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The Common Object Request Broker Architecture (CORBA) is a standard defined by the Object Management Group (OMG) that enables software components written in multiple computer languages and running on multiple computers to work together. Standardization, in the context related to technologies and industries, is the process of establishing a technical standard among competing entities in a market, where this will bring benefits without hurting competition. ...
Object Management Group (OMG) is a consortium, originally aimed at setting standards for distributed object-oriented systems, and is now focused on modeling (programs, systems and business processes) and model-based standards in some 20 vertical markets. ...
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A programming language is an artificial language that can be used to control the behavior of a machine, particularly a computer. ...
General overview CORBA is a mechanism for normalizing the method-call semantics between application objects that reside either in the same address space (application) or remote address space (same host, or remote host on a network).
CORBA uses an interface definition language (IDL) to specify the interfaces that objects will present to the outside world. CORBA then specifies a “mapping” from IDL to a specific implementation language like C++ or Java. Standard mappings exist for Ada, C, C++, Lisp, Smalltalk, Java, COBOL, PL/I and Python. There are also non-standard mappings for Perl, Visual Basic, Ruby, Erlang, and Tcl implemented by ORBs written for those languages. An interface description language, (alternatively interface definition language) (IDL), is a computer language or simple syntax for describing the interface of a software component. ...
C++ (pronounced see plus plus, IPA: ) is a general-purpose programming language with high-level and low-level capabilities. ...
“Java language†redirects here. ...
Ada is a structured, statically typed imperative computer programming language designed by a team led by Jean Ichbiah of CII Honeywell Bull during 1977–1983. ...
The C Programming Language, Brian Kernighan and Dennis Ritchie, the original edition that served for many years as an informal specification of the language The C programming language is a low_level standardized programming language developed in the early 1970s by Ken Thompson and Dennis Ritchie for use on the UNIX...
C++ (pronounced see plus plus, IPA: ) is a general-purpose programming language with high-level and low-level capabilities. ...
Lisp is a family of computer programming languages with a long history and a distinctive fully-parenthesized syntax. ...
For other uses, see Small talk. ...
“Java language†redirects here. ...
COBOL is a third-generation programming language. ...
PL/I (Programming Language One, pronounced pee el one) is a computer programming language designed for scientific, engineering, and business applications. ...
Python is a high-level programming language first released by Guido van Rossum in 1991. ...
Wikibooks has a book on the topic of Perl Programming Perl is a dynamic programming language created by Larry Wall and first released in 1987. ...
This article is about the Visual Basic language shipping with Microsoft Visual Studio 6. ...
Ruby is a reflective, dynamic, object-oriented programming language. ...
Erlang is a general-purpose concurrent programming language and runtime system. ...
Tcl (originally from Tool Command Language, but nonetheless conventionally rendered as Tcl rather than TCL; and pronounced tickle) is a scripting language created by John Ousterhout. ...
In distributed computing, an object request broker (ORB) is a piece of middleware software that allows programmers to make program calls from one computer to another, via a network. ...
The CORBA specification dictates that there shall be an ORB through which the application interacts with other objects. In practice, the application simply initializes the ORB, and accesses an internal Object Adapter which maintains such issues as reference counting, object (& reference) instantiation policies, object lifetime policies, etc. The Object Adapter is used to register instances of the generated code classes. Generated Code Classes are the result of compiling the user IDL code which translates the high-level interface definition into an OS- and language-specific class base for use by the user application. This step is necessary in order to enforce the CORBA semantics and provide a clean user processes for interfacing with the CORBA infrastructure.
Some IDL language mappings are more hostile than others. For example, due to the very nature of Java, the IDL-Java Mapping is rather trivial and makes usage of CORBA very simple in a Java application. The C++ mapping is not trivial but accounts for all the features of CORBA, i.e. exception handling. The C-mapping is even more strange (since it's not an OO language) but it does make sense and handles the RPC semantics just fine. (Red Hat Linux delivers with the GNOME UI system, which has its IPC built on CORBA)
This diagram illustrates how the generated code is used within the CORBA infrastructure:
(NOTE TO AUTHOR: skeletons go between the ORB and Impl) Image File history File links Corba_Server. ...
This picture does not reflect all typically used possibilities. Normally the server side has the Portable Object Adapter (POA) that redirects calls either to the local servants or (to balance the load) to the other servers. Also, both server and client parts often have interceptors that are described below. Portable Object Adapter (POA) - The CORBA object, responsible for the splitting the server side remote invocation handler into the remote Object and its Servant. ...
