The Netherlands

This article is part of the series: Politics and government of the Netherlands Motto: Je Maintiendrai (Dutch: Ik zal handhaven, English: I Shall Uphold) Anthem: Wilhelmus van Nassouwe Capital Amsterdam1 Largest city Amsterdam Official language(s) Dutch2 Government Parliamentary democracy Constitutional monarchy  - Queen Beatrix  - Prime minister Jan Peter Balkenende Independence Eighty Years War   - Declared July 26, 1581   - Recognised January 30, 1648 (by Spain... Image File history File links Coat_of_arms_of_the_Netherlands. ... The Politics of the Netherlands take place within the framework of a parliamentary representative democracy and a constitutional monarchy. ...

Kingdom of the Netherlands Constitution Monarchy Queen Beatrix Cabinet Present cabinet Prime Minister Jan Peter Balkenende Ministry of General Affairs Coalition: CDA, VVD Parliament First Chamber Second Chamber Political parties Politicians Elections: 2006 Council of State Supreme Court Provinces EU Politics Drugs policy Foreign relations Terminology

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The Communist Party of the Netherlands (Dutch: Communistische Partij Nederland, CPN) is a Dutch communist political party. The CPN is one of the predecessors of the GreenLeft. The Netherlands have been an independent monarchy since March 16, 1815, and have been governed by members of the House of Orange-Nassau since. ... Queen Beatrix of the Netherlands (born as Beatrix Wilhelmina Armgard prinses der Nederlanden, prinses van Oranje-Nassau, prinses van Lippe-Biesterfeld) (born January 31, 1938), has been the Queen regnant of the Kingdom of the Netherlands since April 30, 1980. ... The cabinet of the Netherlands or council of ministers plans and implements government policy. ... The second cabinet of Jan Peter Balkenende has been in office in the Netherlands from May 27, 2003. ... The Prime Minister of the Netherlands (Minister-President in Dutch) is the chairman of the council of ministers and active executive authority of the Dutch government. ... (L to R): Silvio Berlusconi, Romano Prodi, António Vitorino and Jan Peter Balkenende. ... The Christian Democratic Appeal (CDA) (Dutch: Christen Democratisch Appèl) is a Dutch christian-democratic political party. ... The Peoples Party for Freedom and Democracy (VVD) (Dutch: Volkspartij voor Vrijheid en Democratie) is a Dutch liberal political party. ... The Estates-General (Staten-Generaal) is the parliament of the Netherlands. ... The Eerste Kamer (literally First Chamber in Dutch) is the Upper House or Senate of the Netherlands parliament, the States-General. ... The Tweede Kamer (second chamber) is the lower house of the Staten-Generaal, the parliament in the Netherlands. ... This article lists political parties in the Netherlands. ... Elections in the Netherlands gives information on election and election results in the Netherlands. ... The next Dutch general election were originally scheduled for May 15, 2007 as the parlimament was to be dissolved on April 2, 2007. ... In the Netherlands, the Council of State is a constitutionally established advisory body to the government which consists of members of the royal family and Crown-appointed members generally having political, commercial, diplomatic, or military experience. ... Hoge Raad der Nederlanden is the Supreme Court of the Netherlands, situated in The Hague. ... The modern day Netherlands are divided into twelve provinces (provincies in Dutch), listed below with their capital city: Map of the Netherlands, with provinces and capital cities See also the ranked list of Dutch provinces // Structure A Dutch province represents the administrative layer in between the national government and the... To meet Wikipedias quality standards, this article or section may require cleanup. ... Image File history File links European_flag. ... The drug policy of the Netherlands is based on two principles: Drug use is a public health issue, not a criminal matter A distinction between hard drugs and soft drugs exists It is a pragmatic policy. ... The Netherlands abandoned its traditional policy of neutrality after World War II. The Dutch have since become engaged participants in international affairs. ... There are several terms used in Dutch politics which are not easily translated into English. ... Information on politics by country is available for every country, including both de jure and de facto independent states, inhabited dependent territories, as well as areas of special sovereignty. ... This article is about communism as a form of society and as a political movement. ... A political party is an organization that seeks to attain political power within a government, usually by participating in electoral campaigns. ... This article is about the Dutch political party. ...

Party History

Foundation

In 1907 Ceton and Wijnkoop founded De Tribune (The Tribune), a magazine in which they criticized the leadership of the SDAP of which they were a member. They were still oriented towards orthodox marxism and expected a proletarian revolution and opposed the leadership of the SDAP, who were more oriented towards more a revisionist ideology and a parliamentary and reformist political strategy. At a party congress in Deventer 1908 the leadership of the SDAP demanded that they stop publishing De Tribune or else they will be removed from the party ranks. Wijnkoop and Ceton refused and they and their supporters, including the poet Herman Gorter lost their membership to the SDAP. This conflict took place in almost all European Socialist parties, but the SDP was one of the parties founded as an orthodox marxist split. In 1909 dissenters founded a new party called, Social-Democratic Party (SDP). The Social Democratic Workers Party (in Dutch: Sociaal Democratische Arbeiders Partij, SDAP) was a Dutch socialist political party and a predecessor of the social-democratic PvdA. // Party History 1893-1904 The SDAP was founded by members of the Sociaal-Democratische Bond (SDB) after a conflict between anarchist and reformist factions. ... Marxism refers to the philosophy and social theory based on Karl Marxs work on one hand, and to the political practice based on Marxist theory on the other hand (namely, parts of the First International during Marxs time, communist parties and later states). ... A communist revolution is a social revolution inspired by the ideas of Marxism that aims to replace capitalism with communism, normally with socialism (public ownership over the means of production) as an intermediate stage. ... This article or section does not cite its references or sources. ... States currently utilizing parliamentary systems are denoted in orange and red—the former being constitutional monarchies where authority is vested in a parliament, and the latter being parliamentary republics whose parliaments are effectively supreme over a separate head of state. ... Reformism (also called revisionism or revisionist theory) is the belief that gradual changes in a society can ultimately change its fundamental structures. ... Deventer is a municipality and a city in the eastern Netherlands in the province of Overijssel on the east bank of the IJssel river. ... Herman Gorter (born Wormerveer, Netherlands, 1864) was a late 19th century and early 20th century Dutch poet and Socialist. ...

