Commonwealth of Nations
Flag
The Commonwealth of Nations as of 2008.
Headquarters		Marlborough House, London, UK
Official language		English
Membership		53 sovereign states
Leaders
-	Head of the Commonwealth	Queen Elizabeth II
-	Secretary-General	Kamalesh Sharma Appointed 24 November 2007 and took office 1 April 2008
Establishment
-	Balfour Declaration	18 November 1926
-	Statute of Westminster	11 December 1931
-	London Declaration	28 April 1949
Area
-	Total	31,462,574 km²  12,147,768 sq mi
Population
-	2005 estimate	1,921,974,000
-	Density	61.09/km²  158.2/sq mi
Website thecommonwealth.org

The Commonwealth of Nations, usually known as the Commonwealth, is a voluntary association of 53 independent sovereign states, most of which are former British colonies, or dependencies of these colonies (the exceptions being the United Kingdom itself and Mozambique). Image File history File links Flag_of_the_Commonwealth_of_Nations. ... The flag of the Commonwealth of Nations consists of the Commonwealth symbol in gold on a blue background. ... Image File history File links Download high resolution version (1357x628, 37 KB) The Commonwealth of Nations. ... Marlborough House, London Marlborough House is a mansion in Westminster, London. ... This article is about the capital of England and the United Kingdom. ... The English language is a West Germanic language that originates in England. ... The present British Monarch, Queen Elizabeth II, is the second to be recognised as Head of the Commonwealth in the 53 member states of the Commonwealth of Nations. ... Elizabeth II (Elizabeth Alexandra Mary Windsor; born 21 April 1926) is Queen of sixteen sovereign states, holding each crown and title equally. ... The Commonwealth Secretary-General is the head of the Commonwealth Secretariat, the central body which has served the Commonwealth of Nations since its establishment in 1965. ... Kamalesh Sharma is the High Commissioner of India in London, and has been elected to the office of Secretary General of the Commonwealth of Nations from 2008[1]. Kamalesh Sharma in an alumnus of the St. ... The Balfour Declaration of 1926 is a statement of the October-November 1926 Imperial Conference of British Empire leaders in London. ... is the 322nd day of the year (323rd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1926 (MCMXXVI) was a common year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... This article is about the Statute of Westminster relating to the British Empire and its dominions. ... is the 345th day of the year (346th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1931 (MCMXXXI) was a common year starting on Thursday (link will display full 1931 calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... The London Declaration was a declaration issued by the governments of the Commonwealth of Nations on the issue of Indias continued membership of the Commonwealth. ... is the 118th day of the year (119th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1949 (MCMXLIX) was a common year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... This article is about the physical quantity. ... A square metre (US spelling: square meter) is by definition the area enclosed by a square with sides each 1 metre long. ... A square mile is an English unit of area equal to that of a square with sides each 1 statute mile (≈1,609 m) in length. ... Population density per square kilometre by country, 2006 Population density map of the world in 1994. ... A voluntary association (also sometimes called an unincorporated association, or just an association) is a group of individuals who voluntarily enter into an agreement to form a body (or organization) to accomplish a purpose. ... For other uses, see State (disambiguation). ... A United Kingdom overseas territory (formerly known as a dependent territory or earlier as a crown colony) is a territory that is under the sovereignty and formal control of the United Kingdom but is not part of the United Kingdom proper (Great Britain and Northern Ireland). ...

The Commonwealth is an international organisation through which countries with diverse social, political, and economic backgrounds co-operate within a framework of common values and goals, outlined in the Singapore Declaration.^[1] These include the promotion of democracy, human rights, good governance, the rule of law, individual liberty, egalitarianism, free trade, multilateralism, and world peace.^[2] For the political science journal, see International Organization. ... The Singapore Declaration of Commonwealth Principles was a declaration issued by the assembled Heads of Government of the Commonwealth of Nations, setting out the core political values that would form the main part of the Commonwealths membership criteria. ... Human rights are rights which some hold to be inalienable and belonging to all humans. ... The terms governance and good governance are increasingly being used in development literature. ... The Politics series Politics Portal This box:      The rule of law, in its most basic form, is the principle that no one is above the law. ... This page is a candidate for speedy deletion. ... Egalitarianism (derived from the French word égal, meaning equal or level) is a political doctrine that holds that all people should be treated as equals from birth. ... Free trade is an economic concept referring to the selling of products between countries without tariffs or other trade barriers. ... Multilateralism is an international relations term that refers to multiple countries working in concert. ... World peace is an ideal of freedom, peace, and happiness among and within all nations. ...

