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Encyclopedia > Committee on Public Information

The Committee on Public Information, also known as the CPI and the Creel Committee, was intended to influence U.S. public opinion regarding American intervention in World War I. It was established under President SAMI JO Woodrow Wilson as an independent agency by Executive order 2594, April 13, 1917. The committee consisted of George Creel (Chairman) and Secretaries of State (Robert Lansing), War (Lindley M. Garrison), and the Navy (Josephus Daniels) as ex officio members. “The Great War ” redirects here. ... Thomas Woodrow Wilson (December 28, 1856 – February 3, 1924), was the 28th President of the United States. ... Independent agencies of the United States government are those that exist outside of the departments of the executive branch. ... An executive order is an edict issued by a member of the executive branch of a government, usually the head of that branch. ... April 13 is the 103rd day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (104th in leap years). ... 1917 (MCMXVII) was a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar (see link for calendar) or a common year starting on Tuesday of the 13-day slower Julian calendar (see: 1917 Julian calendar). ... George Creel George Creel (December 1, 1876-October 2, 1953) was an investigative journalist, a politician, and most famously the head of the United States Committee on Public Information, a propaganda organization created by President Woodrow Wilson during World War I. Creel began his career as a reporter for the... Seal of the United States Department of State. ... This article is about the former Secretary of State. ... The Secretary of War was a member of the United States Presidents Cabinet, beginning with George Washingtons administration. ... Lindley Miller Garrison (1864-1932) was a New Jersey lawyer who served as Secretary of War under U.S. President Woodrow Wilson between 1913 and 1916. ... Flag of the United States Secretary of the Navy. ... Josephus Daniels Josephus Daniels (18 May 1862–15 January 1948) was an American politician and newspaper publisher from North Carolina, who served as Secretary of the Navy during World War I. A native of Washington, North Carolina, Daniels owned and managed several newspapers before purchasing the Raleigh News and Observer...

Contents

Purpose

The purpose of the CPI was to influence American public opinion toward supporting U.S. intervention in World War I via a vigorous propaganda campaign. Among those who participated in it were Wilson advisers Walter Lippmann and Edward Bernays, the latter of whom had remarked that "the essence of democratic society" was the "engineering of consent", by which propaganda was the necessary method for democracies to promote and garner support for policy. Many have commented that the CPI laid the groundwork for the public relations (PR) industry. The CPI at first used material that was based on fact, but spun it to present an upbeat picture of the American war effort. Very quickly, however, the CPI began churning out raw propaganda picturing Germans as evil monsters. Hollywood movie makers joined in on the propaganda by making movies such as The Claws of the Hun, The Prussian Cur, To Hell With The Kaiser, and The Kaiser, the Beast of Berlin. These titles illustrated the message the CPI tried to convey. CPI pamphlets were created and warned citizens to be on the lookout for German spies. Dozens of "patriotic organizations," with names like the American Protective League and the American Defense Society, sprang up. These groups spied, tapped telephones, and opened mail in an effort to ferret out "spies and traitors." The targets of these groups was anyone who called for peace, questioned the Allies' progress, or criticized the government's policies. They were particularly hard on German Americans, some of whom lost their jobs, and were publicly humiliated by being forced to kiss the American flag, recite the Pledge of Allegiance, or buy war bonds. “The Great War ” redirects here. ... An Australian anti-conscription propaganda poster from World War One U.S. propaganda poster, which warns against civilians sharing information on troop movements (National Archives) The much-imitated 1914 Lord Kitchener Wants You! poster Soviet Propaganda Poster during the Great Patriotic War. ... Walter Lippmann (September 23, 1889 - December 14, 1974) was an influential United States writer, journalist, and political commentator. ... Cover of Bernays 1928 book, Propaganda. ... ... Spies may refer to: Spies (Coldplay), a song by the rock group Coldplay. ... The American Protective League was a World War I-era private organization that worked in conjunction with the Bureau of Investigation to propagandize a pro-war message and to harass and intimidate anti-war citizens and organizations. ... Started in the August of 1915 by Clarence Smedley Thomas, Cushing Stetson, and John F. Hubbard. ... Look up ally in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ... German Americans are citizens of the United States of German ancestry. ... Flag ratio: 7:12; nicknames: Stars and Stripes, Old Glory The flag of the United States of America consists of thirteen equal horizontal stripes of red (top and bottom) alternating with white; there is a blue rectangle in the upper hoist-side corner bearing 50 small, white, five-pointed stars... Students reciting the Pledge at Rafael Weill Elementary School, San Francisco, California, April 20, 1942 prior to Japanese American internment (photo by Dorothea Lange) [1] The Pledge of Allegiance is a promise or oath of allegiance to the United States as represented by its national flag. ... Categories: Stub ...


The committee used newsprint, radio, telegraph, cable and movies to broadcast its message. There was a volunteer services corps, called the Four-minute men whose 75,000 members spoke around the country. The Four-minute men worked in 5,200 communities and gave 755,190 speeches.[1] During its lifetime, the organization had over twenty bureaus and divisions, with commissioner's offices in nine foreign countries.[2] In addition to the Four-minute men both a Films Division and a News Division were established to help get out the war message. What was missing, Creel saw, was a way to reach those Americans who might not read newspapers, attend meetings or watch movies. For this task, Creel created the Division of Pictorial Publicity[3]. Needs to relate to the Committee on Public Information and World War 1. ... Needs to relate to the Committee on Public Information and World War 1. ...


