In computer science, a list is an abstract concept denoting an ordered collection of fixed-length entities. In practice, any list is either an array or a linked list of some sort. The use of the concept allows to treat them regardless of implementation. For this reason, lists have properties... List by country

• Until 1990, Albania was one of the worlds most isolated and controlled countries, and installation and maintenance of a modern system of international and domestic telecommunications was precluded. Callers previously needed operator assistance even to make domestic long-distance calls. Albanias telephone density was the lowest in Europe... Communications in Albania
• Telephones - main lines in use: 31,980 (1997) Telephones - mobile cellular: 8,618 (1997) Telephone system: domestic: modern system with microwave radio relay connections between exchanges international: landline circuits to France and Spain Radio broadcast stations: AM 0, FM 15, shortwave 0 (1998) Radios: 16,000 (1997) Television broadcast stations... Communications in Andorra
• Telephones - main lines in use: 4 million (consisting of 3,600,000 analog main lines plus 400,000 Integrated Services Digital Network connections); in addition, there are 300,000 Asymmetric Digital Services lines (01/2004) Telephones - mobile cellular: 6.415 million (2002) Telephone system: gerneral assessment: highly developed and efficient... Communications in Austria

• Telephones - main lines in use: 2.537 million (1997) Telephones - mobile cellular: 8,000 (1999) Telephone system: the Ministry of Telecommunications controls all telecommunications through its carrier (a joint stock company) Beltelcom which is a monopoly domestic: local - Minsk has a digital metropolitan network and a cellular NMT-450 network... Communications in Belarus
• Telephones - main lines in use: 4.769 million (1997) Telephones - mobile cellular: 974,494 (1997) Telephone system: highly developed, technologically advanced, and completely automated domestic and international telephone and telegraph facilities domestic: nationwide cellular telephone system; extensive cable network; limited microwave radio relay network international: 5 submarine cables; satellite earth... Communications in Belgium
• Telephones - main lines in use: 3.186 million (1999) Telephones - mobile cellular: 3 million (2003) Telephone system: more than two-thirds of the lines are residential Domestic: Extensive but antiquated transmission system of coaxial cable and microwave radio relay; telephone service is available in most villages; a more modern digital... Communications in Bulgaria

• Telephones - main lines in use: 1,721,139 (2000) Telephones - mobile cellular: 2 million (2004) Telephone system: domestic: reconstruction plan calls for replacement of all analog circuits with digital and enlarging the network; a backup will be included in the plan for the main trunk international: digital international service is... Communications in Croatia
• Telecommunications Telephones - main lines in use: Greek Cypriot area: 405,000 (1998); Turkish Cypriot area: 70,845 (1996) Telephones - mobile cellular: Greek Cypriot area: 68,000 (1998); Turkish Cypriot area: 70,000 (1999) Telephone system: excellent in both the Greek Cypriot and Turkish Cypriot areas domestic: open wire, fiber-optic... Communications in Cyprus
• Telephones - main lines in use: 3.869 million (2000) Telephones - mobile cellular: 4.346 million (2000) Telephone system: domestic: 86% of exchanges now digital; existing copper subscriber systems now being enhanced with Asymmetric Digital Subscriber Line (ADSL) equipment to accommodate Internet and other digital signals; trunk systems include fiber-optic... Communications in the Czech Republic

• Telephones - main lines in use: 3.679 million (2000) Telephones - mobile cellular: 2.6 million (1999) Telephone system: excellent telephone and telegraph services domestic: buried and submarine cables and microwave radio relay form trunk network, 4 cellular radio communications systems international: 18 submarine fiber-optic cables linking Denmark with Norway... Communications in Denmark

• Telephones - main lines in use: 476,078 (year end 1998) Telephones - mobile cellular: 850,000 (year end 2002) Telephone system: Foreign investment in the form of joint business ventures greatly improved telephone service. Internet services are available throughout most of the country; there are about 150,000 unfilled subscriber requests... Communications in Estonia

