The Communist Action Organization (COA) or Organization of Communist Action (Arabic munażżamatu-l-‘amali-sh-shuyū‘ī fī lubnān, French Organisation de l'Action Communiste du Liban, OCAL) was a minor Marxist-Leninist political party and militia in Lebanon. Communism - Wikipedia /**/ @import /w/skins-1. ... Arabic (; , less formally, ) is the largest member of the Semitic branch of the Afro-Asiatic language family (classification: South Central Semitic) and is closely related to Hebrew and Aramaic. ... Vladimir Lenin in 1920 Leninism is a political and economic theory which builds upon Marxism; it is a branch of Marxism (and it has been the dominant branch of Marxism in the world since the 1920s). ... A political party is an organization that seeks to attain political power within a government, usually by participating in electoral campaigns. ... A militia is a group of citizens organized to provide paramilitary service. ...

Membership

It was one of Lebanon's few multi-sectarian parties, incorporating Christians, Muslims and Druze, but its main base was among Shi'a Muslims.[1] In the 1980s, it had a membership of about 2000.[2] As a noun, Christian is an appellation and moniker deriving from the appellation Christ, which many people associate exclusively with Jesus of Nazareth. ... A Muslim (Arabic: مسلم) (sometimes also spelled Moslem) is an adherent of Islam. ... The Druze (Arabic: duruzÄ« درزي, pl. ... Shia Islam ( Arabic شيعى follower; English has traditionally used Shiite or Shiite) is the second largest Islamic denomination; some 20-25% of all Muslims are said to follow a Shia tradition. ...

History of the COA

The COA was formed through the merger of the Organization of Socialist Lebanon and the Movement of Lebanese Socialists in 1970, under the leadership of Muhsen Ibrahim. These groups included veterans of the Lebanese branch of the Arab Nationalist Movement (ANM), a left-wing radical Pan-Arab group which had splintered into national factions in the late 1960s. The COA was not affiliated to George Hawi's Lebanese Communist Party (LCP), which it criticized for "reformist tendencies"[3], but held unsuccessful talks on a party merger in the mid-1970s. Arab Nationalist Movement (Harakat al-Qaumiyeen al-Arabi), a radical pan-Arab nationalist organization. ... In politics, left-wing, political left, leftism, or simply the left, are terms which refer (with no particular precision) to the segment of the political spectrum typically associated with any of several strains of socialism, social democracy, or liberalism (especially in the American sense of the word), or with opposition... Pan-Arabism is a movement for unification among the Arab peoples and nations of the Middle East. ... George Hawi (1938 – June 21, 2005) was a Lebanese politician and former secretary general of the Lebanese Communist Party. ... One of the oldest multisectarian parties in Lebanon, the Lebanese Communist Party (LCP) was formed in 1924 by a group of intellectuals. ...

The COA was involved in the Lebanese Civil War, on the side of the Lebanese National Movement (LNM), of which Ibrahim was Executive Secretary. However, the LNM dissolved after the death of its founder, Druze PSP leader Kamal Jumblatt in 1977. As Syria strengthened its hold on Lebanon, the COA was forced underground, since it refused to give up its alliance with the Palestinian Liberation Organization (PLO) of Yassir Arafat, who was opposed to the Syrian President Hafez al-Assad. The COA had strong relations to the Marxist Palestinian faction of Naif Hawatmeh, Democratic Front for the Liberation of Palestine (DFLP), and was involved with that group's party newspaper al-Hurriya (Liberty).[4] For the civil conflict of 1958, see Lebanon crisis of 1958. ... The Lebanese National Movement was led by Kamal Jumblat, a prominent Druze. ... The Druze (Arabic: duruzÄ« درزي, pl. ... The Progressive Socialist Party (PSP) (Arabic al-hizb al-taqadummi al-ishtiraki) is a political party in Lebanon. ... Kamal Jumblatt (December 6, 1917 – March 16, 1977) was an important Lebanese philosopher and politician. ... The Syrian presence in Lebanon, also known as the Syrian occupation of Lebanon, began in 1976 as a result of a Lebanese government invitation during Lebanons civil war, and ended in April 2005 in response to domestic and international pressure after the murder of former Lebanese Prime Minister, Rafik... The Palestine Liberation Organization (PLO) (Arabic Munazzamat al-Tahrir Filastiniyyah منظمة تحرير فلسطينية ) is a political and paramilitary organization of Palestinian Arabs dedicated to the establishment of an independent Palestinian state to consist of the area between the Jordan River and the Mediterranean Sea, with an intent to destroy Israel. ... Yasser Arafat Yasser Arafat (August 4 or August 24, 1929 – November 11, 2004), born Muhammad `Abd ar-Rauf al-Qudwa al-Husayni (Arabic محمد عبد الرؤوف القدوة الحسيني) and also known as Abu `Ammar (ابو عمّار), was co-founder and Chairman of the Palestine Liberation Organization (PLO) (1969–2004... This page lists presidents and other Heads of State of Syria. ... Hafez al-Assad Hafez al-Assad (October 6, 1930 - June 10, 2000) was the president Syria from 1971 to 2000. ... Marxism is the political practice and social theory based on the works of Karl Marx, a 19th century philosopher, economist, journalist, and revolutionary, along with Friedrich Engels. ... The term Palestinian has other usages, for which see definitions of Palestinian. ... Naif Hawatmeh Naif Hawatmeh (kunya Abu an-Nuf, b. ... The Democratic Front for the Liberation of Palestine (Arabic: الجبهة الديموقراطية لتحرير فلسطين, transliterated Al-Jabhah al-Dimuqratiyah Li-Tahrir Filastin) is a Palestinian Marxist-Leninist political and military organization. ...

During 1982-2000, the COA allied, despite being a secular movement, to the Shi'a Islamist Hizbullah movement in its campaign of guerrilla warfare against Israeli occupation of South Lebanon. Secularism is commonly defined as the idea that religion should not interfere with or be integrated into the public affairs of a society. ... Shia Islam ( Arabic شيعى follower; English has traditionally used Shiite or Shiite) is the second largest Islamic denomination; some 20-25% of all Muslims are said to follow a Shia tradition. ... Islamism is a political ideology derived from the conservative religious views of Muslim fundamentalism. ... Hezbollah militant Guerrilla carrying Hezbollah Flag Hezbollah (Arabic ‮حزب الله‬, meaning Party of God) is a political and military organization in Lebanon founded in 1982 to fight Israel in southern Lebanon. ... Guerrilla War redirects here. ... Belligerent military occupation, occurs when one nations military garrisons occupy all or part of the territory of another nation or recognized belligerent during an invasion (during or after a war). ...

See also

• Politics of Lebanon
• Demographics of Lebanon
• Lebanese Civil War