Common Raccoon (or Racoon)
Conservation status
Least concern
Scientific classification
Kingdom: Animalia Phylum: Chordata Class: Mammalia Order: Carnivora Family: Procyonidae Genus: Procyon Species: P. lotor
Binomial name
Procyon lotor (Linnaeus, 1758)
Common Raccoon native range in red, feral range in blue.
Synonyms
Ursus lotor Linnaeus, 1758 Image File history File linksMetadata Size of this preview: 799 × 600 pixel Image in higher resolution (1254 × 941 pixel, file size: 462 KB, MIME type: image/jpeg) Common raccoon, Birch State Park, Fort Lauderdale Florida, 3 September 2006. ... The conservation status of a species is an indicator of the likelihood of that species continuing to survive either in the present day or the future. ... Image File history File links Status_iucn2. ... Least Concern (LC) is an IUCN category assigned to extant species or lower taxa which have been evaluated but do not qualify for any other category. ... Scientific classification or biological classification is a method by which biologists group and categorize species of organisms. ... For other uses, see Animal (disambiguation). ... Typical Classes See below Chordates (phylum Chordata) are a group of animals that includes the vertebrates, together with several closely related invertebrates. ... Subclasses & Infraclasses Subclass †Allotheria* Subclass Prototheria Subclass Theria Infraclass †Trituberculata Infraclass Metatheria Infraclass Eutheria Mammals (class Mammalia) are warm-blooded, vertebrate animals characterized by the production of milk in female mammary glands and by the presence of: hair, three middle ear bones used in hearing, and a neocortex region in... Families 17, See classification The diverse order Carnivora (IPA: or ; from Latin carō (stem carn-) flesh, + vorāre to devour) includes over 260 species of placental mammals. ... Genera Procyon Nasua Cyonasua - extinct Chapalmalania - extinct Nasuella Bassariscus Bassaricyon Potos Procyonidae is a family of carnivores which includes the raccoons, coatis and others. ... Type species Procyon lotor Linnaeus, 1758 Species Procyon cancrivorus Procyon insularis Procyon lotor Skull of a raccoon, showing dentition. ... This article does not cite any references or sources. ... Carl Linnaeus, Latinized as Carolus Linnaeus, also known after his ennoblement as  , (May 23, 1707[1] – January 10, 1778), was a Swedish botanist, physician and zoologist[2] who laid the foundations for the modern scheme of nomenclature. ... 1758 was a common year starting on Sunday (see link for calendar). ... Image File history File links Size of this preview: 800 × 370 pixel Image in higher resolution (1357 × 628 pixel, file size: 20 KB, MIME type: image/png) Other versions Image:Waschbärpopulation. ... In scientific nomenclature, synonyms are different scientific names used for a single taxon. ... A painting of Carolus Linnaeus Carl Linnaeus, also known after his ennoblement as Carl von Linné, and who wrote under the Latinized name Carolus Linnaeus (May 23, 1707 – January 10, 1778), was a Swedish scientist who laid the foundations for the modern scheme of taxonomy. ...

The Common Raccoon (Procyon lotor), also known as the Northern Raccoon, Raccoon, or Coon, is a widespread, medium-sized, omnivorous mammal native to North America. North America North America is a continent[1] in the Earths northern hemisphere and (chiefly) western hemisphere. ...

Since the 20^th century, raccoons have also become widespread on the European mainland and in the Caucasus region, after having escaped from fur farms^[1][2]. Raccoons usually live together in small, loose groups. Their original habitats are mixed or deciduous forests, but due to their adaptability, they are often found in urban areas where they can be considered pests at times. Type species Procyon lotor Linnaeus, 1758 Species Procyon cancrivorus Procyon insularis Procyon lotor Skull of a raccoon, showing dentition. ... World map showing the location of Europe. ... It has been suggested that this article or section be merged with Caucasus Mountains. ... This article or section does not cite its references or sources. ... Temperate mixed forest in Yunnan, southwest China. ... Deciduous means temporary or tending to fall off (deriving from the Latin word decidere, to fall off) and is typically used in reference to trees or shrubs that lose their leaves seasonally. ... A forest is an area with a high density of trees (or, historically, a wooded area set aside for hunting). ... Crowded Shibuya, Tokyo shopping district An urban area is an area with an increased density of human-created structures in comparison to the areas surrounding it. ... Carpet beetle larvae damaging a specimen of Sceliphron destillatorius in an entomological collection A pest is an organism which has characteristics that are regarded as injurious or unwanted. ...