Queen Elizabeth II is the Head of the Commonwealth, recognised by each state, and as such is the symbol of the free association of the organisation's members. This position, however, does not imply political power over Commonwealth member states. In practice, the Queen heads the Commonwealth in a symbolic capacity, and it is the Commonwealth Secretary-General who is the chief executive of the organisation. The Commonwealth is not a political union, and does not allow the United Kingdom to exercise any power over the affairs of the organisation's other members. Elizabeth II (Elizabeth Alexandra Mary Windsor; born 21 April 1926) is Queen of sixteen sovereign states, holding each crown and title equally. ... The present British Monarch, Queen Elizabeth II, is the second to be recognised as Head of the Commonwealth in the 53 member states of the Commonwealth of Nations. ... A Political Union is a type of state which is composed of smaller states. ...

Elizabeth II is also the Head of State, separately, of sixteen members of the Commonwealth, called Commonwealth realms. As each realm is an independent kingdom, Elizabeth II, as monarch, holds a distinct title for each, though, by a Prime Ministers' Conference in 1952, all include the words "Head of the Commonwealth" at the end; for example: Elizabeth the Second, by the Grace of God, Queen of Australia and of Her other Realms and Territories, Head of the Commonwealth. Beyond the realms, the majority of the members of the Commonwealth have their own, separate Heads of State: thirty-two members are Commonwealth republics and five members are Commonwealth kingdoms each with their own monarchs: the Sultan of Brunei; the King of Lesotho; the Supreme Ruler of Malaysia; the King of Swaziland; and the King of Tonga. For the comedy film of the same name, see Head of State (film). ... The Commonwealth Realms, shown in pink A Commonwealth Realm is any one of the sixteen sovereign states within the Commonwealth of Nations that recognise Elizabeth II as their respective monarch. ... A style of office, or honorific, is a form of address which by tradition or law precedes a reference to a person who holds a title or post, or to the political office itself. ... The Commonwealth Heads of Government Meeting (CHOGM) is a biennial summit meeting of the heads of government from all Commonwealth nations. ... The Commonwealth republics, shown in pink A Commonwealth republic is any one of the 31 sovereign states of the Commonwealth of Nations that have a republican form of government. ... The Sultan of Brunei is the head of state of Brunei. ... Royal Standard of the King of Lesotho This page lists Paramount Chiefs and Kings of Lesotho. ... Flag of the Supreme Head of Malaysia Yang di-Pertuan Agong is a Malay title usually translated as Supreme Ruler or Paramount Ruler, is the official title of the constitutional head of state of the federation of Malaysia. ... This page contains a list of paramount chiefs and kings (Ngwenyamas) of Swaziland. ... The Tupou Dynasty of Tonga is the only remaining constitutional monarchy of Polynesia. ...

Every four years the Commonwealth's members celebrate the Commonwealth Games, the world's second-largest multi-sport event after the Olympic Games. Current flag of the Commonwealth Games Federation Locations of the games, and participating countries Commonwealth Games Federation seal, adopted in 2001 The Commonwealth Games is a multinational, multi-sport event. ... A multi-sport event is a competition in which athletes compete in a number of different sports. ... The five Olympic rings were designed in 1913, adopted in 1914 and debuted at the Games at Antwerp, 1920. ...

History

Origins

Although performing a vastly different function, the Commonwealth is the successor of the British Empire. In 1884, whilst visiting Adelaide, South Australia, Lord Rosebery described the changing British Empire, as some of its colonies became more independent, as a "Commonwealth of Nations"^{[citation needed]}. For a comprehensive list of the territories that formed the British Empire, see Evolution of the British Empire. ... For other uses, see Adelaide (disambiguation). ... For the song, see South Australia (song). ... Archibald Philip Primrose, 5th Earl of Rosebery (May 7, 1847 - May 21, 1929) was a British Liberal statesman and Prime Minister. ...

