The Commune of Rome was briefly established by Arnold of Brescia in the Middle Ages. It was the first time since the classical ages of Europe that a monarchy had been overthrown. Eventually Pope Adrian IV suppressed the revolt with help from Frederick I . Arnold of Brescia, (1090-1155), was a monk from Italy who participated in the Commune of Rome and started the subsequent rebellion. ... The Middle Ages formed the middle period in a traditional schematic division of European history into three ages: the classical civilization of Antiquity, the Middle Ages, and modern times, beginning with the Renaissance. ... The span of recorded history is roughly 5,000-5,500 years, with cuneiform possibly being the oldest form of writing. ... World map showing location of Europe Europe is geologically and geographically a peninsula, forming the westernmost part of Eurasia. ... A monarchy, (from the Greek monos, one, and archein, to rule) is a form of government that has a monarch as Head of State. ... Adrian IV or Hadrian IV, né Nicholas Breakspear ( 1100 - 1 September 1159) was pope from 1154 to 1159. ... Frederick in a 13th century Chronicle Friedrich I. von Hohenstaufen (1122 – June 10, 1190), also known as Friedrich Barbarossa (Frederick Redbeard) was elected king of Germany on March 4, 1152 and crowned Holy Roman Emperor on June 18, 1155. ...