At one time, raccoons were aggressively trapped for their fur. Populations suffered greatly but have recovered. In popular culture, American frontiersmen such as Daniel Boone and Davy Crockett were often portrayed wearing coonskin caps. Historians believe, however, that it is unlikely that either of them actually wore such caps. This 1820 oil painting by Chester Harding is the only portrait of Daniel Boone made from life. ... Colonel David Crockett (August 17, 1786 – March 6, 1836) was a celebrated 19th-century American folk hero, frontiersman, soldier and politician; usually referred to as Davy Crockett and by the popular title King of the Wild Frontier. He represented Tennessee in the U.S. House of Representatives, served in the... modern coonskin cap Fess Parker portraying Davy Crockett wearing a traditional coonskin cap A Coonskin Cap is quite literally a cap fashioned from the skin and fur of a raccoon. ...

Appearance

A raccoon in a tree at night.

Adult weights vary with habitat and range and can range from 3 to 16 kg (6.6 to 35 pounds) and measure 60 to 90 cm (24 to 36 in) along the body, minus the 25 cm/10 in tail. The smallest races of those found in Southern Florida, while those near the Northern limits of the raccoon's range tend to be the largest. The largest recorded raccoon was over 28 kg (61 pounds), by far the largest size recorded for a family member of the Procyonidae^[3]. They have black facial colorings around the eyes, and have a bushy tail with light and dark alternating rings. The coat is a mixture of gray, brown, and black fur. On rare occasions, raccoons may be albino. Currently there is a search under way to validate sightings of half albino raccoons. These sightings have occurred in Indiana, specifically the West Lafayette region. The dark patches around the eyes, perhaps the raccoon's most prominent trait, are reminiscent of a "bandit's mask," which has enhanced its reputation for mischief, vandalism, and thievery. Image File history File links Size of this preview: 800 × 600 pixelsFull resolution (880 × 660 pixel, file size: 306 KB, MIME type: image/jpeg) A picture of a raccoon in a tree, taken in California, USA. I, the copyright holder of this work, hereby grant the permission to copy, distribute... Image File history File links Size of this preview: 800 × 600 pixelsFull resolution (880 × 660 pixel, file size: 306 KB, MIME type: image/jpeg) A picture of a raccoon in a tree, taken in California, USA. I, the copyright holder of this work, hereby grant the permission to copy, distribute... Official language(s) English Capital Tallahassee Largest city Jacksonville Largest metro area South Florida Area  Ranked 22nd  - Total 65,795[1] sq mi (170,304[1] km²)  - Width 361 miles (582 km)  - Length 447 miles (721 km)  - % water 17. ... Genera Procyon Nasua Cyonasua - extinct Chapalmalania - extinct Nasuella Bassariscus Bassaricyon Potos Procyonidae is a family of carnivores which includes the raccoons, coatis and others. ... Albinism (from Latin albus; extended etymology), more technically hypomelanism or hypomelanosis, is a form of hypopigmentary congenital disorder, characterized by a lack of melanin pigment in the eyes, skin and hair (or more rarely the eyes alone). ... Official language(s) English Capital Indianapolis Largest city Indianapolis Area  Ranked 38th  - Total 36,418 sq mi (94,321 km²)  - Width 140 miles (225 km)  - Length 270 miles (435 km)  - % water 1. ... Chauncey Village area of West Lafayette West Lafayette (IPA: ) is a city in Tippecanoe County, Indiana, United States, 65 miles (105km) northwest of Indianapolis. ...

Raccoons have 40 teeth, which are adapted to an omnivorous lifestyle. The chewing surface is not as wide as for herbivores, but the teeth are not as sharp and pointed as those of a carnivore. Omnivores are organisms that consume both plants and animals. ... A deer and two fawns feeding on some foliage A herbivore is often defined as any organism that eats only plants[1]. By that definition, many fungi, some bacteria, many animals, about 1% of flowering plants and some protists can be considered herbivores. ... This tigers sharp teeth and strong jaws are the classical physical traits expected from carnivorous mammalian predators A carnivore (IPA: ), meaning meat eater (Latin carne meaning flesh and vorare meaning to devour), is an animal that eats a diet consisting mainly of meat, whether it comes from live animals...