• Telephones - main lines in use: 22,000 (1995) Telephones - mobile cellular: 35,000 (2004) est. Telephone system: good international communications; good domestic facilities domestic: digitalization was to have been completed in 1998 international: satellite earth stations - 1 Orion; 1 fiber-optic submarine cable linking the Faroe Islands with Denmark and... Communications in the Faroe Islands
• Telephones - main lines in use: 2.855 million (1998) Telephones - mobile cellular: 2003 figures state that 93% of households own at least one mobile phone Telephone system: modern system with excellent service domestic: cable, microwave radio relay, and an extensive cellular net take provide of domestic needs international: 1 submarine... Communications in Finland
• Telephones - main lines in use: 33.91 million (year end 2003) Telephones - mobile cellular: 41.68 million (year end 2003) Telephone system: highly developed domestic: extensive cable and microwave radio relay; extensive introduction of fiber-optic cable; domestic satellite system international: satellite earth stations - 2 Intelsat (with total of 5... Communications in France

• Instrumental in founding the Universal Postal Union, Germany early on set standards for international communications and the development of an integrated internal system, which has developed with technological advances from land mail (Turn und Taxis), to telegraph, to modern-day telephone and satellite communications. Telephones - main lines in use: NA... Communications in Germany
• Telecommunications Until 1990, telephone services were operated by the Gibraltar Telephone Department. In that year, the Government of Gibraltar entered into two joint ventures with Nynex of the United States, and BT in the United Kingdom. Gibraltar Nynex Communications (GNC) became responsible for fixed line telephony, and international calls to... Communications in Gibraltar
• Telecommunications OTE is the main player in fixed-line telephony. There are also some smaller companies as Vivodi and Q-telecom. Telephones - main lines in use: 5.431 million (1997). Telephone system: adequate, modern networks reach all areas; microwave radio relay carries most traffic; extensive open-wire network; submarine cables... Communications in Greece

• Telephones - main lines in use: 3.616 million (2003) [1] Telephones - mobile cellular: 7.005 million (2003) [2] Telephone system: The telephone system has been modernized and is capable of satisfying all requests for telecommunication service. domestic: The system is digitalized and highly automated. Trunk services are carried by fiber... Communications in Hungary

• Telephones - main lines in use: 196,984 (2001) Telephones - mobile cellular: 248,131 (221,231 GSM, 26,900 NMT) (2001) Telephone system: extensive domestic service domestic: the trunk network consists of coaxial and fiber-optic cables and microwave radio relay links international: satellite earth stations - 2 Intelsat (Atlantic Ocean), 1... Communications in Iceland
• Communications in the Republic of Ireland, including postal services run by An Post, are regulated to a large extent by the Commission for Communications Regulation (ComReg), the Minister for Communications, Marine & Natural Resources has overall responsibility for national policy and regulation. Much of Irelands communications infrastructure is modern... Communications in Ireland
• Telephones - main lines in use: 25 million (1999) Telephones - mobile cellular: 20.5 million (1999) Telephone system: modern, well-developed, fast; fully automated telephone, telex, and data services domestic: high-capacity cable and microwave radio relay trunks international: satellite earth stations - 3 Intelsat (with a total of 5 antennas - 3... Communications in Italy

• Telephones - main lines in use: NA Telephones - mobile cellular: Jersey Telecom Telephone system: domestic: Jersey Telecom international: 3 submarine cables Radio broadcast stations: BBC Radio Jersey 88.8fm Channel 103 103.7fm Radio Lions (closed circuit Hospital Radio) Radios: NA Television broadcast stations: 2 (1997). Channel Television - See entry on... Communications in Jersey