Servant (CORBA) - the invocation target, containing methods for handling the remote method invocations. ...
In addition to providing users with a language and a platform-neutral remote procedure call specification, CORBA defines commonly needed services such as transactions and security, events, time, and other domain-specific interface models. Remote procedure call (RPC) is a protocol that allows a computer program running on one computer to cause a subroutine on another computer to be executed without the programmer explicitly coding the details for this interaction. ...
Key features
Objects By Reference Objects are used in an application "by reference". This reference is either acquired though a "stringified" URI string, NameService lookup (similar to DNS), or passed-in as a method parameter during a call.
Object references are "lightweight" objects matching the interface of the "real object" (remote or local). Method calls on the reference result in subsequent calls to the ORB and blocking on the thread while waiting for a reply, success or failure. The parameters, return data (if any) , and exception data (if any) are marshaled internally by the ORB according the local language/OS mapping.
Data By Value The CORBA Interface Definition Language provides the language/OS-neutral inter-object communication definition. CORBA Objects are passed by reference, while data (integers, doubles, structs, enums, etc) are passed by value. The combination of Objects by reference and data-by-value provides the means to enforce strong data typing while compiling clients and servers, yet preserve the flexibility inherent in the CORBA problem-space.
Objects by Value (OBV) Apart from remote objects, the CORBA and RMI-IIOP define the concept of the OBV. The code inside the methods of these objects is executed locally by default. If the OBV has been received from the remote side, the needed code must be either a priori known for both sides or dynamically downloaded from the sender. To make this possible, the record, defining OBV, contains the Code Base that is a space separated list of URLs from where this code should be downloaded. The OBV can also have the remote methods. RMI-IIOP (read RMI over IIOP) denotes the Java RMI interface over the CORBA system. ...
A priori is originally a Latin phrase meaning from the former or from what comes before. However, several different uses of the term have developed in English: A priori (law) - adj. ...
A Uniform Resource Locator, URL (spelled out as an acronym, not pronounced as earl), or Web address, is a standardized address name layout for resources (such as documents or images) on the Internet (or elsewhere). ...
The OBV's may have fields that are transferred when the OBV is transferred. These fields can be OBV's themselves, forming lists, trees or arbitrary graphs. The OBV's have a class hierarchy, including multiple inheritance and abstract classes.
CORBA Component Model (CCM) CORBA Component Model (CCM) is an addition to the family of CORBA definitions. It was introduced with CORBA 3 and it describes a standard application framework for CORBA components. Though not dependent on "language independent Enterprise Java Beans (EJB)", it is a more general form of EJB, providing 4 component types instead of the 2 that EJB defines. It provides an abstraction of entities that can provide and accept services through well-defined named interfaces called ports. The Enterprise Java Beans specification is one of the several Java APIs in the Java 2 Platform, Enterprise Edition. ...
The CCM has a component container, where software components can be deployed. The container offers a set of services that the components can use. These services include (but are not limited to) notification, authentication, persistence and transaction management. These are the most-used services any distributed system requires, and, by moving the implementation of these services from the software components to the component container, the complexity of the components is dramatically reduced.
External links The specific definition of the elements that define and/or prescribe what a system is composed of. ...
Portable interceptors Portable interceptors are the "hooks", used by CORBA and RMI-IIOP to mediate the most important functions of the CORBA system. The CORBA standard defines the following types of interceptors: In computing, Common Object Request Broker Architecture (CORBA) is a standard for software componentry, created and controlled by the Object Management Group (OMG). ...
RMI-IIOP (read RMI over IIOP) denotes the Java RMI interface over the CORBA system. ...
- IOR interceptors mediate the creation of the new references to the remote objects, presented by the current server.
- Client interceptors usually mediate the remote method calls on the client (caller) side. If the object Servant (CORBA) exists on the same server where the method is invoked, they also mediate the local calls.
- Server interceptors mediate the handling of the remote method calls on the server (handler) side.
The interceptors can attach the specific information to the messages being sent and IORs being created. This information can be later read by the corresponding interceptor on the remote side. Interceptors can also throw forwarding exceptions, redirecting request to another target. In distributed computing, an Interoperable Object Reference (IOR) is a reference to a CORBA or RMI-IIOP object. ...
Servant (CORBA) - the invocation target, containing methods for handling the remote method invocations. ...