1909-1945

In the 1910s the SDAP spent a lot attention to combatting the newly formed SDP. The mobilization for the First World War, which the SDAP supported and the SDP opposed further strengthened the differences between the parties. The Russian Revolution of 1917 fractured most European parties between their revolutionary and reformist factions, which had already happened in the Netherlands. The party entered the 1917 elections but was unable to win any seats. Ypres, 1917, in the vicinity of the Battle of Passchendaele. ... The Russian Revolution of 1917 was a series of political events in Russia, which, after the elimination of the Russian autocracy system, and the Provisional Government (Duma), resulted in the establishment of the Soviet power under the control of the Bolshevik party. ... Elections in the Netherlands for the Tweede Kamer of Parliament The parties agreed to held elections in which the incumbent members of parliament were the only candidates in order to allow a change in the constitution to introduce universal male suffrage and proportional representation. ...

In 1918 the SDP entered the elections again. Now it won two seats, Wijnkoop assumed the leadership of the party, The SDP formed a revolutionary parliamentary party with the League of Christian Socialists, which had one seats and the Socialist Party, also one seat. In 1919 the SDP joins the Comintern, the worldwide alliance of revolutionary socialist parties, which was lead by the Communist Party of the Soviet Union. It was forced to change its name to Communist Party Holland (CPH) by the Comintern. In 1920 prominent communists Gorter and Pannekoek left the party, because they advocated council communism. In the 1922 elections the CPH retains its two seats. One of its unsuccessful candidates that year, Tan Malaka, was the first subject of the colonial Dutch East Indies to run for office in the Netherlands. Introduction The 1918 elections were the first elections under universal male suffrage and proportional representation. ... A caucus is most generally defined as being a meeting of supporters or members of a political party or movement. ... The Socialist Party (in Dutch: Socialistische Partij, SP) was a Dutch revolutionary syndicalist libertarian socialist political party. ... The Comintern (Russian: Коммунистический Интернационал, Kommunisticheskiy Internatsional – Communist International, also known as the Third International) was an international Communist organization founded in March 1919, in the midst of the war communism period (1918-1921), by Vladimir Lenin and the Russian Communist Party (Bolshevik), which intended to fight by all available means, including... The Communist Party of the Soviet Union (Russian: Коммунисти́ческая Па́ртия Сове́тского Сою́за = КПСС) was the name used by the successors of the Bolshevik faction of the Russian Social-Democratic Labour Party from 1952 to 1991, but the wording Communist Party was present in the partys name since 1918 when the Bolsheviks became the All... Anton Pannekoek Anton Pannekoek (January 2, 1873 – April 28, 1960) was a Dutch astronomer and Marxist theorist. ... Council communism is a Radical Left movement originating in Germany and the Netherlands in the 1920s. ... Introduction The 1922 elections were the first elections under universal suffrage National summary Parties Anti Revolutionary Party (Anti-Revolutionaire Partij) Agrarians League (Plattelandersbond) Christian Historical Union (Christelijke-Historische Unie) Communist Party of Holland (Communistische Partij Holland), continuation of Social Democratic Party Freedom League, merger of Liberal Union, League of Free... Tan Malaka, portrait as published in his autobiography Tan Malaka (1896/1897–c. ... The Dutch East Indies, or Netherlands East Indies, (Dutch: Nederlands-Indië) was the name of the colonies set up by the Dutch East India Company, which came under administration of the Netherlands during the 19th century (see Indonesia). ...

Before the 1925 elections Wijnkoop was replaced as party leader by De Visser under pressures of the Comintern. This was the cause of heavy internal division within the party. At the background of several of these conflicts is the conflict in the Soviet Union between Josef Stalin and Leon Trotsky. Wijnkoop, Henk Sneevliet a prominent international communist and an ally of Trotsky and other prominent membes were expelled from the party. Sneevliet founded the Revolutionary Socialist Union, which later becomes the Revolutionary Socialist Party. In 1926 the entire Rotterdam branch was expelled. These expellees joined Wijnkoop to form a separate Communist Party of Holland-Central Committee. All three, the RSP, the CPH-central committee and the old CPH, running under the name CPH Dutch section of the Communist International, enter the 1929 elections and both CPHs are able to win one seat, the RSP does not. In 1930 the CPHs are forced to merge by the Comintern. In 1933 the party performs particularly well, it doubling its seats to four. This included the Indonesian nationalist Rustam Effendi, the first subject from the Dutch Indies to enter parliament. In the 1937 elections the party is able to retain its seats. National summary Parties Anti Revolutionary Party (Anti-Revolutionaire Partij) Agrarians League (Plattelandersbond) Christian Historical Union (Christelijke-Historische Unie) Communist Party of Holland (Communistische Partij Holland), continuation of Social Democratic Party Freedom League (Vrijheidsbond) Freethinking Democratic League (Vrijzinnig Democratische Bond) Political Reformed Party (Staatkundig Gereformeerde Partij), offshoot of the Anti Revolutionary... (Russian, in full: Ио́сиф Виссарио́нович Ста́лин [Iosif Vissarionovich Stalin]; December 18 [O.S. December 6] 1878[1] – March 5, 1953) was the leader of the Soviet Union from the mid-1920s to his death in 1953 and General Secretary of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union (1922-1953... (Russian: Лев Давидович Троцкий; also transliterated Leo, Lev, Trotskii, Trotski, Trotskij, Trockij and Trotzky) (November 7 [O.S. October 26] 1879 – August 21, 1940), born Lev Davidovich Bronstein (Лев Давидович Бронштейн), was a Bolshevik revolutionary and Marxist theorist. ... Henk Sneevliet (May 13, 1883 - April 13, 1942) was a Dutch Communist, who was active in both the Netherlands and the Dutch East-Indies. ... The Revolutionary Socialist Party (in Dutch: Revolutionair Socialistische Partij, RSP) was a dutch left-communist political party. ... National summary Parties Anti Revolutionary Party (Anti-Revolutionaire Partij) Agrarians League (Plattelandersbond) Centre Party for City and Country (Middenpartij voor Stad en Land) Christian Historical Union (Christelijke-Historische Unie) Communist Party of Holland (Communistische Partij Holland) Communist Party of Holland-Central Committee (Communistische Partij Holland-Centraal Comité), offshoot of the... National summary Parties Anti Revolutionary Party (Anti-Revolutionaire Partij) Agrarians League (Plattelandersbond) Centre Party for City and Country (Middenpartij voor Stad en Land) Christian Democratic Union (Christen-Democratische Unie) Christian Historical Union (Christelijke-Historische Unie) Communist Party of Holland (Communistische Partij Holland) League for National Recovery (Verbond voor Nationaal Herstel... The Dutch East Indies, or Netherlands East Indies, (Dutch: Nederlands Indië) was the name of the colonies set up by the Dutch East India Company, which came under administration of the Netherlands during the 19th century (see Indonesia). ... National summary Parties Anti Revolutionary Party (Anti-Revolutionaire Partij) Christian Democratic Union (Christen-Democratische Unie) Christian Historical Union (Christelijke-Historische Unie) Communist Party of Holland (Communistische Partij Holland) Freethinking Democratic League (Vrijzinnig Democratische Bond) League for National Recovery (Verbond voor Nationaal Herstel) Liberal State Party (Liberale Staatspartij) National Socialist Movement...

