A commune is an administrative subdivision of various European and African countries, including Belgium, France, Germany, Luxembourg, Poland, Senegal, and the Scandinavian countries. Within its territory it is the modern heir of the Medieval commune. World map showing location of Europe A satellite composite image of Europe Europe is geologically and geographically a peninsula, forming the westernmost part of Eurasia. ... World map showing location of Africa A satellite composite image of Africa Africa is the worlds second-largest continent in both area and population, after Asia. ... Scandinavia is the cultural and historic region of the Scandinavian Peninsula. ... Defensive towers at San Gimignano, Tuscany, bear witness to the factional strife within communes. ...
It's sometimes translated as municipality and corresponds to individual villages, towns, cities, or groupings of hamlets, governed by a mayor and a city/municipal council. A municipality or general-purpose district (compare with: special-purpose district) is an administrative local area generally composed of a clearly defined territory and commonly referring to a city, town, or village government. ... A mayor (from the Latin maīor, meaning larger,greater) is the politician who serves as chief executive official of some types of municipalities. ... A city council is the most common style of legislative government in a city or town. ...
But it is logically possible that a country's government bodies are located in a tertiary subdivision, which is in a larger secondary division, which is in a still larger primary division, and none of them are called "city".
It is followed by columns with codes or abbreviations for the subdivisions, their populations, their areas in square kilometers and square miles, their capitals, and other data as appropriate.
In some countries the capital always has the same name as its subdivision; in those cases, the capital column is omitted, and a note appears in the captions field (gray background).
Commune is sometimes translated as "municipality A municipality or "general-purpose district" (compare with: "special-purpose district") is an administrative local area generally composed of a clearly defined territory and commonly referring to a city, town, or village government.
Commune in France The commune (in French: commune, word appeared in the 12th century, from Medieval Latin communia, gathering of people sharing a common life, from Latin communis, things held in common) is the lowest level of administrative division in the French Republic.
Commune in Poland Gmina is the principal unit (lowest level) of the territorial division in Poland, and is equivalent to a commune or municipality.
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