A common school was a public school in United States in the nineteenth century. The term 'common school' was coined by Horace Mann, and refers to the fact that they were meant to serve individuals of all social classes and religions. The term public school has two distinct meanings: elementary or secondary school supported and administered by state and local officials, or, in England, Wales, and Northern Ireland, a private or independent, fee-paying school, generally not coeducational, which prepares pupils for university. ... Alternative meaning: Nineteenth Century (periodical) (18th century — 19th century — 20th century — more centuries) As a means of recording the passage of time, the 19th century was that century which lasted from 1801-1900 in the sense of the Gregorian calendar. ... Horace Mann (May 4, 1796 – August 2, 1859) was an American education reformer and abolitionist. ...

Students often went to the common school from ages six to fourteen (predecessor of grades 1-8), although this could vary widely. The duration of the school year was often dictated by the agricultural needs of particular communities, with children being off when they would be needed on the family farm. Common schools were funded by local taxes, did not charge tuition, and were open to all children, at least all white children. Typically, with a small amount of state oversight, each district was controlled by an elected local school board; traditionally a county school superintendent or regional director was elected to supervise day-to-day activities of several common school districts. Tuition means instruction, teaching or a fee charged for educational instruction especially at a formal institution of learning. ... This article or section should be merged with board of education A school board (or school committee) is an elected council that helps determine educational policy in a small regional area, such as a city, state, or province. ...

Since common schools were locally controlled, and the United States was very rural in the nineteenth century, most common schools were small one-room schools. They typically had a single teacher (usually female) and all the students were taught together, regardless of age. Common school districts were nominally subject to their creator, either a county commission or a state regulatory agency. Williamson School was a one-room school in Blanch, Caswell County, North Carolina One-room schools were commonplace throughout rural portions of various countries including the United States, Canada, Australia, New Zealand, Scotland and Ireland in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. ... Commissioner is a designation that may be used for a variety of official positions, especially referring to a high-ranking public (administrative or police) official, or an analogous official in the private sector (e. ... An agency is a department of a local or national government responsible for the oversight and administration of a specific function, such as a customs agency or a space agency. ...

Rural common schools of the nineteenth century differed from urban "charity" schools of the same period both in terms of organizational structure and funding sources.

Curriculum

Common schools typically taught The three Rs (reading, writing, and arithmetic), history, geography, and math. Evaluation of students was very varied (from 0-100 grading to no grades at all), but an end-of-the-year recital was a common way that parents were informed about what their children were learning. The three Rs (as in the letter R) are reading, writing and ‘rithmetic (arithmetic). ... History studies the past in human terms. ... Incorrect shortening of Mathematics. ... A recital (from the Latin word recitare, meaning: to read out) consists of an account or repetition of the details of some act, proceeding or fact. ...

Although common schools were designed by Mann to be nonsectarian, there were several fierce battles, most notably in New York and Philadelphia, where Roman Catholic immigrants and Indians objected to the use of the King James Version of the Bible. Even without Bible readings, most common schools taught children the general Protestant values (e.g., work ethic) of nineteenth-century America. To meet Wikipedias quality standards, this article or section may require cleanup. ... NY redirects here. ... Nickname: Motto: Philadelphia maneto - Let brotherly love continue Location in Pennsylvania Coordinates: Country United States Commonwealth Pennsylvania County Philadelphia Founded October 27, 1682 Incorporated October 25, 1701 Government  - Mayor John F. Street (D) Area  - City 369. ... The Roman Catholic Church, most often spoken of simply as the Catholic Church, is the largest Christian church, with over one billion members. ... The King James or Authorised Version of the Bible is an English translation of the Christian Bible first published in 1611. ... This article or section does not cite any references or sources. ... Work ethic is a set of values based on the moral virtues of hard work and diligence. ...

Common School Era

The common school era is viewed by many education scholars to have ended around 1900. In the early twentieth century, schools generally became more regional (as opposed to local), and control of schools moved away from elected school boards, and towards professional control. Because common schools were not a special-purpose district, voters often decided in called elections to join independent or unified school district. Year 1900 (MCM) was an exceptional common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar, but a leap year starting on Saturday of the Julian calendar. ... (19th century - 20th century - 21st century - more centuries) Decades: 1900s 1910s 1920s 1930s 1940s 1950s 1960s 1970s 1980s 1990s As a means of recording the passage of time, the 20th century was that century which lasted from 1901–2000 in the sense of the Gregorian calendar (1900–1999... Generally a special-purpose district, also known as a special district, is a type of district differing from general-purpose districts like municipalities, counties, etc. ... An election is a decision making process whereby people vote for preferred political candidates or parties to act as representatives in government. ... A unified school district is a legal distinction used by a few of the western U.S. states to indicate a school district that includes both primary (Kindergarten thru Junior High) and secondary (High School) schools. ...

Reference

Kaestle, Carl (1983). Pillars of the Republic: Common schools and American society, 1780-1860. New York: Hill and Wang.