In 1940 the National Socialist occupation force forbade the CPN. The party continued illegally. It founded a resistance movement called Raad van Verzet (Resistance Council). It published a resistance newspaper called De Waarheid (The Truth). Both took part in the February Strike in 1941, the largest act of resistance in the Netherlands. The Nazi party used a right-facing swastika as their symbol and the red and black colors were said to represent Blut und Boden (blood and soil). ... Members of the Dutch Eindhoven Resistance with troops of the US 101st Airborne in front of the Eindhoven cathedral during Operation Market Garden in September 1944. ... The 1941 February strike, also known as The Strike of February 1941, was a general strike organized during World War II in The Netherlands against the anti-Jewish measures made by the Nazis. ...

1945-1963

After the war, the party leadership is the hands of Paul de Groot, who has a strong grip on the party's organization.In 1945 the CPN is offered one minister in the cabinet Schermerhorn, mainly because of the CPNs role in the Dutch resisitance. It refuses because the CPN wanted a second minister. In 1946 the party obtains nearly 11% of the vote and 10 seats in the Tweede Kamer. It also the first time the party obtains seats in the Eerste Kamer. The electoral victory is linked to the role of the CPN in the Second World War-resistance. The cabinet Schermerhorn/Drees was in office in The Netherlands from June 24, 1945 until July 3, 1946. ... Introduction After the German occupation, the party system changed by mergers and reorganisations National summary Parties Anti Revolutionary Party (Anti-Revolutionaire Partij) Christian Historical Union (Christelijke-Historische Unie) Communist Party of the Netherlands (Communistische Partij Nederland), a continuation of the Communist Party of Holland Freedom party (Partij voor de Vrijheid... The Tweede Kamer (second chamber) is the lower house of the Staten-Generaal, the parliament in the Netherlands. ... The Eerste Kamer (literally First Chamber in Dutch) is the Upper House or Senate of the Netherlands parliament, the States-General. ...

In the following period is characterized by decreasing popularity for communism, the rise internal divisions and the methodical isolation of the CPN by other parties

With the rise of the Cold War, the party began to loose popularity. The 1948 communist coup in Czechoslovakia tainted the popularity of communism. In the 1948 elections they party looses two seats. In 1949 a group of Frisian communists were removed from the party ranks; they founded the Socialist Union, but they were unable to play a significant role. In the 1952 elections the party looses two additional seats. In 1956 the CPN looses votes again, but because of the expansion of parliament it wins an additional seat. In 1956 the party supported the Russian intervention against the Hungarian revolution. After the invasion the party bureau, located in Felix Meritis in Amsterdam, is attacked by people who oppose the invasion. The Cold War (Russian: Холодная Война Kholodnaya Voina) was the protracted geopolitical, ideological, and economic struggle that emerged after World War II between a worldwide military alliance of capitalist states led by the United States and a rival alliance of communist states led by the Soviet Union. ... Elections in the Netherlands for the Tweede Kamer of Parliament National summary Parties Anti Revolutionary Party (Anti-Revolutionaire Partij) Catholic National Party (Katholieke Nationale Partij) Catholic Peoples Party (Katholieke Volkspartij) Christian Historical Union (Christelijke-Historische Unie) Communist Party of the Netherlands (Communistische Partij Nederland) Labour Party (Partij van de... Capital Leeuwarden Queens Commissioner drs. ... National summary Parties Anti Revolutionary Party (Anti-Revolutionaire Partij) Catholic National Party (Katholieke Nationale Partij) Catholic Peoples Party (Katholieke Volkspartij) Christian Historical Union (Christelijke-Historische Unie) Communist Party of the Netherlands (Communistische Partij Nederland) Labour Party (Partij van de Arbeid) Peoples Party for Freedom and Democracy (Volkspartij voor... The number of seats in the Tweede Kamer was shortly after the elections enlarged to 150 seats National summary Parties Anti Revolutionary Party (Anti-Revolutionaire Partij) Catholic Peoples Party (Katholieke Volkspartij) Christian Historical Union (Christelijke-Historische Unie) Communist Party of the Netherlands (Communistische Partij Nederland) Labour Party (Partij van... Combatants Soviet Union ÁVH Hungarian government, various nationalist militias Commanders Yuri Andropov Pál Maléter, Béla Király, Gergely Pongrátz, József Dudás Strength 150,000 troops, 6,000 tanks 100,000+ demonstrators (some later armed), unknown number of soldiers Casualties 720 killed according to official...