• Telephones - main lines in use: 701,200 (2002) Telephones - mobile cellular: 917,200 (2002) Telephone system: fixed line quality and coverage inadequate outside major cities, around 96.53% of country covered by at least one mobile operator though. domestic: expansion underway in intercity trunk line connections, rural exchanges, and mobile... Communications in Latvia
• Telephones - main lines in use: 20,072 (2000) Telephones - mobile cellular: NA Telephone system: automatic telephone system domestic: NA international: linked to Swiss networks by cable and microwave radio relay In April 1999, Liechtenstein ceasd to be part of the Swiss telephone numbering plan (using the area code 075) and... Communications in Liechtenstein
• Telephones - main lines in use: 1.142 million (2001) Telephones - mobile cellular: 2,300,000 (penetration of 70%) (2004) Telephone system: inadequate but is being modernized to provide an improved international capability and better residential access domestic: a national fiber-optic cable interurban trunk system is nearing completion; rural exchanges... Communications in Lithuania
• Telephones - main lines in use: 314,700 (1999) Telephones - mobile cellular: 215,741 (2000) Telephone system: highly developed, completely automated and efficient system, mainly buried cables domestic: nationwide cellular telephone system; buried cable international: 3 channels leased on TAT-6 coaxial submarine cable (Europe to North America) Radio broadcast stations... Communications in Luxembourg

• Telephones - main lines in use: 187,000 (1997) Telephones - mobile cellular: 17,691 (1997), 141,006 (March 2001), 303,980, i.e. 75.8 per 100 population (2004) Telephone system: automatic system satisfies normal requirements domestic: submarine cable and microwave radio relay between islands international: 2 submarine cables; satellite earth... Communications in Malta
• Moldovas telecommunications facilities are poor, but they were being upgraded in 1995. In 1990 Moldova had an average of twelve telephones per 100 inhabitants (heavily concentrated in urban areas), and there were more than 200,000 unfilled orders for telephone installation. In 1994 Moldova installed 23,800 telephone lines... Communications in Moldova
• Telephones - main lines in use: 31,027 (1995) Telephones - mobile cellular: 2,560 (1994) Telephone system: automatic telephone system domestic: NA international: no satellite earth stations; connected by cable into the French communications system, however since June 1996, Monaco has had a separate country calling code, +377. Radio broadcast stations... Communications in Monaco
• Telephones - main lines in use: 408,000 (1997) Telephones - mobile cellular: 12,362 (1997) Telephone system: domestic: NA international: NA Radio broadcast stations: AM 29, FM 20, shortwave 0 (1998) Radios: 410,000 (1997) Television broadcast stations: 136 (1997) Televisions: 510,000 (1997) Internet Service Providers (ISPs): 6 (1999) Internet... Communications in the Republic of Macedonia

• < Netherlands Telephone Telephones - main lines in use: 10.0 million (2002) Telephones - mobile cellular subscribers: 12.1 million (2002) Telephone system: general assessment: highly developed and well maintained domestic: extensive fixed-line fiber-optic network; cellular telephone system is one of the largest in Europe with five major network... Communications in the Netherlands
• Telephones - main lines in use: 2.735 million (1998) Telephones - mobile cellular: 2,080,408 (1998) Telephone system: high-quality domestic and international telephone, telegraph, and telex services domestic: domestic satellite system international: 2 buried coaxial cable systems; 4 coaxial submarine cables; satellite earth stations - NA Eutelsat, NA Intelsat (Atlantic... Communications in Norway

• Telephones - main lines in use: 3.724 million (1996) Telephones - mobile cellular: 7,977,500 (2001) Cell Networks(2G/3G): TMN - Telecomunicações Móveis Nacionais (2G+3G licence) Vodafone (2G+3G licence) ; Yorn (Virtual Carrier, runs under Vodafone prefix) Optimus (2G+3G licence) Telephone system: domestic: generally adequate... Communications in Portugal

• Telephones - main lines in use: 25.019 million (1995) Telephones - mobile cellular: 30 million (2003) Telephone system: The telephone system has undergone significant changes in the 1990s; there are more than 1,000 companies licensed to offer communication services; access to digital lines has improved, particularly in urban centers; Internet... Communications in Russia
• Telephones - main lines in use: 4,300,000 (2003) Telephones - mobile cellular: 10,195,170 (2004), 3 GSM cellular networks covering more than 85% of the territory (about 98% of the population) as well as one CDMA network. See Connex GSM Romania and Orange networks, or Largest mobile phone companies... Communications in Romania