Conferences of British and colonial Prime Ministers had occurred periodically since 1887, leading to the creation of the Imperial Conferences in the late 1920s.^[3] The formal organisation of the Commonwealth developed from the Imperial Conferences, where the independence of the self-governing colonies and especially of dominions was recognised. The Irish Oath of Allegiance, agreed in 1921, included the Irish Free State's adherence to and membership of the group of nations forming the British Commonwealth of Nations. In the Balfour Declaration at the Imperial Conference in 1926, Britain and its dominions agreed they were equal in status, in no way subordinate one to another in any aspect of their domestic or external affairs, though united by common allegiance to the Crown, and freely associated as members of the British Commonwealth of Nations. This relationship was eventually formalised by the Statute of Westminster in 1931. A prime minister is the most senior minister of cabinet in the executive branch of government in a parliamentary system. ... Imperial Conferences were gatherings of British Empire government leaders in London in 1887, 1897, 1902, 1907, 1911, 1921, 1923, 1926, 1930 and 1937. ... Imperial Conferences were gatherings of British Empire government leaders in London in 1887, 1897, 1902, 1907, 1911, 1921, 1923, 1926, 1930 and 1937. ... A self-governing colony is a colony with an elected legislature, in which politicians are able to make most decisions without reference to the colonial power with formal or nominal control of the colony. ... This article is about Dominions of the British Empire and of the Commonwealth of Nations. ... The Irish Oath of Allegiance was a controversial provision in the Anglo-Irish Treaty of 1921, which Irish TDs (members of the Irish parliament) and Senators were required to take, in order to take their seats in Dáil Éireann (The Chamber of Deputies) and Seanad Éireann (the Irish Senate). ... This article is about the prior state. ... The Balfour Declaration of 1926 is a report of the October-November 1926 Imperial Conference of British Empire leaders in London. ... This article is about the Statute of Westminster relating to the British Empire and its dominions. ...

Remaining members gain independence

After World War II, the Empire was gradually dismantled, partly owing to the rise of independence movements in the then-subject territories and partly owing to the British Government's straitened circumstances resulting from the cost of the war. The word "British" was dropped in 1949 from the title of the Commonwealth to reflect the changing position.^[4] Burma (a.k.a. Myanmar, 1948), and Aden (1967) are the only former colonies not to have joined the Commonwealth upon post-war independence. Among the former protectorates and mandates, Egypt (independent in 1922), Iraq (1932), Transjordan (1946), Palestine (became in part, the state of Israel in 1948), Sudan (1956), Kuwait (1961), Bahrain (1971), Oman (1971), Qatar (1971), and the United Arab Emirates (1971) never became members of the Commonwealth. The Republic of Ireland left the Commonwealth upon becoming a republic in 1949. However, the Ireland Act 1949 passed by the Parliament of Westminster gave citizens of the Republic of Ireland a status similar to that of other citizens of the Commonwealth in UK law. Combatants Allied powers: China France Great Britain Soviet Union United States and others Axis powers: Germany Italy Japan and others Commanders Chiang Kai-shek Charles de Gaulle Winston Churchill Joseph Stalin Franklin Roosevelt Adolf Hitler Benito Mussolini Hideki Tōjō Casualties Military dead: 17,000,000 Civilian dead: 33,000... Anthem: Kaba Ma Kyei Capital Naypyidaw , Largest city Yangon (Rangoon) Official languages Burmese Recognised regional languages Jingpho, Shan, Karen, Mon, Rakhine Demonym Burmese Government Military junta  -  Chairman of the State Peace and Development Council Senior General Than Shwe  -  Vice Chairman of the State Peace and Development Council Vice-Senior General... Port of Aden (around 1910). ... This article is about states protected and/or dominated by a foreign power. ... Mandates in the Middle east and Africa. ... Map of the territory of the British Mandate of Palestine The Emirate of Transjordan was an autonomous political division of the British Mandate of Palestine, created as an administrative entity in April 1921 before the Mandate came into effect. ... Flag The approximate borders of the British Mandate circa 1922. ... Look up republic in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ... The Ireland Act 1949 is a UK Act of Parliament which was intended to deal with the consequences of the then recently passed Republic of Ireland Act 1948 as passed by the Irish parliament (Oireachtas). ... Type Bicameral Houses House of Commons House of Lords Speaker of the House of Commons Michael Martin MP Speaker of the House of Lords Hélène Hayman, PC Members 1377 (646 Commons, 731 Peers) Political groups Labour Party Conservative Party Liberal Democrats Scottish National Party Plaid Cymru Democratic Unionist... The law of the United Kingdom consists of several independent legal systems which use common law principles, civil law principles, or both. ...