Meanwhile internal dissent against the strict leadership of De Groot is rising. In 1958 the Bruggroep (Bridge group) leaves the CPN in a conflict over the role of the communist union the Eenheidsvakcentrale (Unity Trade Union). Leaders of the Bruggroup were prominent resistance figures like Gerben Wagenaar and Henk Gortzak. The secret service claimed to be behind the split, while the CPN leadership claimed that the dissenters were agents working for the CIA. The Bruggroup founded a new party, the Socialistische Werkers Party (Socialist Workers' Party, SWP). In 1957 the Pacifist Socialist Party is founded which unites former members of the CPN, including members of the Socialist Union, and the PvdA and and other leftwing independents. In the following 1959 elections the CPN looses all but three seats, while the PSP wins to seats, the SWP is unable to win any seats and many SWP members, like Gortzak, later join the PSP The CIA Seal The Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) is an American intelligence agency, responsible for obtaining and analyzing information about foreign governments, corporations, and individuals, and reporting such information to the various branches of the U.S. Government. ... The Pacifist Socialist Party, or PSP, was a Dutch political party. ... For the Belgian political party of the same name, see Partij van de Arbeid (Belgium). ... National summary Parties Anti Revolutionary Party (Anti-Revolutionaire Partij) Catholic Peoples Party (Katholieke Volkspartij) Christian Historical Union (Christelijke-Historische Unie) Communist Party of the Netherlands (Communistische Partij Nederland) Labour Party (Partij van de Arbeid) Pacifist Socialist Party (Pacifistisch Socialistische Partij) Peoples Party for Freedom and Democracy (Volkspartij voor...

In the 1940s and 1950s the CPN is methodically isolated by other parties. Civil servants were forbidden to member of the CPN and it is not allowed separate time on public radio or television. The party's unequivocal support for decolonization of the Dutch Indies isolated the party in parliament. Because of its anti-NATO and EEC stances the party is blocked from the Foreign Affairs, Defense and Nuclear Energy committees in parliament. The Dutch secret service kept close tabs on the party. All other parties in parliament are deeply anti-communist, especially the social-democratic PvdA. The Dutch East Indies, or Netherlands East Indies, (Dutch: Nederlands Indië) was the name of the colonies set up by the Dutch East India Company, which came under administration of the Netherlands during the 19th century (see Indonesia). ... NATO 2002 Summit in Prague The North Atlantic Treaty Organisation[1] (NATO), also called the North Atlantic Alliance, the Atlantic Alliance or the Western Alliance, is an international organisation for collective security established in 1949, in support of the North Atlantic Treaty signed in Washington, DC, on 4 April 1949. ... The European Community (EC), most important of three European Communities, was originally founded on March 25, 1957 by the signing of the Treaty of Rome under the name of European Economic Community. ... Algemene Inlichtingen- en Veiligheidsdienst (AIVD), formerly known as the BVD (Binnenlandse Veiligheidsdienst) is the General Intelligence and Security Office of the Netherlands. ... For the Belgian political party of the same name, see Partij van de Arbeid (Belgium). ...

1963-1989

In 1963 elections the party gains one seat. The developing students' movement is an important impetus for the party. In 1964 the international conflict between the People's Republic of China and USSR also split the CPN. A group called Communist Unity Movement of the Netherlands left the CPN in that year. They went to several intense splits based on ideological and personal conflicts. In 1971 one of the small groups formed the Socialist Party, which became a successful political party after the mid 1990s. The CPN took a rather ambiguous stance in the conflict between the USSR and the PRC. Before the 1967 elections De Groot is replaced by Marcus Bakker. De Groot is made honorary member of the CPN. The party wins another, making the total five. The CPN condemned the Soviet intervention against the Prague Spring. In 1971 yet another seat is added, and in 1972 the party had seven seats. The 1977 election sees a conflict between the social-democrat Joop den Uyl and christian-democrat Dries van Agt, many CPN-sympathizers vote for the social-democratic PvdA and the CPN looses all but two seats. In 1978 under pressure of new young members De Groot loses his honorary membership. In the 1981 elections the placement of American nuclear weapons is a major issue, the CPN who prominently led one of the campaigning groups, The Committee against the N-bomb, is rewarded with another seat. National summary Parties Anti Revolutionary Party (Anti-Revolutionaire Partij) Catholic Peoples Party (Katholieke Volkspartij) Christian Historical Union (Christelijke-Historische Unie) Communist Party of the Netherlands (Communistische Partij Nederland) FarmersParty (Boerenpartij) Labour Party (Partij van de Arbeid) Pacifist Socialist Party (Pacifistisch Socialistische Partij) Peoples Party for Freedom and... The Socialist Party (Dutch: Socialistische Partij) is a socialist party in the Netherlands. ... National summary Parties Anti Revolutionary Party (Anti-Revolutionaire Partij) Catholic Peoples Party (Katholieke Volkspartij) Christian Historical Union (Christelijke-Historische Unie) Communist Party of the Netherlands (Communistische Partij Nederland) Democrats 66 (Democraten 66) Farmers Party (Boerenpartij) Labour Party (Partij van de Arbeid) Pacifist Socialist Party (Pacifistisch Socialistische Partij), secession of... People in a café watch Soviet tanks roll past The Prague Spring (Czech: Pražské jaro, Slovak: Pražská jar, Russian: пражская весна) was a period of political liberalization in Czechoslovakia starting January 5, 1968 when Alexander Dubček came to power, and running until August 20 of that year when the... National summary Parties Anti Revolutionary Party (Anti-Revolutionaire Partij) Catholic Peoples Party (Katholieke Volkspartij) Christian Historical Union (Christelijke-Historische Unie) Communist Party of the Netherlands (Communistische Partij Nederland) Ducth Middle Class Party (Nederlandse Middenstandspartij) Democratic Socialist 1970 (Democratisch Socialisten 1970), secession of the Labour Party Democrats 66 (Democraten 66... National summary Parties Anti Revolutionary Party (Anti-Revolutionaire Partij) Catholic Peoples Party (Katholieke Volkspartij) Christian Historical Union (Christelijke-Historische Unie) Communist Party of the Netherlands (Communistische Partij Nederland) Democratic Socialist 1970 (Democratisch Socialisten 1970) Democrats 66 (Democraten 66) Farmers Party (Boerenpartij) Labour Party (Partij van de Arbeid) Pacifist Socialist... National summary Parties Christian Democratic Appeal (Christen-Democratisch Appèl), merger of Catholic Peoples Party, Anti Revolutionary Party and Christian Historical Union Communist Party of the Netherlands (Communistische Partij Nederland) Democratic Socialist 1970 (Democratisch Socialisten 1970) Democrats 66 (Democraten 66) Farmers Party (Boerenpartij) Labour Party (Partij van de Arbeid... Prime Minister of the Netherlands Dr. Johannes Marten Joop den Uyl (August 9, 1919 - December 24, 1987) was a Dutch politician, prime minister of the Netherlands from 1973 until 1977, as a member of the socialist PvdA party. ... Prime Minister of the Netherlands Andreas Antonius Maria Dries van Agt (born February 2, 1931) is a Dutch politician, the prime minister of the Netherlands from 1977 until 1982, as a member of the Christian Democratic CDA party. ... National summary Parties Christian Democratic Appeal (Christen-Democratisch Appèl) Communist Party of the Netherlands (Communistische Partij Nederland) Democrats 66 (Democraten 66) Labour Party (Partij van de Arbeid) Pacifist Socialist Party (Pacifistisch Socialistische Partij) Peoples Party for Freedom and Democracy (Volkspartij voor Vrijheid en Democratie) Political Party Radicals (Politieke... Although the Netherlands do not have weapons of mass destruction made by itself. ...

