in Mac OS 9. ... Mac OS 7. ... A creator code is a mechanism used in pre-Mac OS X versions of the Macintosh operating system to link a data file to the application program which created it, in a manner similar to file extensions in other operating systems. ... Hierarchical File System (HFS), is a file system developed by Apple Computer for use on computers running Mac OS. Originally designed for use on floppy and hard disks, it can also be found on read-only media such as CD-ROMs. ... HFS Plus or HFS+ is a file system developed by Apple Computer to replace their Hierarchical File System (HFS) as the primary file system used on Macintosh computers. ... Keychain is Apple Computers password management system in Mac OS X and Mac OS 9. ... Macintosh File System (MFS) is a volume format (or disk file system) created by Apple Computer for storing files on 400K floppy disks. ... For the ancient tribe that inhabited what is now Scotland, see the Picts. ... Two quickdraws. ... QuickTime is a multimedia framework developed by Apple Inc. ... To meet Wikipedias quality standards, this article or section may require cleanup. ... The Special menu was a feature of Apples Mac OS from its inception until the last release of Classic Mac OS, Mac OS 9. ... 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Universal access to education is the ability of all people to have equal opportunity in education, regardless of their background or physical disabilities. ... VoiceOver is a feature built into Apple Computers Mac OS X v10. ... X11. ... The Option key The Option key, known to latent PC users as Alt key, is a modifier key present on Apple keyboards. ... The Apple menu in Mac OS X Tiger. ... Apple Computer has been attentive to the typefaces used in its marketing, operating systems and industrial design. ... AppleScript is a scripting language devised by Apple, Inc. ... The Aqua GUI in its original version in the Public Beta of Apples Mac OS X operating system. ... The Apple Type Services for Unicode Imaging (ATSUI) is the Mac OS set of services for rendering Unicode-encoded text. ... Audio Units is a plug-in API developed by Apple Computer to add functionality to audio creation and recording software. ... Mac OS X v10. ... Bonjour, formerly Rendezvous, is Apple Inc. ... 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The I/O Kit is an open-source framework in the XNU kernel that helps developers code device drivers for Darwin-enabled operating systems (one popularly known as Apples Mac OS X.) The I/O Kit framework was originally introduced at the release of Mac OS X along with... Linux kernel panic under QEMU. Mac OS X kernel panic alert. ... Keychain is Apple Computers password management system in Mac OS X and Mac OS 9. ... Mach-O, short for Mach object file format, is a file format for executables and object code. ... A Menu extra in Mac OS X is a small icon or sometimes a word that appears at the right of the menu bar. ... Preference Pane icon A Preference Pane (often abbreviated as prefpane) is a special dynamically loaded plugin in Mac OS X. Introduced in Mac OS 10. ... In the Mac OS X Cocoa, NeXTSTEP, and GNUstep programming frameworks, property list files are files that store serialized objects. ... 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The compose key and compose LED on a Sun Type 5, 6 and 7 keyboards is the second-last key on the bottom row The compose key on a DEC LK201 keyboard is the leftmost key on the bottom row On some computer systems, a compose key is a key... In computing, a modifier key is a special key on a computer keyboard that modifies the normal action of another key when the two are pressed in combination. ... Ctrl redirects here. ... The shift key on a modern Windows keyboard The shift key is a modifier key on a keyboard, used to type capital letters and other alternate upper characters. ... The Alt key on a modern Windows keyboard The Alt key on an IBM PC keyboard is the key located immediately to either side of the Space bar, used to change (alternate) the function of other pressed keys. ... The Option key The Option key, known to latent PC users as Alt key, is a modifier key present on Apple keyboards. ... This article or section does not cite its references or sources. ... AltGr is a modifier key on PC keyboards used to type many characters, primarily ones that are unusual for the locale of the keyboard layout, such as foreign currency symbols and accented letters. ... The Meta key was a special key on old MIT computer keyboards. ... This article or section does not cite its references or sources. ... â€œMITâ€ redirects here. ... Sun Microsystems, Inc. ... A Windows key on a black laptop keyboard The Windows key or Windows logo key (in short WinKey, or rarely Flag key) is a keyboard key originally introduced for the Windows 95 operating system. ... The Super key was a special key on the Space-cadet keyboard; today, it is typically identified with the Windows key or Apple logo, although these may also be identified with the Meta key. ... Fn key can also refer to the function keys on a computer keyboard. ... A standard Hebrew keyboard showing both Hebrew and English (QWERTY) letters. ... Lock is a function that locks part of the keyboard keys depending on the lock settings selected. ... Scroll lock is a key (with an associated status light) on most modern computer keyboards. ... Num Lock is a key on the numeric keypad of most keyboards, used to switch that pad between number entry and arrow keys. ... The caps lock on a modern Windows keyboard. ... Arrow keys Arrow keys are buttons on a computer keyboard that move the cursor in a specified direction. ... The page scroll keys among other keys The page scroll keys are two keys commonly found on computer keyboards, the page up key and the page down key. ... The home key among other keys The home key is a key commonly found on computer keyboards. ... The end key among other keys The end key is a key commonly found on computer keyboards. ... Originally, carriage return was the term for the key, lever, or mechanism on a typewriter that would cause the cylinder on which the paper was held (the carriage) to return to the left side of the paper after a line of text had been typed, and would often move it... The enter key (or return key) causes a form or dialog box to operate its default function, which is typically to finish an entry and begin the obviously desired process. ... Backspace is the keyboard key that originally pushed the typewriter head one position backwards, and in modern computer displays moves the cursor one position backwards and deletes the preceding character. ... The insert key among other keys The Insert key (often abbreviated INS) is a key commonly found on computer keyboards. ... The user pressing the delete key on a Macintosh On computer keyboards, the delete key (sometimes shortened Del), should, during normal text editing, discard the character at the cursors position, moving all following characters one position back towards the freed place. ... This article is about the use of the term Tab in computing. ... A computer keyboard Space bar is a key on an alphanumeric keyboard in the form of a horizontal bar in the lowermost row, significantly wider than other keys. ... A 102-key PC US English keyboard layout with the SysRq key outlined in red. ... A 102-key PC US English keyboard layout with the print screen key marked in red. ... Break/Pause key on PC keyboard The break key is a special key on computer keyboards that no longer has a well-defined purpose. ... A computer keyboard. ... In computing, the Menu key is a key found on Windows-oriented computer keyboards. ... It has been suggested that this article or section be merged with Keypad. ... A function key is a key on a computer or terminal keyboard which can be programmed so as to cause an operating system command interpreter or application program to perform certain actions. ... Power management keys placed in the top row, with the keys at that place and below moved down one row. ... Language input keys are keys designed to translate letters entered by users, usually found in Japanese and Korean keyboards, for use with input method editor. ... This article or section does not cite its references or sources. ...

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