Charles Dana Gibson was America's most popular illustrator - and an ardent supporter of the war. When Creel asked him to assemble a group of artists to help design posters for the government, Gibson was more than eager to help. Famous illustrators such as James Montgomery Flagg, Joseph Pennell and N. C. Wyeth were brought together to produce some of World War I's most lasting images. Charles Dana Gibson (September 14, 1867 _ December 23, 1944) was an American graphic artist, noted for his creation of one of the first pin-up girls, the Gibson Girl. Woman Jurors by Charles Dana Gibson, 1902 He was born in Roxbury, Massachusetts. ... Flaggs famous depiction of Uncle Sam James Montgomery Flagg (June 18, 1877 - May 27, 1960) was a American artist and illustrator. ... Joseph Pennell (July 4, 1857 – April 23, 1926) was an American artist and author. ...


Committee work was curtailed after July 1, 1918. Domestic activities stopped after the Armistice was signed on November 11, 1918. Foreign operations ended June 30, 1919. The CPI was abolished by executive order 3154 on August 21, 1919. July 1 is the 182nd day of the year (183rd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar, with 183 days remaining. ... 1918 (MCMXVIII) was a common year starting on Tuesday of the Gregorian calendar (see link for calendar) or a common year starting on Wednesday of the Julian calendar. ... A white flag is traditionally used to represent a truce. ... November 11 is the 315th day of the year (316th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar, with 50 days remaining. ... 1918 (MCMXVIII) was a common year starting on Tuesday of the Gregorian calendar (see link for calendar) or a common year starting on Wednesday of the Julian calendar. ... June 30 is the 181st day of the year (182nd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar, with 184 days remaining. ... Year 1919 (MCMXIX) was a common year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar). ... August 21 is the 233rd day of the year (234th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1919 (MCMXIX) was a common year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar). ...


Quotations

“ In no degree was the Committee an agency of censorship, a machinery of concealment or repression. Its emphasis throughout was on the open and the positive. At no point did it seek or exercise authorities under those war laws that limited the freedom of speech and press. In all things, from first to last, without halt or change, it was a plain publicity proposition, a vast enterprise in salesmanship, the world's greatest adventures in advertising...We did not call it propaganda, for that word, in German hands, had come to be associated with deceit and corruption. Our effort was educational and informative throughout, for we had such confidence in our case as to feel that no other argument was needed than the simple, straightforward presentation of the facts. --George Creel [4] ”

Creel urged Wilson to create a government agency to coordinate: George Creel George Creel (December 1, 1876-October 2, 1953) was an investigative journalist, a politician, and most famously the head of the United States Committee on Public Information, a propaganda organization created by President Woodrow Wilson during World War I. Creel began his career as a reporter for the...

“ [n]ot propaganda as the Germans defined it, but propaganda in the true sense of the word, meaning the "propagation of faith".--George Creel [5] ”

George Creel George Creel (December 1, 1876-October 2, 1953) was an investigative journalist, a politician, and most famously the head of the United States Committee on Public Information, a propaganda organization created by President Woodrow Wilson during World War I. Creel began his career as a reporter for the...

Notes

  1. ^ Snow, Nancy (2003). Information War American Propaganda, Free Speech and Opinion Control since 9-11. Seven Stories Press. ISBN 1-58322-557-9. p. 52
  2. ^ Jackall, Robert; Janice M Hirota (2003). Image Makers: Advertising, Public Relations, and the Ethos of Advocacy. University of Chicago Press. ISBN 0-226-38917-0.  p. 14
  3. ^ US government. "The Most Famous Poster". Retrieved on 2007-01-2. 
  4. ^ Snow, Nancy (2003). Information War American Propaganda, Free Speech and Opinion Control since 9-11. Seven Stories Press. ISBN 1-58322-557-9.  p. 51 Quoting Creel, George (1920). How We Advertised America. New York: Harper & Brothers.  p. 4-5
  5. ^ Jackall, Robert; Janice M Hirota (2003). Image Makers: Advertising, Public Relations, and the Ethos of Advocacy. University of Chicago Press. ISBN 0-226-38917-0.  p. 13 Information Warfare An Air Force Policy for the Role of Public Affairs. School of Advanced Airpower Studies. Retrieved on 2006-07-03. p. 19 [PDF] Quoting Creel, George (1947). Rebel at Large: Recollections of Fifty Crowded Years. New York: G.P. Putnam's Son's.  p. 158, Jackall states, "Although not explicit, the reference is to the Sacred Congregation for the Propagation of Faith (de propaganda fide) established by Pope Gregory XV (1621-1623) to train priests for battle against the Protestant Reformation and for the conversion of the Heathens."

For the Manfred Mann album, see 2006 (album). ... July 3 is the 184th day of the year (185th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar, with 181 days remaining. ...

External link

  • Records of the Committee on Public Information

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ICANN | ICANN Nominating Committee Extends Deadline for Statements of Interest to 18 May 2007 (332 words)
Those individuals selected by the Nominating Committee will have a unique opportunity to work with accomplished colleagues from around the globe, address intriguing technical coordination problems and related policy development challenges with diverse functional, cultural, and geographic dimensions, and gain valuable insights and experience from working across these boundaries of knowledge, responsibility and perspective.
Information about the 2007 Nominating Committee is available at http://nomcom.icann.org.
Information on the formal call for Statements of Interest is available at http://nomcom.icann.org/formal-call-2007.html.
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