In the 1982 the party gets its first mayor in the communist stronghold of Beerta. Before the elections of the same year Marcus Bakker is steps back in favour of Ina Brouwer. With her a new generation of younger often female MPs enters politics. She is able to keep the three seats. The CPN tries to renew its political program emphasizing New Left issues like feminism and gay rights. In reaction to this working class-oriented members found the Horizontal Council of Communists (called so because they were members from different local branches, breaking the vertical organization of democratic centralism). The group tries to pressure the CPN into returning to its old marxist course. In 1983 they leave the party and form the League of Communists in the Netherlands (Verbond van Communisten In Nederland). In 1986 both the CPN and VCN enter in the elections. Neither wins a seat in the Tweede Kamer. The CPN still has two senators. As one of the last acts of the party, the party leadership attended the festivities surrounding 50th anniversary of the German Democratic Republic. There are several terms used in Dutch politics which are not easily translated into English. ... Reiderland is a municipality in the northeastern Netherlands, which has been founded in 1990, during a large municipal reorganisation. ... National summary Parties Center Party (Centrumpartij) Christian Democratic Appeal (Christen-Democratisch Appèl) Communist Party of the Netherlands (Communistische Partij Nederland) Democrats 66 (Democraten 66) Evangelical Peoples Party (Evangelische Volkspartij), secession of former Anti Revolutionary Party Labour Party (Partij van de Arbeid) Pacifist Socialist Party (Pacifistisch Socialistische Partij) People... The New Left is a term used in political discourse to refer to radical left-wing movements from the 1960s onwards. ... Democratic centralism is the name given to the principles of internal organization used by Leninist political parties, and the term is sometimes used as a synonym for any Leninist policy inside a political party. ... National summary Parties Christian Democratic Appeal (Christen-Democratisch Appèl) Democrats 66 (Democraten 66) Labour Party (Partij van de Arbeid) Pacifist Socialist Party (Pacifistisch Socialistische Partij) Peoples Party for Freedom and Democracy (Volkspartij voor Vrijheid en Democratie) Political Party Radicals (Politieke Partij Radicalen) Political Reformed Party (Staatkundig Gereformeerde Partij... The Eerste Kamer (literally First Chamber in Dutch) is the Upper House or Senate of the Netherlands parliament, the States-General. ... Anthem: Auferstanden aus Ruinen Capital East Berlin, in spite of status as part of an occupied city Government Socialist republic  - Last Head of State Sabine Bergmann-Pohl  - Last Head of Government Lothar de Maizière History    - Creation 7 October 1949   - Abolition 3 October 1990  Area 108,333 km2 (41,827...

Dissolution

In 1989 the party merged with three other small leftwing parties, namely the PSP, the green PPR and the left-wing Christian EVP to form the GreenLeft. In 1991, the year the party official disbanded; the VCN joined by other former members of the CPN, who left because they disagreed with the new course, founded the NCPN, which still exists to day. The Political Party of Radicals (PPR) was dutch leftwing political party. ... The Evangelical Peoples Party (Dutch: Evangelische Volkspartij) was a party of the Christian Left in the Netherlands. ... This article is about the Dutch political party. ... NCPN symbol New Communist Party-NCPN (Nieuwe Communistische Partij-NCPN) is a Dutch communist political party, founded in 1992 by a group of CPN-members who refused to join GroenLinks (Green Left) together with the rest of the CPN. The NCPN publishes a newspaper titled Manifest (Manifesto) which appears once...

The influence of the old Marxist wing of CPN in the GreenLeft is rather small. The "new" generation has been very prominent: Ina Brouwer led the party in the 1994 elections and one of the party's senators Jos van der Lans has been a member of the CPN. The former party chair who was very influential in the formulation of the new liberal course, Herman Meijer, was one of the gay right activist who joined the CPN in the 1970s. National summary Parties Center Democrats (Centrumdemocraten) Christian Democratic Appeal (Christen-Democratisch Appèl) Democrats 66 (Democraten 66) General Elderly Peoples League (Algemeen Ouderenverbond) Green Left (GroenLinks) Labour Party (Partij van de Arbeid) Peoples Party for Freedom and Democracy (Volkspartij voor Vrijheid en Democratie) Political Reformed Party (Staatkundig Gereformeerde...