Behavior

A skunk and raccoon share cat morsels in a Hollywood back yard

Raccoons are omnivorous, consuming a varied diet that includes berries, insects, eggs and small mammals, mainly rodents if they find any, but more often scavenge. Raccoons sometimes wash, or douse, their food in water before eating it. It is not known why raccoons perform dousing, but cleaning food is unlikely to be the reason. Studies have found that raccoons engage in dousing motions when water is unavailable; researchers note that captive raccoons are more likely than wild raccoons to douse food. It has been suggested that captive raccoons are mimicking fishing and shellfish-foraging behaviors. It may also be that the raccoon is searching for unwanted material, as water is thought to heighten their sense of touch. Image File history File links Metadata Size of this preview: 800 × 600 pixelsFull resolution (1600 × 1200 pixel, file size: 634 KB, MIME type: image/jpeg) A Hollywood CA candlelight dinner for vermin. ... Image File history File links Metadata Size of this preview: 800 × 600 pixelsFull resolution (1600 × 1200 pixel, file size: 634 KB, MIME type: image/jpeg) A Hollywood CA candlelight dinner for vermin. ... Genera Conepatus Mydaus Mephitis Spilogale Skunks are mammals, usually with black-and-white fur, that are best known for their ability to excrete a strong foul smelling odor. ... ...

Common raccoons

As city dwellers in the United States and Canada increasingly move into primary or second homes in former rural areas, raccoons are often considered pests because they forage in trash receptacles or eat dog food left on back porches. They are able to open garbage cans with their thumbs (which are not opposable). Image File history File linksMetadata Size of this preview: 800 × 533 pixel Image in higher resolution (3070 × 2046 pixel, file size: 2. ... Image File history File linksMetadata Size of this preview: 800 × 533 pixel Image in higher resolution (3070 × 2046 pixel, file size: 2. ... Sign in a rural area in Dalarna, Sweden Qichun, a rural town in Hubei province, China An artists rendering of an aerial view of the Maryland countryside: Jane Frank (Jane Schenthal Frank, 1918-1986), Aerial Series: Ploughed Fields, Maryland, 1974, acrylic and mixed materials on apertured double canvas, 52... Larval form of some beetle is damaging specimen of Sceliphron destillatorius in entomogical collection. ...

Racoons do not eat cats or dogs. ^[4] However, they will attack and fight if cornerd. If a racoon appears to be overly aggresive and is attacking pets or people, then there is a good possibility that this raccoon is rapid. In this case the proper authorities should be notified.

Introduced into Germany in the 19th century, raccoons seeking food in wine cellars and storage areas have become a threat to the country's wine industry. Beginning in April 1934 raccoons, which were being commercially farmed in Germany for their then-fashionable fur, were experimentally released into the wild^[5] in the Kellerwald range. Population growth greatly accelerated in 1945 when disruption of the infrastructure led to numerous raccoons escaping from farms across Germany. Because they appeared to have minimal impact on forest ecology, raccoons were initially a protected species. This status has changed in recent years, however, as the species' population density in some regions may have reached 100 raccoons per square kilometer. In certain areas, hunters have been offered rewards to cull the animals^[6]. A glass of red wine This article is about the alcoholic beverage. ... Year 1934 (MCMXXXIV) was a common year starting on Monday (link will display full 1934 calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... The Kellerwald is a low mountain range reaching heights of up to 675 m in the western part of northern Hesse, Germany. ... This article or section does not cite any references or sources. ... Square kilometre (US spelling: Square kilometer), symbol km², is an SI unit of surface area. ...

The aggressive nature of raccoons is innate, and the behavior begins to appear within 4-6 weeks after birth^[7].

Mating

Close-up of a raccoon's face.