General InterORB Protocol (GIOP) -
The GIOP is an abstract protocol by which Object request brokers (ORBs) communicate. Standards associated with the protocol are maintained by the Object Management Group (OMG.). The GIOP architecture provides several concrete protocols: In distributed computing, GIOP (General Inter-ORB Protocol) is the abstract protocol by which Object request brokers (ORBs) communicate. ...
In distributed computing, GIOP (General Inter-ORB Protocol) is the abstract protocol by which Object request brokers (ORBs) communicate. ...
In distributed computing, an object request broker (ORB) is a piece of middleware software that allows programmers to make program calls from one computer to another, via a network. ...
Object Management Group (OMG) is a consortium, originally aimed at setting standards for distributed object-oriented systems, and is now focused on modeling (programs, systems and business processes) and model-based standards in some 20 vertical markets. ...
- Internet InterORB Protocol (IIOP) - The Internet Inter-Orb Protocol, is a protocol for communication between CORBA ORBs that has been published by the Object Management Group. IIOP is an implementation of the GIOP for use over an internet, and provides a mapping between GIOP messages and the TCP/IP layer.
- SSL InterORB Protocol (SSLIOP) - SSLIOP is IIOP over SSL, providing encryption and authentication.
- HyperText InterORB Protocol (HTIOP) - HTIOP is IIOP over HTTP, providing transparent proxy bypassing.
- and many more...
For other senses of this word, see protocol. ...
The Internet protocol suite is the set of communications protocols that implement the protocol stack on which the Internet and most commercial networks run. ...
Secure Sockets Layer (SSL) and Transport Layer Security (TLS), its successor, are cryptographic protocols which provide secure communications on the Internet. ...
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Authentication (from Greek αυθεντικός; real or genuine, from authentes; author) is the act of establishing or confirming something (or someone) as authentic, that is, that claims made by or about the thing are true. ...
HTTP (for HyperText Transfer Protocol) is the primary method used to convey information on the World Wide Web. ...
Data Distribution Service (DDS) The Object Management Group (OMG) has a related standard known as the Data Distribution Service (DDS) standard. DDS is a publish-subscribe data distribution model, in contrast to the CORBA remotely-invoked object model. Object Management Group (OMG) is a consortium, originally aimed at setting standards for distributed object-oriented systems, and is now focused on modeling (programs, systems and business processes) and model-based standards in some 20 vertical markets. ...
Data Distribution Service for Real-time Systems (DDS) is a specification of a publish/subscribe middleware for distributed systems created in response to the need to augment CORBA with a data-centric publish-subscribe specification. ...
VMCID (Vendor Minor Codeset ID) Each standard CORBA exception includes a minor code to designate the subcategory of the exception. Minor exception codes are of type unsigned long and consist of a 20-bit “Vendor Minor Codeset ID” (VMCID), which occupies the high order 20 bits, and the minor code which occupies the low order 12 bits.
Minor codes for the standard exceptions are prefaced by the VMCID assigned to OMG, defined as the unsigned long constant CORBA::OMGVMCID, which has the VMCID allocated to OMG occupying the high order 20 bits. The minor exception codes associated with the standard exceptions that are found in Table 3-13 on page 3-58 are or-ed with OMGVMCID to get the minor code value that is returned in the ex_body structure (see Section 3.17.1, “Standard Exception Definitions,” on page 3-52 and Section 3.17.2, “Standard Minor Exception Codes,” on page 3-58).
Within a vendor assigned space, the assignment of values to minor codes is left to the vendor. Vendors may request allocation of VMCIDs by sending email to tagrequest@omg.org.
The VMCID 0 and 0xfffff are reserved for experimental use. The VMCID OMGVMCID (Section 3.17.1, “Standard Exception Definitions,” on page 3-52) and 1 through 0xf are reserved for OMG use.
The Common Object Request Broker: Architecture and Specification (CORBA 2.3)
Corba Location CorbaLoc means Corba Location and refers to a stringified object reference for a CORBA object that looks similar to a URL.
All CORBA products must support two OMG-defined URLs: "corbaloc:" and "corbaname:". The purpose of these is to provide a human readable/editable way to specify a location where an IOR can be obtained.
An example of corbaloc is shown below:
- corbaloc::160.45.110.41:38693/StandardNS/NameServer-POA/_root
A CORBA product may optionally support the "http:", "ftp:" and "file:" formats. The semantics of these is that they provide details of how to download a stringified IOR (or, recursively, download another URL that will eventually provide a stringified IOR).