Name

The CPN changed its name two times. It was originally founded as Sociaal-Democratische Partij (Social-Democratic party; SDP) but after the Russian Revolution the term social-democracy became linked to the reformist socialists, while the term communist was linked to Leninist revolutionary socialism. In 1919 the party changed its name to Communistische Partij Holland (Communist Party Holland; CPH) under pressure of the Comintern who imposed a uniform naming system on all its members. In 1935 the party changed its name again to Communistische Partij Nederland (Communist Party Netherlands; CPN) because many members of the Comintern did not know where Holland was. Social democracy is a political ideology that emerged in the late 19th and early 20th centuries from supporters of Marxism. ... This article is about communism as a form of society and as a political movement. ... Vladimir Lenin in 1920 Leninism is a political and economic theory which builds upon Marxism; it is a branch of Marxism (and it has been the dominant branch of Marxism in the world since the 1920s). ... The Comintern (Russian: Коммунистический Интернационал, Kommunisticheskiy Internatsional – Communist International, also known as the Third International) was an international Communist organization founded in March 1919, in the midst of the war communism period (1918-1921), by Vladimir Lenin and the Russian Communist Party (Bolshevik), which intended to fight by all available means, including...

Part of the Politics series on Communism

History of communism Politics is a process by which decisions are made within groups. ... This article is about communism as a form of society and as a political movement. ... Image File history File links Hammer_and_sickle. ... This article is in need of attention from an expert on the subject. ... Schools of communism Marxism · Leninism Left communism Trotskyism · Autonomist Marxism Eurocommunism · Maoism Council communism Anarchist communism Christian communism Luxemburgism Marxism refers to the philosophy and social theory based on Karl Marxs work on one hand, and to the political practice based on Marxist theory on the other hand (namely, parts of the First International during Marxs time, communist parties and later states). ... Vladimir Lenin in 1920 Leninism is a political and economic theory which builds upon Marxism; it is therefore a branch of Marxism. ... Left Communism is a term describing a whole range of communist viewpoints which oppose the political ideas of the Bolsheviks from a position which is asserted to be more authentically Marxist and proletarian than the views held by the Communist International after its first two Congresses. ... Trotskyism is the theory of Marxism as advocated by Leon Trotsky. ... Autonomism, or Autonomist Marxism is a left-wing political movement and theory. ... Eurocommunism was an attempt in the 1970s by various Western European communist parties to develop a theory and practice of social transformation that was more relevant in a Western European democracy. ... Maoism or Mao Zedong Thought (Chinese: 毛泽东思想, pinyin: Máo Zédōng SÄ«xiÇŽng), is a variant of Marxism-Leninism derived from the teachings of the Chinese communist Mao Zedong. ... Council communism is a Radical Left movement originating in Germany and the Netherlands in the 1920s. ... Anarchist communism is a form of anarchism that advocates the abolition of the State and capitalism in favor of a horizontal network of voluntary associations through which everyone will be free to satisfy his or her needs. ... Christian communism is a form of religious communism centered around Christianity. ... Luxemburgism (also written Luxembourgism) is a specific revolutionary theory within communism, based on the writings of Rosa Luxemburg. ... Political Parties Communist International World Communist Movement International Communist Current Communist Workers International Fourth International constitutional robocracy In modern usage, a communist party is a political party which promotes communism, the sociopolitical ideology based on Marxism. ... The first edition of Communist International, journal of the Comintern published in Moscow and Petrograd (now Saint Petersburg) in May 1919. ... To meet Wikipedias quality standards, this article or section may require cleanup. ... The International Communist Current is a centralised international left communist organisation with sections throughout the world. ... The Communist Workers International (German: Kommunistische Arbeiter-Internationale, KAI) or Fourth Categories: ... The Fourth International (FI) is Trotskyisms international organization. ... States The Soviet Union People's Republic of China Cuba · Vietnam Laos · North Korea This article is about one-party states governed by Communist parties. ... Related subjects Socialism Capitalism · Cold War Religious communism New Left · Planned economy Historical materialism Marxist philosophy Left communism Democratic centralism Anti-communism Socialism refers to a broad array of doctrines or political movements that envisage a socio-economic system in which property and the distribution of wealth are subject to social control. ... For other uses, see Capitalism (disambiguation). ... The Cold War (Russian: Холодная Война Kholodnaya Voina) was the protracted geopolitical, ideological, and economic struggle that emerged after World War II between a worldwide military alliance of capitalist states led by the United States and a rival alliance of communist states led by the Soviet Union. ... Religious communism is a term used by some Communists that claim that before communism became associated with atheism, the word communism was mainly used by religious groups. ... The New Left is a term used in political discourse to refer to radical left-wing movements from the 1960s onwards. ... A planned economy most often refers to an economic system that is under comprehensive control and regulation by a government in accordance with a plan of economic development. ... Historical materialism is the methodological approach to the study of society, economics and history which was first articulated by Karl Marx (1818-1883), although Marx himself never used the term. ... See also Marxian economics Marxist philosophy or Marxist theory designs work in philosophy which is strongly influenced by Karl Marxs materialist approach to theory or which is written by Marxists. ... Left Communism is a term describing a whole range of communist viewpoints which oppose the political ideas of the Bolsheviks from a position which is asserted to be more authentically Marxist and proletarian than the views held by the Communist International after its first two Congresses. ... Democratic centralism is the name given to the principles of internal organization used by Leninist political parties, and the term is sometimes used as a synonym for any Leninist policy inside a political party. ... Anti-communism is an ideology of opposition to communist organization, government and ideology. ... Notable Communists Karl Marx · Friedrich Engels Vladimir Lenin · Leon Trotsky Rosa Luxemburg · Anton Pannekoek Joseph Stalin · Mao Tse-tung Josip Broz Tito · Che Guevara Fidel Castro · Antonio Negri Georg Lukács · Antonio Gramsci Karl Heinrich Marx (May 5, 1818, Trier, Germany – March 14, 1883, London) was an immensely influential German philosopher, political economist, and socialist revolutionary. ... Friedrich Engels (November 28, 1820, Wuppertal – August 5, 1895, London), a 19th-century German political philosopher, developed communist theory alongside his better-known collaborator, Karl Marx, co-authoring The Communist Manifesto (1848). ... Lenin redirects here. ... (Russian: Лев Давидович Троцкий; also transliterated Leo, Lev, Trotskii, Trotski, Trotskij, Trockij and Trotzky) (November 7 [O.S. October 26] 1879 – August 21, 1940), born Lev Davidovich Bronstein (Лев Давидович Бронштейн), was a Bolshevik revolutionary and Marxist theorist. ... Rosa Luxemburg Rosa Luxemburg (March 5, 1870 or 1871 – January 15, 1919, in Polish Róża Luksemburg) was a Polish-born German Jewish Marxist political theorist, socialist philosopher, and revolutionary. ... Anton Pannekoek Anton Pannekoek (January 2, 1873 – April 28, 1960) was a Dutch astronomer and Marxist theorist. ... Stalin redirects here. ... Mao Zedong (December 26, 1893—September 9, 1976) was the chairman of the Communist Party of China from 1935 until his death. ... Portrait of Tito by Paja Jovanović Josip Broz Tito (Bosnian & Croatian: Josip Broz Tito; Serbian: Јосип Броз Тито, May 7, (originally May 25th on the official birth certificate) 1892 – May 4, 1980) was the leader of Yugoslavia between the end of World War II and his death in 1980. ... Ernesto Guevara de la Serna (June 14, 1928 – October 9, 1967), commonly known as Che Guevara or el Che, was an Argentine-born Marxist, politician, and leader of Cuban and internationalist guerrillas. ... Fidel Alejandro Castro Ruz (born on August 13, 1926) is the current President of Cuba. ... Antonio Negri (August 1, 1933- ) is a moral and political philosopher, and a former political inmate from Italy. ... Georg Lukács (April 13, 1885 – June 4, 1971) was a Hungarian Marxist philosopher and literary critic in the tradition of Western Marxism. ... Antonio Gramsci (IPA: ) (January 22, 1891 – April 27, 1937) was an Italian writer, politician and political theorist. ...