Mating usually occurs in January or February, and a litter of four or five young are born in April or May (varies by climate). Raccoons usually live in hollow trees, ground burrows, or caves. They often travel along streams or rivers in search of food. However, there are raccoons that live in the forest not near any stream. Males have no part in raising the young. By late summer, the litter will be weaned and will begin to fend for themselves. In severe winter climates, raccoons may become dormant but do not hibernate. Not all sleep in the morning. Image File history File links Download high-resolution version (1280x1080, 647 KB) Beschreibung: Nordamerikanische Waschbär (Procyon lotor) / raccoon Fotograf: Darkone, 5. ... Image File history File links Download high-resolution version (1280x1080, 647 KB) Beschreibung: Nordamerikanische Waschbär (Procyon lotor) / raccoon Fotograf: Darkone, 5. ...

Range

Track

Raccoons are common throughout North America from southern Canada to Panama. Raccoons are one of the largest animals to have adapted well to human development. Suburban areas, and many large cities, have significant raccoon populations. Raccoons are skilled foragers who can thrive on garbage and pet food. They have been known to take up residence in attics and garages, and even to enter houses through "pet doors" in search of food. When confronted by humans or household animals, raccoons may be aggressive, but urban raccoons tend to lose their fear of humans over time, which generally manifests as an attitude of "if you don't bother me, I won't bother you." A good example of this can be seen if a glass windowpane ever separates human and city-dwelling raccoon. As often as not, the raccoon's response will be indifference or even curiosity, even while under direct observation. Image File history File links Download high-resolution version (1000x750, 826 KB) File links The following pages on the English Wikipedia link to this file (pages on other projects are not listed): Common Raccoon Animal tracks ... Image File history File links Download high-resolution version (1000x750, 826 KB) File links The following pages on the English Wikipedia link to this file (pages on other projects are not listed): Common Raccoon Animal tracks ... A cat flap in action. ...

Two raccoons in captivity congregate at a water source.

In 1934, Hermann Goering, then head of the Reich Forestry Office, gave permission for the release of a pair of raccoons into the German wilderness to enrich the fauna. ^{[8] [9]} The raccoons have since been extremely successful due to the lack of natural enemies. Others are believed to have escaped from fur farms during Allied bombing in World War II.^{[citation needed]} The German newsmagazine Der Spiegel reported in 2002 that the raccoon had established itself in a small area of north-central France and in a considerable area of central Germany, where it had become a neighborhood pest to some and a beloved pet to others. Image File history File links Download high resolution version (1341x1865, 720 KB) Procyon lotor de: Ein Waschbär en: A Raccoon fr: Un Raton Laveur es: Uno Mapache it: Uno Procione Lavatore pt: Guaxinim ro: Un raton ru: енот sv: tvättbjörn March 2005 de:Kölner Zoo, Cologne Photo... Image File history File links Download high resolution version (1341x1865, 720 KB) Procyon lotor de: Ein Waschbär en: A Raccoon fr: Un Raton Laveur es: Uno Mapache it: Uno Procione Lavatore pt: Guaxinim ro: Un raton ru: енот sv: tvättbjörn March 2005 de:Kölner Zoo, Cologne Photo... Hermann Göring Hermann Wilhelm Göring (also spelled Hermann Goering in English) (January 12, 1893–October 15, 1946) was a prominent and early member of the Nazi party, founder of the Gestapo, and one of the main architects of Nazi Germany. ... Fauna is a collective term for animal life of any particular region or time. ... Combatants Allied powers: China France Great Britain Soviet Union United States and others Axis powers: Germany Italy Japan and others Commanders Chiang Kai-shek Charles de Gaulle Winston Churchill Joseph Stalin Franklin Roosevelt Adolf Hitler Benito Mussolini Hideki Tōjō Casualties Military dead: 17,000,000 Civilian dead: 33,000...

While raccoons held in captivity can live up to 20 years, they seldom live longer than 12 years in the wild, with most only living a few years. The species' life expectancy in the wild is only about 1.3 to 3.1 years, and only about half of all males survive their first year. Illnesses, accidents, and the death of the mother are the most common causes of death for young raccoons. For adult raccoons, traffic incidents and hunting account for more than 75% of deaths. In the 1980s in the United States, nearly five million raccoons were shot every year.^{[citation needed]}

Disease

Raccoon depicted on a shell drawing from the pre-Columbian civilization at Spiro Mounds, Oklahoma.