• Telephones - main lines in use: 18,000 (1998) Telephones - mobile cellular: 3,010 (1998) Telephone system: domestic: automatic telephone system completely integrated into Italian system international: microwave radio relay and cable connections to Italian network; no satellite earth stations Radio broadcast stations: AM 0, FM 3, shortwave 0 (1998) Radios... Communications in San Marino
• Telephones - main lines in use 2.017 million (1995) Telephones - mobile cellular 4.200 million (2004) Telephone system general assessment NA domestic NA international satellite earth station - 1 Intelsat (Atlantic Ocean) Radio broadcast stations AM 113, FM 194, shortwave 2 (1998) Radios 3.15 million (1997) Television broadcast stations more... Communications in Serbia and Montenegro
• Telephones - main lines in use: 25,000 (2001), 17,000 (1995) Telephones - mobile cellular: 30,000 (2001) Telephone system: marginal telephone and telegraph service domestic: the national microwave radio relay trunk system connects Freetown to Bo and Kenema international: satellite earth station - 1 Intelsat (Atlantic Ocean) Radio broadcast stations: AM... Communications in Sierra Leone
• Telephones - main lines in use: 1.557 million (1998) Telephones - mobile cellular: Eurotel - 942 615 (2001) Orange - 1 204 716 (2001) Telephone system: domestic: predominantly an analog system which is now receiving digital equipment and is being enlarged with fiber-optic cable, especially in the larger cities; mobile cellular capability... Communications in Slovakia
• Telephones - number of subscribers: 562.000 analog subscribers, 119.000 ISDN subscribers, 130.000 Centreks subscribers (2004) Telephones - mobile cellular: 662.619 paid subscriptions and 848.914 users of prepaid phones (2001), 83% mobile penetration (as of 30 June 2003) Telephone system: domestic: 100% digital international: 100% digital Radio broadcast... Communications in Slovenia
• Telephones - main lines in use: 17.336 million (1999) Telephones - mobile cellular: 8.394 million (1999) Telephone system: generally adequate, modern facilities domestic: NA international: 22 coaxial submarine cables; satellite earth stations - 2 Intelsat (1 Atlantic Ocean and 1 Indian Ocean), NA Eutelsat; tropospheric scatter to adjacent countries Radio broadcast... Communications in Spain
• Communications in Sweden Telephones main lines in use: 6.017 million (December 1998) mobile cellular: 3.835 million (October 1998) general assessment: excellent domestic and international facilities; automatic system domestic: coaxial and multiconductor cable carry most voice traffic; parallel microwave radio relay network carries some additional telephone channels international: 5... Communications in Sweden
• Telephones - main lines in use: 4.82 million (1998) Telephones - mobile cellular: 810,170 (1999) Telephone system: excellent domestic and international services domestic: extensive cable and microwave radio relay networks international: satellite earth stations - 2 Intelsat (Atlantic Ocean and Indian Ocean) Radio broadcast stations: AM 4, FM 113 (plus many... Communications in Switzerland

• Telephones - main lines in use: 9.45 million (April 1999) Telephones - mobile cellular: 236,000 (1998) Telephone system: Ukraines telecommunication development plan, running through 2005, emphasizes improving domestic trunk lines and international connections, and developing a mobile cellular system domestic: At independence in December 1991, Ukraine inherited a telephone... Communications in Ukraine
• Telephones - main lines in use: 29.41 million (1995) Telephones - mobile cellular: 40 million [over 80% of population] (2002) Telephone system: technologically advanced domestic and international system domestic: equal mix of buried cables, microwave radio relay, and fiber-optic systems international: 40 coaxial submarine cables; satellite earth stations - 10 Intelsat... Communications in the United Kingdom