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Ideology & Issues

Ideological Development

The SDP was founded as an orthodox marxist party advocating an economic and social revolution that would overthrow the capitalist economic and political system, in favour for a socialist dictatorship of the proletariat, this in turn would evolve into a classless, communist society. A communist revolution is a social revolution inspired by the ideas of Marxism that aims to replace capitalism with communism, normally with socialism (public ownership over the means of production) as an intermediate stage. ... For other uses, see Capitalism (disambiguation). ... Socialism is a social and economic system (or the political philosophy advocating such a system) in which the economic means of production are owned and controlled collectively by the people. ... The dictatorship of the proletariat is a term employed by Karl Marx in his 1875 Critique of the Gotha Program that refers to a transition period between capitalist and communist society in which the state can be nothing but the revolutionary dictatorship of the proletariat. The term refers to a... This article is about communism as a form of society and as a political movement. ...

After the Russian Revolution the party become oriented towards marxism/leninism the official ideology of the USSR and the Comintern. This advocate the overthrow of the state by a vanguard party, which would reform the country to become socialist. The party remained faithful to the USSR's version marxist/leninist during the 1920s, when Trotsky's interpretation became an important ideological competitor of Stalin's. This lead to split, a group around a prominent ally of Trotsky, Henk Sneevliet left the party to form the Revolutionary Socialist Party. Vladimir Lenin in 1920 Leninism is a political and economic theory which builds upon Marxism; it is therefore a branch of Marxism. ... Trotskyism is the theory of Marxism as advocated by Leon Trotsky. ... Stalinism is a brand of political theory, and the political and economic system named after Josef Stalin, who implemented it in the Soviet Union. ... Henk Sneevliet (May 13, 1883 - April 13, 1942) was a Dutch Communist, who was active in both the Netherlands and the Dutch East-Indies. ... The Revolutionary Socialist Party (in Dutch: Revolutionair Socialistische Partij, RSP) was a dutch left-communist political party. ...

In the 1960s the party did not choose sides in the conflict between the People's Republic of China and the USSR, nevertheless a Maoist group, called Communist Unity Movement of the Netherlands split from the party. In the 1970s and 1980s the party began to move away from its marxist/leninist roots and began embrace a more libertarian and eurocommunist programme with a strong emphasis on feminism. Maoism or Mao Zedong Thought (Chinese: 毛澤東思想, pinyin: Máo Zédōng Sīxiǎng), also called Marxism-Leninism–Mao Zedong Thought or Marxism-Leninism-Maoism (MLM), is a variant of communism derived from the teachings of Mao Zedong (1893&#8211... Eurocommunism was an attempt in the 1970s by various European communist parties to widen their appeal by embracing middle-class themes, rejecting unquestioning support of the Soviet Union and express more clearly their fidelity to the democratic institutions. ... Feminism is a diverse collection of social theories, political movements and moral philosophies, largely motivated by or concerned with the experiences of women. ...

Social Policy

An important issue for the Communists has always been the practical needs of the working class. Most simply put the party advocated higher wages and lower prices (in capitalist economics this demand is contradictory, because higher wages will lead to higher prices and vice versa). The work conditions in factories should be improved. Child labour should be banned completely. The work day should be regulated. Laws against striking should be repealed. A wage is the amount of money paid for some specified quantity of labour. ... In economics and business, the price is the assigned numerical monetary value of a good, service or asset. ... Child labour or labor is the phenomenon of children in employment. ...

The CPN advocated a strong role of the state in the economy. The state should supply cheap housing, free and neutral education and health care insurance. Important industries should be nationalized in the short term (in the long term the entire economy should be planned). Taxation should be progressive. Those without jobs should receive benefits. Houses in Fishpool Street, St Albans, England For other meanings of the word house, see House (disambiguation). ... Health care or healthcare is the prevention, treatment, and management of illness and the preservation of mental and physical well-being through the services offered by the medical, nursing, and allied health professions [1]. The organised provision of such services may constitute a healthcare system. ... The examples and perspective in this article or section may not represent a worldwide view. ...