Raccoons can carry Baylisascaris roundworm, canine distemper, parvovirus and rabies^[10]. Of the 6,844 documented rabies cases reported in the United States in 2004, 37.5% were in raccoons (Krebs et al. 2005, pp. 1912-1925). Seeing a raccoon during the day is an indicator, though not absolute, that the animal may be ill. However, healthy animals, especially nursing mothers, may also forage for food in the daytime. Rabies may be entirely without visible symptoms in the raccoon. Image File history File links Spiromoundsraccoon. ... Image File history File links Spiromoundsraccoon. ... The pre-Columbian era incorporates all period subdivisions in the history and prehistory of the Americas before the appearance of significant European influences on the Americas continent. ... 80. ... Official language(s) None Capital Oklahoma City Largest city Oklahoma City Area  Ranked 20th  - Total 69,898 sq mi (181,196 km²)  - Width 230 miles (370 km)  - Length 298 miles (480 km)  - % water 1. ... Baylisascaris is a genus of roundworms that infest more than fifty animal species. ... Canine distemper is a viral disease affecting animals in the families Canidae, Mustelidae, Mephitidae, Procyonidae, and possibly Felidae (though not domestic cats; feline distemper or panleukopenia is a similar, but different, virus exclusive to cats). ... Species Canine minute virus Canine parvovirus Chicken parvovirus Feline panleukopenia virus Feline parvovirus HB virus H-1 virus Kilham rat virus Lapine parvovirus LUIII virus Mice minute virus Mink enteritis virus Mouse parvovirus 1 Porcine parvovirus Raccoon parvovirus RT parvovirus Tumor virus X Parvovirus, commonly called parvo, is a genus... The term symptom (from the Greek meaning chance, mishap or casualty, itself derived from συμπιπτω meaning to fall upon or to happen to) has two similar meanings in the context of physical and mental health: Strictly, a symptom is a sensation or change in health function experienced by a patient. ...

Raccoon rabies is as dangerous to humans as any other strain, even though there is only one documented case in which it has led to a fatal case of human rabies ^[11]. Any animal with suspected rabies should not be approached. If it requires killing, the local health department should be notified to obtain instructions on means of disposal. Saliva, and other bodily fluids may carry the rabies virus. Many communities have animal control officers who can deal with rabid animals. A health department is a part of government which focuses on issues related to the general health of the citizenry. ... Groups I: dsDNA viruses II: ssDNA viruses III: dsRNA viruses IV: (+)ssRNA viruses V: (-)ssRNA viruses VI: ssRNA-RT viruses VII: dsDNA-RT viruses A virus (from the Latin noun virus, meaning toxin or poison) is a microscopic particle (ranging in size from 20 - 300 nm) that can infect the... An animal control officer (also, more informally: dog catcher or dog warden) is an employee of, or a contractor to, a municipality, charged with catching stray or loose dogs, cats, and sometimes other animals, and bringing them to a compound or animal shelter, where the animals are held for a...

Rabies is so prevalent in some populations of wild raccoons that several states and the U.S. federal government, as well as authorities in Canada, have developed programs of oral vaccination to try to reduce the spread of this lethal disease^[12][13][14]. ... Vaccination is the process of administering pathogens that cant reproduce (due to being weakened or dead) to a healthy person or animal, with the intent of conferring immunity against a targeted form of a related disease agent. ...

Raccoons as food

Raccoons were a source of food for early American pioneers, providing a sizeable amount of protein. Nowadays, people generally do not consider raccoon desirable. It is, however, a good tasting meat to some hunters, and is still eaten and prepared in certain regions of the American South. The U.S. Southern states or The South, known during the American Civil War era as Dixie, is a distinctive region of the United States with its own unique historical perspective, customs, musical styles, and cuisine. ...

An older edition of The Joy of Cooking has a recipe for preparing raccoon, along with squirrel, opossum, and other game animals. It is suggested that removing the musk glands and the fat before roasting (a favored cooking method) will help tone down the strong game flavor. It is also suggested that sweet potatoes are complimentary with the raccoon’s meat (which is dark) as either a stuffing or side dish. The Joy of Cooking is one of the worlds most-published cookbooks, having been in print continuously since 1936. ... Roasting is cooking with dry heat, whether an open flame, oven, or other heat source. ... Game is any animal hunted for food or not normally domesticated (such as venison). ...