Members with heads of state other than the British Sovereign

The issue of countries with constitutional structures not based on a shared Crown, but who wished to remain members of the Commonwealth, was resolved in April 1949 at a Commonwealth prime ministers' meeting in London. Under this London Declaration, India agreed that, when it became a republic, in January 1950, it would accept the British Sovereign as a "symbol of the free association of its independent member nations and, as such, Head of the Commonwealth". The London Declaration was a declaration issued by the governments of the Commonwealth of Nations on the issue of Indias continued membership of the Commonwealth. ...

The other Commonwealth countries in turn recognised India's continuing membership of the association. (At Pakistan’s insistence, India was not regarded as an exceptional case and it was assumed that other states would be accorded the same treatment as India.)

The London Declaration is often seen as marking the beginning of the modern Commonwealth. Following India's precedent, other nations became republics, or constitutional monarchies with monarchs different from the British. Look up republic in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ... Forms of government Part of the Politics series Politics Portal This box:      A constitutional monarchy or limited monarchy is a form of government established under a constitutional system which acknowledges an elected or hereditary monarch as head of state, as opposed to an absolute monarchy, where the monarch is not...

Old, New and White Commonwealth

As the Commonwealth grew, Britain and pre-1945 Dominions (a term formally dropped in the 1940s) became informally known as the "Old Commonwealth", particularly since the 1960s when some of them disagreed with poorer, African and Asian (or New Commonwealth) members about various issues at Commonwealth Heads of Government meetings. Accusations that the old, "White" Commonwealth had different interests from African Commonwealth nations in particular, and charges of racism and colonialism arose during heated debates about Rhodesia in the 1960s and 1970s, the imposition of sanctions against apartheid-era South Africa in the 1980s and, more recently, about whether to press for democratic reforms in Nigeria and then Zimbabwe.^{[citation needed]} The term New Commonwealth is also used in the United Kingdom (especially in the 1960s and 1970s) to refer to recently decolonised countries, which are predominantly non-white and underdeveloped. It was often used in debates about immigration from these countries.^{[citation needed]} Old Commonwealth and White Commonwealth are informal terms used to describe the predominantly white members of the Commonwealth of Nations located in the developed world, specifically the United Kingdom and the realms of Canada, Australia, South Africa and New Zealand. ... A world map showing the continent of Africa Africa is the worlds second-largest and second most-populous continent, after Asia. ... The term New Commonwealth was commonly used in the 1960s and 1970s to refer to members of the Commonwealth of Nations that had joined in recent years as a result of decolonization. ... The leaders of the nations with membership in the Commonwealth of Nations (or British Commonwealth) are collectively known as the Commonwealth Heads of Government. ... Manifestations Slavery Racial profiling Lynching Hate speech Hate crime Genocide (examples) Ethnocide Ethnic cleansing Pogrom Race war Religious persecution Blood libel Paternalism Police brutality Movements Policies Discriminatory Race / Religion / Sex segregation Apartheid Redlining Internment Ethnocracy Anti-discriminatory Emancipation Civil rights Desegregation Integration Equal opportunity Counter-discriminatory Affirmative action Racial quota... It has been suggested that Benign colonialism be merged into this article or section. ... This article is about the former British colony of Southern Rhodesia, todays Zimbabwe. ... International sanctions are actions taken by countries against others for political reasons, either unilaterally or multilaterally. ... A segregated beach in South Africa, 1982. ... Colonialism in 1945 Decolonization refers to the undoing of colonialism, the establishment of governance or authority through the creation of settlements by another country or jurisdiction. ...

