Encyclopedia > Commonwealth of England, Scotland and Ireland
The Protectorate in British history refers to the period 1653–59 during which the Commonwealth of England, Scotland and Ireland was governed by Lords Protector. Image File history File links Summary Coat of Arms of the Lord Protector File history Legend: (cur) = this is the current file, (del) = delete this old version, (rev) = revert to this old version. ...
The Protectorate Jack was the flag of the Protectorate of England from 1658 to 1660. ...
Here is a list of state mottos for countries and their subdivisions around the world. ...
Latin is an ancient Indo-European language originally spoken in the region around Rome called Latium. ...
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In politics, a capital (also called capital city or political capital — although the latter phrase has an alternative meaning based on an alternative meaning of capital) is the principal city or town associated with its government. ...
This article is about the British city. ...
Lord Protector is a particular British English title for Heads of State, with two meanings (and full styles) at different periods of history. ...
The First Protectorate Parliament was summoned by the Lord Protector Oliver Cromwell under the terms of the Instrument of Government. ...
The Second Protectorate Parliament sat for two sessions from 17 September 1656 until 4 February 1658 with Thomas Widdrington as the Speaker of the House. ...
The Third Protectorate Parliament sat for one session from 27 January until 22 April 1659 with Chaloner Chute and Thomas Bampfield as the Speakers of the House. ...
The History of Britain, until the last few hundred years, was one of struggle and competition between the separate nation-states that occupied various parts of the island of Great Britain. ...
Events February 2 - New Amsterdam (later renamed New York City) is incorporated. ...
// Events May 25 - Richard Cromwell resigns as Lord Protector of England following the restoration of the Long Parliament, beginning a second brief period of the republican government called the Commonwealth. ...
Motto: PAX, QUÆRITUR, BELLO (English: Peace is obtained by war)1 Capital London Head of State none Parliament Rump Parliament (1649-53), Barebones Parliament (1653) The Commonwealth was the republican government which ruled first England and then the whole of Ireland, the colonies and other Crown possessions during the...
Lord Protector is a particular British English title for Heads of State, with two meanings (and full styles) at different periods of history. ...
Prior to the Protectorate, England (and subsequently Scotland and Ireland) had been ruled directly by Parliament since it had declared England to be a Commonwealth in 1649. The Rump Parliament had been forcibly dissolved in April 1653 by soldiers led by Oliver Cromwell, prompted by the perceived ineffectiveness of its rule and its refusal to dissolve itself. Although the replacement, the Barebones Parliament (July–December 1653), was nominated by Cromwell and the leaders of the army, it proved just as difficult to control. Royal motto (French): Dieu et mon droit (Translated: God and my right) Englands location (dark green) within the British Isles Languages English (de facto) Capital London de facto Largest city London Area – Total Ranked 1st UK 130,395 km² Population – Total (mid-2004) – Total (2001 Census) – Density Ranked 1st...
Motto: Nemo me impune lacessit (English: No one provokes me with impunity) Scotlands location within Europe Scotlands location within the United Kingdom Languages English, Gaelic, Scots Capital Edinburgh Largest city Glasgow First Minister Jack McConnell Area - Total - % water Ranked 2nd UK 78,782 km² 1. ...
// Events January 30 - King Charles I of England, Scotland and Ireland is beheaded. ...
The Rump Parliament was the remnant of the Long Parliament, following Prides Purge on 6 December 1648. ...
Unfinished portrait miniature of Oliver Cromwell by Samuel Cooper, 1657. ...
The Barebones Parliament came into being on July 4, 1653. ...
The post of Lord Protector was formally established by the Instrument of Government, a constitution passed by the Council of State in December 1653. Cromwell was appointed to the position for life. Although the constitution divided power between the Lord Protector, the Council of State and Parliament, in practice it restored the strong executive power that had been absent since the abolition of the monarchy. Indeed, Cromwellian government has been branded as ‘one of the first experiments in (de facto) military dictatorship’ (Abbott). This power was entrenched when Cromwell used a royalist uprising as a pretext to sweep away the traditional shire governments in 1655, replacing them with military districts administered by army officers, the so-called ‘Rule of the Major Generals’. The Instrument of Government was Englands first codified constitution. ...
The English Council of State was first appointed by the Rump Parliament on 14 February 1649 after the execution of King Charles I. It was abolished on 25 April 1660 by the Convention Parliament just before the Restoration Charless execution on 30 January was delayed for several hours so...
A monarchy, (from the Greek monos, one, and archein, to rule) is a form of government that has a monarch as Head of State. ...
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Events March 25 - Saturns largest moon, Titan, is discovered by Christian Huygens. ...
The Protectorate is associated with rigidly enforced puritan legislation. Religious toleration was extended to Jews and most Protestants, but not to Episcopalians or Roman Catholics. The Puritans were members of a group of English Protestants seeking further reforms or even separation from the established church during the Reformation. ...
The cross of the war memorial and a menorah for Hanukkah coexist in Oxford. ...
Protestantism is a general grouping of denominations within Christianity. ...
The word Episcopal is derived from the Greek επισκοπος epískopos, which literally means overseer; the word however is used in religious terms to mean bishop. ...
For other uses of the term, see Catholic Church (disambiguation). ...
The Instrument of Government was replaced in 1657 by the Humble Petition and Advice, which reinforced the similarities between the Lord Protector and a monarch: for example, Cromwell was addressed as ‘His Highness’; his subsequent re-installation as Lord Protector was not dissimilar to a coronation; and he was given the right to nominate his successor—he chose his eldest surviving son, Richard. Look up monarch in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ...
The coronation of Empress Farah, of Iran in 1967. ...
Richard Cromwell (October 4, 1626- July 12, 1712) was the third son of Oliver Cromwell, and was Lord Protector of England, Scotland and Ireland, for little over eight months, from September 3, 1658 until May 25, 1659. ...
After Cromwell's death in September 1658, the new Lord Protector, Richard Cromwell, was unable to control the army and resigned in May 1659. After a chaotic ‘interregnum’, the monarchy was restored in May 1660, largely through the initiative of General George Monck. Events January 13 - Edward Sexby, who had plotted against Oliver Cromwell, dies in Tower of London February 6 - Swedish troops of Charles X Gustav of Sweden cross The Great Belt (Storebælt) in Denmark over frozen sea May 1 - Publication of Hydriotaphia, Urn Burial and The Garden of Cyrus by...
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King Charles II The English Restoration or simply Restoration was an episode in the history of Great Britain beginning in 1660 when the monarchy was restored under King Charles II after the English Civil War. ...
Events Expulsion of the Carib indigenous people from Martinique by French occupying forces. ...
George Monck, 1st Duke of Albemarle by Sir Peter Lely, painted 1665–1666. ...
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