External links
Benefits - The Problem That CORBA Solves CORBA brings to the table many benefits that no other single technology brings in one package. These benefits include language- and OS-independence, freedom from technology-linked implementations, strong data-typing, high level of tunability, and freedom from the details of distributed data transfers.
Language Independence CORBA at the outset was designed to free engineers from the hang-ups and limitations of considering their designs based on a particular software language. Currently there are many languages supported by various CORBA providers, the most popular are Java and C++. There are also C-only, SmallTalk, Perl, Ada, and Python implementations, just to mention a few.
OS Independence CORBA's design is also meant to be OS-independent. CORBA is available in Java (of course also OS-independent), Linux/Unix, Windows, Sun, Mac, etc.
Freedom from Technologies One of the main implicit benefits is that CORBA provides a neutral playing field for engineers to be able to normalize the interfaces between various new and legacy systems. When integrating C/C++, Java, Fortran, Python, and any other language/OS in to a single cohesive system design model, CORBA provides the means to level the field and allow disparate teams to develop systems and unit tests that can later be joined together into a whole system. Of course this does not rule out the need for basic system engineering decisions, such as threading, timing, object lifetime, etc. (These issues are part of any system regardless of technology) But the main issue is to allow system elements to be normalized into a single cohesive system model.
For example, the design of a Multitier architecture is made simple using Java Servlets in the web server and various CORBA servers containing the business logic and wrapping the database accesses. This allows the IMPLEMENTATIONS of the business logic to change (obviously the interface changes would need to be handled as in any other technology). For example, a database wrapped by a server can have its database schema change for the sake of improved disk usage or performance (or even whole-scale database vendor change) without affecting the external interfaces. At the same time, C++ legacy codes can talk to C/Fortran legacy codes and Java database codes, and can provide data to the web interface. In software engineering, multi-tier architecture (often referred to as n-tier architecture) is a client-server architecture, originally designed by Jonathon Bolster of Hematites Corp, in which an application is executed by more than one distinct software agent. ...
Strong Data Typing CORBA provides flexible data typing (for example an "ANY" type) but also it enforces tightly coupled data-typing, reducing human errors. In a situation where Name-Value pairs are passed around, it's conceivable that a server provides a number where a string was expected. CORBA Interface Definition Language provides the mechanism to ensure that user-code "conforms" not only to the method-names, but also the return-, parameter-types, and exceptions.
High Tune-ability There are many implementations available (for example: OmniORB, Open source C++ and Python implementation) that have many options for tuning the threading and connection management features. Of course not all implementations have the same features. (That's not CORBA's fault, it's the implementor's responsibility)
Freedom From Data Transfer Details While handling the low-level connection and threading semantics, CORBA also provides for a high-level of detail about "when things go wrong" with a method-call. This is defined in the CORBA-defined standard exception set, and the implementation-specific extended exceptions. Through the exceptions, the application can determine whether a call failed for a "small problem, so try again" or "the server is dead", or "the reference doesn't make sense." The general rule is: "no exception means method call is guaranteed." This is a very powerful design feature.
Problems and criticism While CORBA promises to deliver much in the way code is written and software constructed, it was much criticized during its history, and some implementations have failed to deliver some of its features.[1][citation needed] Some of its failures are due to the implementations and the process by which CORBA was created as a standard, others reflect problems in the politics and business of implementing a software standard. These problems, unfortunately, have led to a significant decline in CORBA use and adoption in new projects and areas, and have caused the technology to be "replaced" by Java-centric technologies. [verification needed]
[2]
Fundamental flaws CORBA's notion of location transparency has been criticized; that is, that objects residing in the same address space and accessible with a simple function call are treated the same as objects residing elsewhere (different processes on the same machine, or different machines). This notion is flawed if one requires that all local accesses be as complex as the most complex remote scenario. However CORBA does not place a restriction on the complexity of the calls. Many implementations provided for recursive thread/connection semantics (i.e. Obj A calls B, which then calls A back before returning the A) In computing, an address space defines a range of discrete addresses, each of which may correspond to a physical or virtual memory register, a network host, peripheral device, disk sector or other logical or physical entity. ...
In computer science, a subroutine (function, procedure, or subprogram) is a sequence of code which performs a specific task, as part of a larger program, and is grouped as one or more statement blocks; such code is sometimes collected into software libraries. ...