In recent years, the term "White Commonwealth" has been used in a derogatory sense to imply that the wealthier, white nations of the Commonwealth had different interests and goals from the non-white, and particularly the African members. Zimbabwean President Robert Mugabe has used the term frequently to allege that the Commonwealth's attempts to force political changes in his country are motivated by racism and colonialist attitudes and that the White Commonwealth dominates the Commonwealth of Nations as a whole.^{[citation needed]} Flag of the Commonwealth of Nations The Commonwealth of Nations is a voluntary association of independent sovereign states, most of which were once governed by the United Kingdom as part of the British Empire, and are its former colonies. ... Mugabe redirects here. ...

Membership

Membership criteria

Main article: Commonwealth of Nations membership criteria

The criteria for membership of the Commonwealth of Nations have developed over time from a series of separate documents. The Statute of Westminster 1931, as the fundamental founding document of the organisation, laid out that membership required dominionhood. The 1949 London Declaration ended this, allowing republican and indigenous monarchic members on the condition that they recognised the British monarch as the 'Head of the Commonwealth'.^[5] In the wake of the wave of decolonisation in the 1960s, these constitutional principles were augmented by political, economic, and social principles. The first of these was set out in 1961, when it was decided that respect for racial equality would be a requisite of membership, leading directly to the withdrawal of South Africa's re-application (which they were required to make under the formula of the London Declaration upon becoming a republic). The fourteen points of the 1971 Singapore Declaration dedicated all members to the principles of world peace, liberty, human rights, equality, and free trade.^[2] The Commonwealth of Nations currently has 53 members, which must abide by the membership criteria, which are enforced through the Millbrook Programme. ... This article is about the Statute of Westminster relating to the British Empire and its dominions. ... The London Declaration was a declaration issued by the governments of the Commonwealth of Nations on the issue of Indias continued membership of the Commonwealth. ... The present British Monarch, Queen Elizabeth II, is the second to be recognised as Head of the Commonwealth in the 53 member states of the Commonwealth of Nations. ... Colonialism in 1945 Decolonization refers to the undoing of colonialism, the establishment of governance or authority through the creation of settlements by another country or jurisdiction. ... This article needs cleanup. ... The Singapore Declaration of Commonwealth Principles was a declaration issued by the assembled Heads of Government of the Commonwealth of Nations, setting out the core political values that would form the main part of the Commonwealths membership criteria. ... World peace is an ideal of freedom, peace, and happiness among and within all nations. ... For other uses, see Liberty (disambiguation). ... Human rights are rights which some hold to be inalienable and belonging to all humans. ... Egalitarianism (derived from the French word égal, meaning equal or level) is a political doctrine that holds that all people should be treated as equals from birth. ... Free trade is an economic concept referring to the selling of products between countries without tariffs or other trade barriers. ...

These criteria were unenforceable for two decades,^[6] until, in 1991, the Harare Declaration was issued, dedicating the leaders to applying the Singapore principles to the completion of decolonisation, the end of the Cold War, and the fall of Apartheid in South Africa.^[7] The mechanisms by which these principles would be applied were created, and the manner clarified, by the 1995 Millbrook Commonwealth Action Programme, which created the Commonwealth Ministerial Action Group (CMAG), which has the power to rule on whether members meet the requirements for membership under the Harare Declaration.^[8] Also in 1995, an Inter-Governmental Group was created to finalise and codify the full requirements for membership. Upon reporting in 1997, as adopted under the Edinburgh Declaration, the Inter-Governmental Group ruled that any future members would have to have a direct constitutional link with an existing member.^[9] The Harare Declaration is a re-statement of the principles of the Commonwealth of Nations, agreed on by the heads of government of its member countries at the Commonwealth Heads of Government Meeting in 1991. ... For other uses, see Cold War (disambiguation). ... A segregated beach in South Africa, 1982. ... The Millbrook Commonwealth Action Programme on the Harare Declaration, sometimes abbreviated to just Millbrook, is a policy programme of the Commonwealth of Nations, designed to implement and uphold the Harare Declaration, which sets out the basic political membership criteria of the Commonwealth. ... The Commonwealth Ministerial Action Group on the Harare Declaration, abbreviated to CMAG, is a group of representatives of members of the Commonwealth of Nations that is responsible for upholding the Harare Declaration. ... The Edinburgh Declaration was a declaration by the Heads of Government of the Commonwealth of Nations concerning the organisations membership criteria. ...