The limited interest in eating raccoon is most likely attributed to the emotive association people have with the animal; being intelligent and adaptable. Its reputation as a scavenger is also a common factor with people (see Taboo food and drink). For a person who scavenges, see Waste picker. ... This article needs additional references or sources for verification. ...

Raccoons as pets

Raccoons are sometimes kept as pets. The results of a successful ownership vary, depending on how responsible and knowlegeable the owner is of the raccoon as a species; as well as behavior, diet, etc.

In some states of the United States, it is illegal to keep raccoons as pets (see rabies). Other states allow the practice, but require exotic pet permits^[15]. Young orphan raccoons born in the wild may not always be a good choice for a pet. Sometimes, raccoons raised in captivity and released do not adapt well to life outside.^{[citation needed]} Professional wildlife rehabilitation is usually considered for this case. It has been suggested that Residential pets be merged into this article or section. ... Capuchin monkeys are among the primates kept as exotic pets An exotic pet is a rare or unusual creature kept as a pet, or a creature kept as a pet which is not commonly thought of as a pet. ... Wildlife rehabilitation is the process of removing from the wild and caring for: injured, orphaned, or sick wild animals. ...

Tamed raccoons acquired from reputable breeders may make suitable pets. However the raccoon is still a wild animal by nature, so that is to be kept in mind before taming. Training raccoons is an intensive and ongoing process. During mating season, many captive raccoons retain destructive and/or aggressive natural behaviors, such as constant biting. These problems are usually resolved ahead of time by spaying and neutering at around four months of age.^{[citation needed]} Raccoons from breeders can sometimes come in different color variations, such as silver, albino, blonde, black, cinnamon, cream, and red to name a few.

Although nocturnal, captive raccoons can be trained to sleep at night and to be active during the day. Captive raccoons can also develop obesity and other disorders due to unnatural diet and lack of exercise. Furthermore, many veterinarians may or may not be able treat raccoons. It is of dire importance that people who attempt to obtain a raccoon as a pet do the usual homework. A nocturnal animal is one that sleeps during the day and is active at night - the opposite of the human (diurnal) schedule. ... Look up veterinarian in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ...

References

1. ^ http://www.dw-world.de/dw/article/0,1564,1390574,00.html
2. ^ http://www.wildlifebiology.com/1996/1996kauhala.html
3. ^ http://www.nature.ca/notebooks/english/racoon.htm
4. ^ [1]
5. ^ Raccoons in Germany
6. ^ Nazi racoons invade the wineland
7. ^ [*Crazy Beagle: Sleepy Coon]
8. ^ http://www.dw-world.de/dw/article/0,,1390574,00.html
9. ^ http://www.timesonline.co.uk/article/0,,13509-1846678,00.html
10. ^ Rabies - Natural History
11. ^ First Human Death Associated with Raccoon Rabies - Virginia 2003
12. ^ Cornell-Quebec project aims to turn back raccoon rabies from international border
13. ^ Preventing Spread of Raccoon Rabies West of North Carolina: Oral Rabies Vaccine Program
14. ^ Raccoons and Rabies
15. ^ State Regulations Concerning the Possession of Raccoons as Pets

• Krebs, J.W.; E.J. Mandel & D.L. Swedlow et al. (2005), "Rabies surveillance in the United States during 2004", J Am Vet Med Assoc 227(12): 1912-1925.
• Davidson, Alan (1999). "Raccoon", Oxford Companion to Food, 648. ISBN 0-19-211579-0. 

See also

• List of fictional raccoons
• The Raccoons

This is a list of fictional raccoons. ... This article does not cite any references or sources. ...

External links

Wikimedia Commons has media related to:

Procyon lotor

Wikispecies has information related to:

Procyon lotor

• Raccoon Tracks information, accounts, and images
• range of raccoon populations, Missouri Botanical Garden
• Feature Creatures: Raccoon University of Alberta Museum of Zoology
• Remo Raccoon's Home Page
• Nazi Raccoons On The March In Europe article about history of raccoon introduction in Germany
• Crazy Beagle: Sleepy Coon young aggressive male
• Raccoon entry on Encyclopedia.com

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