Design and process deficiencies The creation of the CORBA standard is also often cited for its process of design by committee. There is no process to arbitrate between conflicting proposals, or to decide on the hierarchy of problems to tackle. Thus the standard was often created by taking a union of features in all proposals, with no regard to their coherence.[3] This made the specification very complex, prohibitively expensive (if at all possible) to implement entirely, and often ambiguous. However this is a political issue and should not detract from the technical merit of how CORBA solves the problem is does that no other technology can solve. Design by committee is a wry, derogatory term referring to the style of design that sometimes results when a group of entities comes together to produce something, particularly in the absence of good leadership - roughly equivalent to the age-old expression, too many cooks spoil the broth. Its defining characteristics...
Also a design committee composed largely of vendors of the standard implementation creates a disincentive to a comprehensive standard, because standards and interoperability increase competition and ease customers' movement between alternative implementations. This leads to much political fighting within the committee, and frequently release of revisions of the CORBA standard that are impossible to use without proprietary extensions.[1] However since CORBA has "slid under the radar" current implementations now do deliver the interoperability not provided by other technologies.
Problems with implementations Through its history (like any other standards-process), CORBA was plagued by shortcomings of its implementations. Often, there were few implementations matching all of the critical elements of the specification,[3] and existing implementations were incomplete or inadequate. As there is no requirement to provide a reference implementation, members are free to propose features which were never tested for usefulness or implementability. Implementations are further hindered by the general tendency of the standard to be verbose, and the common practice of setting compromise as a sum of all submitted proposals, which often creates APIs that are incoherent, quirky or even impossible to use, even if the individual proposals were perfectly reasonable.[citation needed]
Working implementations of CORBA had been very difficult to acquire in the past, but are now much easier to find. (The Java SDK comes with CORBA already.) Some poorly designed implementations had been found to be complex, slow, incompatible and incomplete. Commerical version can be very expensive. This changed significantly as commercial-, hobbyest-, and government-funded high quality free implementations became available.
Perhaps the main reason "CORBA has fallen out of favor" was the advent of Java soon after CORBA's introduction. Of course CORBA attempted a goal of tall-order. Java was definitely able to cover the issues but only if your entire system is in Java. But this is not the case for integrating legacy systems with new system elements, or developing new high-performance C++/Fortran codes. Since Java has been the "hot item", new systems could be developed in Java alone, and thus RMI/J2EE could be used exclusively. In that case, perhaps CORBA is not necessary. But not all systems are all-Java, and CORBA implementations have continued to be developed that surpass the limitations placed on all-Java systems.
Refs IEEE paper comparing CORBA and SOAP
CORBA in the Commercial World ...In Health Care Industry
Notes - ^ a b Trouble with CORBA An historical essay, outlining some of the problems that eventually allowed Java's popularity to over-shadow the problem CORBA was trying to solve
- ^ Response to the Rise and Fall of CORBA, the other side of the story
- ^ a b
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C++ (pronounced see plus plus, IPA: ) is a general-purpose programming language with high-level and low-level capabilities. ...
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C++ (pronounced see plus plus, IPA: ) is a general-purpose programming language with high-level and low-level capabilities. ...
from wikibooks File links The following pages link to this file: CORBA Talk:CORBA User:MaxPower User:Peregrine981/Testing User:SimonP/Geography Wikipedia:WikiProject Countering systemic bias/Geography Wikipedia:WikiProject Countering systemic bias/Politics Wikipedia:WikiProject Countering systemic bias/History Wikipedia:WikiProject Countering systemic bias/Art and Design Wikipedia:Danish...
GNU logo The GNU Lesser General Public License (formerly the GNU Library General Public License) is a free software license published by the Free Software Foundation. ...
This article is about the Visual Basic language shipping with Microsoft Visual Studio 6. ...
Ruby is a reflective, dynamic, object-oriented programming language. ...
OMG trademarks CORBA, IIOP and OMG are the registered marks of the Object Management Group and should be used with care. Differently, the GIOP is not a registered OMG trademark. Hence in some cases may be more appropriate just to say that the application uses or implements the GIOP-based architecture. IIOP, the Internet Inter-Orb Protocol, is a protocol for communication between CORBA ORBs that has been published by the Object Management Group. ...
Look up OMG in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ...
In distributed computing, GIOP (General Inter-ORB Protocol) is the abstract protocol by which Object request brokers (ORBs) communicate. ...
See also Image File history File links Wikibooks-logo-en. ...
Remote procedure call (RPC) is a protocol that allows a computer program running on one computer to cause a subroutine on another computer to be executed without the programmer explicitly coding the details for this interaction. ...