In addition to this new rule, the former rules were consolidated into a single document. These requirements, which remain the same today, are that members must:

• accept and comply with the Harare principles.
• be fully sovereign states.
• recognise the monarch of the Commonwealth realms as the Head of the Commonwealth.
• accept the English language as the means of Commonwealth communication.
• respect the wishes of the general population vis-à-vis Commonwealth membership.^[9]

These requirements are undergoing review, and a report on potential amendment is to be presented to the Commonwealth Heads of Government Meeting 2007.^[10] New members will not be admitted at the 2007 CHOGM, with 2009 set as the earliest date of entry.^[11] The Harare Declaration is a re-statement of the principles of the Commonwealth of Nations, agreed on by the heads of government of its member countries at the Commonwealth Heads of Government Meeting in 1991. ... “Sovereign” redirects here. ... A Commonwealth Realm is any one of the 16 sovereign states that recognize Queen Elizabeth II as their Queen and head of state. ... The present British Monarch, Queen Elizabeth II, is the second to be recognised as Head of the Commonwealth in the 53 member states of the Commonwealth of Nations. ... The English language is a West Germanic language that originates in England. ... The Commonwealth Heads of Government Meeting 2007 will be the twentieth Meeting of the Heads of Government of the Commonwealth of Nations. ...

Members

Countries whose membership is suspended are shown in Bold text.