It has been suggested that this article or section be merged with Component-based software engineering. ...
Service-oriented Architecture (SOA) is an evolution of distributed computing and modular programming. ...
A typical implementation model of Java-RMI using Stub and Skeleton objects. ...
The W3C defines a Web service (many sources also capitalize the second word, as in Web Services) as a software system designed to support interoperable Machine to Machine interaction over a network. ...
Distributed computing is a method of computer processing in which different parts of a program run simultaneously on two or more computers that are communicating with each other over a network. ...
Servant (CORBA) - the invocation target, containing methods for handling the remote method invocations. ...
Etherealization is a term coined by Buckminster Fuller in 1938, in reference to the trend of physical nature towards informational abstraction. ...
In the general context of CORBA objects and servants, incarnation is the act of associating a servant with a CORBA object so that it may service requests. ...
Java 2 Platform, Enterprise Edition or Java EE (formerly also J2EE) is a programming platform – part of the Java platform – for developing and running distributed multi-tier architecture applications, based largely on modular components running on an application server. ...
This article is about the mythical creature. ...
Bonobo is a component model for compound documents used in GNOME, a desktop environment. ...
KDE (K Desktop Environment) (IPA: ) is a free software project which aims to be a powerful system for an easy-to-use desktop environment. ...
In computer programming, KParts is the name of the component framework for the KDE desktop environment. ...
The Internet Communications Engine, or Ice, is a Remote Procedure Call and object middleware system developed by ZeroC and dual-licensed under the GNU GPL and a proprietary license. ...
The OpenAIR Logo OpenAIR is a message routing and communication protocol for A.I. systems that has been gaining in popularity in recent years. ...
References - The official CORBA standard from the OMG group (direct download, .pdf, about 10 Mb).
- Robert Orfali: The Essential Client/Server Survival Guide, John Wiley & Sons, ISBN 0-471-15325-7
- Robert Orfali, Dan Harkey, Jeri Edwards: The Essential Distributed Objects Survival Guide, John Wiley & Sons, ISBN 0-471-12993-3
- Robert Orfali, Dan Harkey: Client/Server Programming with JAVA and CORBA, John Wiley & Sons, ISBN 0-471-24578-X
- Dirk Slama, Jason Garbis, Perry Russell: Enterprise CORBA, Prentice Hall, ISBN 0-13-083963-9
- Michi Henning, Steve Vinoski: Advanced CORBA Programming with C++, Addison-Wesley, ISBN 0-201-37927-9
- Axel Korthaus, Martin Schader, Markus Aleksy: Implementing Distributed Systems with Java and CORBA, Springer, ISBN 3-540-24173-6
- Fintan Bolton: Pure Corba, Sams Publishing, ISBN 0-672-31812-1
- Jon Siegel: CORBA 3 - Fundamentals and Programming, John Wiley & Sons, ISBN 0-471-29518-3
- Ron Zahavi: Enterprise Application Integration with CORBA: Component and Web-Based Solutions, John Wiley & Sons, ISBN 0-471-32720-4
- Bret Hartman, Konstantin Beznosov, Steve Vinoski, Donald Flinn: Enterprise Security with EJB and CORBA, John Wiley & Sons, ISBN 0-471-40131-5
- Thomas J. Mowbray, Ron Zahavi: The Essential Corba: System Integration Using Distributed Objects, John Wiley & Sons, ISBN 0-471-10611-9
- Michael Rosen, David Curtis: Integrating CORBA and COM Applications, John Wiley & Sons, ISBN 0-471-19827-7
- Gerald Brose, Andreas Vogel, Keith Duddy: Java Programming with CORBA, John Wiley & Sons, ISBN 0-471-37681-7
- John Schettino, Robin S. Hohman, Liz O'Hara: CORBA For Dummies, Hungry Minds, ISBN 0-7645-0308-1
- Jeremy L. Rosenberger: Teach Yourself CORBA in 14 Days, Sams Publishing, ISBN 0-672-31208-5
- Jon Siegel: Quick CORBA 3, John Wiley & Sons, ISBN 0-471-38935-8
- Thomas J. Mowbray, Raphael C. Malveau: CORBA Design Patterns, John Wiley & Sons, ISBN 0-471-15882-8
- Robert Orfali, Dan Harkey, Jeri Edwards: Instant CORBA, John Wiley & Sons, ISBN 0-471-18333-4
- Paul Harmon, William Morrissey: The Object Technology Casebook, John Wiley & Sons, ISBN 0-471-14717-6
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