Country	Joined	Capital	Population	Land area (km²)
Antigua and Barbuda	1981	St. John's	&0000000000081000.00000081,000	&0000000000000442.000000442
Australia	1931	Canberra	&0000000021134563.00000021,134,563	&0000000007741220.0000007,741,220
Bahamas	1973	Nassau	&0000000000319000.000000319,000	&0000000000013878.00000013,878
Bangladesh	1972	Dhaka	&0000000139215000.000000139,215,000	&0000000000143998.000000143,998
Barbados	1966	Bridgetown	&0000000000287000.000000287,000	&0000000000000430.000000430
Belize	1981	Belmopan	&0000000000264000.000000264,000	&0000000000022966.00000022,966
Botswana	1966	Gaborone	&0000000001769000.0000001,769,000	&0000000000581730.000000581,730
Brunei	1984	Bandar Seri Begawan	&0000000000366000.000000366,000	&0000000000005765.0000005,765
Cameroon	1995	Yaounde	&0000000016038000.00000016,038,000	&0000000000475442.000000475,442
Canada	1931	Ottawa	&0000000033039967.00000033,039,967	&0000000009970610.0000009,970,610
Cyprus	1961	Nicosia	&0000000000826000.000000826,000	&0000000000009251.0000009,251
Dominica	1978	Roseau	&0000000000079000.00000079,000	&0000000000000751.000000751
Fiji1	1970 1997	Suva	&0000000000841000.000000841,000	&0000000000018274.00000018,274
Gambia	1965	Banjul	&0000000001478000.0000001,478,000	&0000000000011295.00000011,295
Ghana	1957	Accra	&0000000021664000.00000021,664,000	&0000000000238533.000000238,533
Grenada	1974	St. George's	&0000000000102000.000000102,000	&0000000000000344.000000344
Guyana	1966	Georgetown	&0000000000750000.000000750,000	&0000000000214969.000000214,969
India	1949	New Delhi	&0000001087124000.0000001,087,124,000	&0000000003166414.0000003,166,414
Jamaica	1962	Kingston	&0000000002639000.0000002,639,000	&0000000000010991.00000010,991
Kenya	1963	Nairobi	&0000000033467000.00000033,467,000	&0000000000580367.000000580,367
Kiribati	1979	Tarawa	&0000000000097000.00000097,000	&0000000000000726.000000726
Lesotho	1966	Maseru	&0000000001798000.0000001,798,000	&0000000000030355.00000030,355
Malawi	1964	Lilongwe	&0000000012608000.00000012,608,000	&0000000000118484.000000118,484
Malaysia	1957	Kuala Lumpur (legislative) Putrajaya (executive)	&0000000027356000.00000027,356,000	&0000000000329847.000000329,847
Maldives	1982	Malé	&0000000000321000.000000321,000	&0000000000000298.000000298
Malta	1964	Valletta	&0000000000400000.000000400,000	&0000000000000316.000000316
Mauritius	1968	Port Louis	&0000000001233000.0000001,233,000	&0000000000002040.0000002,040
Mozambique	1995	Maputo	&0000000019424000.00000019,424,000	&0000000000801590.000000801,590
Namibia	1990	Windhoek	&0000000002009000.0000002,009,000	&0000000000824292.000000824,292
Nauru²	1968	Yaren (unofficial)	&0000000000013000.00000013,000	&0000000000000021.00000021
New Zealand	1931	Wellington	&0000000004109000.0000004,109,000	&0000000000270534.000000270,534
Nigeria³	1960 1999	Abuja	&0000000128709000.000000128,709,000	&0000000000923768.000000923,768
Pakistan4	1949 1989 2004	Islamabad	&0000000161488000.000000161,488,000	&0000000000880940.000000880,940
Papua New Guinea	1975	Port Moresby	&0000000005772000.0000005,772,000	&0000000000462840.000000462,840
Saint Kitts and Nevis	1983	Basseterre	&0000000000042000.00000042,000	&0000000000000261.000000261
Saint Lucia	1979	Castries	&0000000000159000.000000159,000	&0000000000000539.000000539
Saint Vincent and the Grenadines	1979	Kingstown	&0000000000118000.000000118,000	&0000000000000388.000000388
Samoa	1970	Apia	&0000000000184000.000000184,000	&0000000000002831.0000002,831
Seychelles	1976	Victoria	&0000000000080000.00000080,000	&0000000000000455.000000455
Sierra Leone	1961	Freetown	&0000000005336000.0000005,336,000	&0000000000071740.00000071,740
Singapore	1965	Singapore	&0000000004680600.0000004,680,600	&0000000000000704.000000704
Solomon Islands	1978	Honiara	&0000000000466000.000000466,000	&0000000000028896.00000028,896
South Africa5	1931 1994	Pretoria (executive) Bloemfontein (judicial) Cape Town (legislative)	&0000000047208000.00000047,208,000	&0000000001221037.0000001,221,037
Sri Lanka	1948	Sri Jayawardhanapura Kotte	&0000000020570000.00000020,570,000	&0000000000065610.00000065,610
Swaziland	1968	Mbabane	&0000000001034000.0000001,034,000	&0000000000017364.00000017,364
Tanzania	1961	Dodoma	&0000000037627000.00000037,627,000	&0000000000945087.000000945,087
Tonga	1970	Nukuʻalofa	&0000000000102000.000000102,000	&0000000000000747.000000747
Trinidad and Tobago	1962	Port of Spain	&0000000001301000.0000001,301,000	&0000000000005130.0000005,130
Tuvalu	1978	Funafuti	&0000000000010000.00000010,000	&0000000000000026.00000026
Uganda	1962	Kampala	&0000000025827000.00000025,827,000	&0000000000241038.000000241,038
United Kingdom	1931	London	&0000000060609155.00000060,609,155	&0000000000242900.000000242,900
Vanuatu	1980	Port Vila	&0000000000207000.000000207,000	&0000000000012189.00000012,189
Zambia	1964	Lusaka	&0000000011479000.00000011,479,000	&0000000000752618.000000752,618
Total			&0000001921974000.0000001,921,974,000	&0000000031462574.00000031,462,574