Foreign Policy Issues

One of the most important early issues of the Communists was their opposition to the First World War. After 1918 the recognition of the USSR and the independence of Indonesia became important issues. During the Second World War the party was active in resistance movement. After the war, its foreign policy was explicitly anti-German and pro-USSR. It favoured Soviet interventions in Czechoslovakia and Hungary and sought Dutch recognition of the East Germany. It opposed Dutch membership of NATO and the EEC. In the 1970s and 1980s its policy became more anti-American, supporting the Viet kong in Vietnam War. It played an important role in the popular opposition against the placement of nuclear weapons in the Netherlands. Ypres, 1917, in the vicinity of the Battle of Passchendaele. ... Mushroom cloud from the nuclear explosion over Nagasaki rising 18 km into the air. ... Members of the Dutch Eindhoven Resistance with troops of the US 101st Airborne in front of the Eindhoven cathedral during Operation Market Garden in September 1944. ... Anthem: Auferstanden aus Ruinen Capital East Berlin, in spite of status as part of an occupied city Government Socialist republic  - Last Head of State Sabine Bergmann-Pohl  - Last Head of Government Lothar de Maizière History    - Creation 7 October 1949   - Abolition 3 October 1990  Area 108,333 km2 (41,827... NATO 2002 Summit in Prague The North Atlantic Treaty Organisation[1] (NATO), also called the North Atlantic Alliance, the Atlantic Alliance or the Western Alliance, is an international organisation for collective security established in 1949, in support of the North Atlantic Treaty signed in Washington, DC, on 4 April 1949. ... The European Community (EC), most important of three European Communities, was originally founded on March 25, 1957 by the signing of the Treaty of Rome under the name of European Economic Community. ... Combatants Republic of Vietnam United States Republic of Korea Thailand Australia New Zealand The Philippines Democratic Republic of Vietnam National Front for the Liberation of South Vietnam People’s Republic of China Democratic Peoples Republic of Korea Strength ~1,200,000 (1968) ~520,000 (1968) Casualties South Vietnamese dead... Although the Netherlands do not have weapons of mass destruction made by itself. ...

Domestic Issues

The party also emphasized the radical democratization of the Dutch political system. It opposed monarchy. It sought to abolish the Council of State and the Eerste Kamer. A referendum and trial by jury should be implemented. Citizen should appoint civil servants. The Netherlands have been an independent monarchy since March 16, 1815, and have been governed by members of the House of Orange-Nassau since. ... The Council of State is the name of an organ of government in many states, and especially in republics. ... The Eerste Kamer (literally First Chamber in Dutch) is the Upper House or Senate of the Netherlands parliament, the States-General. ... A referendum (plural: referendums or referenda) or plebiscite (from Latin plebiscita, a decree of the Concilium Plebis) is a direct vote in which an entire electorate is asked to either accept or reject a particular proposal. ... Trial by Jury is a comic Gilbert and Sullivan operetta in one act (the only single-act Savoy Opera). ...

In the 1970s and 1980s the party began to embrace New Left issues like the fight for women's and gay rights. The New Left is a term used in political discourse to refer to radical left-wing movements from the 1960s onwards. ... Feminism is a diverse collection of social theories, political movements and moral philosophies, largely motivated by or concerned with the experiences of women. ... The gay rights movement is a collection of loosely aligned civil rights groups, human rights groups, support groups and political activists seeking acceptance, tolerance and equality for non-heterosexual, (homosexual, bisexual), and transgender people - despite the fact that it is typically referred to as the gay rights movement, members also...

Representation

In this table the election results of the CPN in Tweede Kamer, Eerste Kamer and European elections is represented, as well as the party's political leadership: the fractievoorzitter, is the chair of the parliamentary party and the lijsttrekker is the party's top candidate in the general election, these posts are normally taken by the party's leader. The membership of CPN is also represented.

The Tweede Kamer (second chamber) is the lower house of the Staten-Generaal, the parliament in the Netherlands. ... The Eerste Kamer (literally First Chamber in Dutch) is the Upper House or Senate of the Netherlands parliament, the States-General. ... The European Parliament building in Strasbourg The inside of the building The European Parliament (formerly European Parliamentary Assembly) is the parliamentary body of the European Union (EU), directly elected by EU citizens once every five years. ... There are several terms used in Dutch politics which are not easily translated into English. ... There are several terms used in Dutch politics which are not easily translated into English. ... Introduction The 1918 elections were the first elections under universal male suffrage and proportional representation. ... Introduction The 1922 elections were the first elections under universal suffrage National summary Parties Anti Revolutionary Party (Anti-Revolutionaire Partij) Agrarians League (Plattelandersbond) Christian Historical Union (Christelijke-Historische Unie) Communist Party of Holland (Communistische Partij Holland), continuation of Social Democratic Party Freedom League, merger of Liberal Union, League of Free... National summary Parties Anti Revolutionary Party (Anti-Revolutionaire Partij) Agrarians League (Plattelandersbond) Christian Historical Union (Christelijke-Historische Unie) Communist Party of Holland (Communistische Partij Holland), continuation of Social Democratic Party Freedom League (Vrijheidsbond) Freethinking Democratic League (Vrijzinnig Democratische Bond) Political Reformed Party (Staatkundig Gereformeerde Partij), offshoot of the Anti Revolutionary... National summary Parties Anti Revolutionary Party (Anti-Revolutionaire Partij) Agrarians League (Plattelandersbond) Centre Party for City and Country (Middenpartij voor Stad en Land) Christian Historical Union (Christelijke-Historische Unie) Communist Party of Holland (Communistische Partij Holland) Communist Party of Holland-Central Committee (Communistische Partij Holland-Centraal Comité), offshoot of the... National summary Parties Anti Revolutionary Party (Anti-Revolutionaire Partij) Christian Democratic Union (Christen-Democratische Unie) Christian Historical Union (Christelijke-Historische Unie) Communist Party of Holland (Communistische Partij Holland) Freethinking Democratic League (Vrijzinnig Democratische Bond) League for National Recovery (Verbond voor Nationaal Herstel) Liberal State Party (Liberale Staatspartij) National Socialist Movement... Introduction After the German occupation, the party system changed by mergers and reorganisations National summary Parties Anti Revolutionary Party (Anti-Revolutionaire Partij) Christian Historical Union (Christelijke-Historische Unie) Communist Party of the Netherlands (Communistische Partij Nederland), a continuation of the Communist Party of Holland Freedom party (Partij voor de Vrijheid... Elections in the Netherlands for the Tweede Kamer of Parliament National summary Parties Anti Revolutionary Party (Anti-Revolutionaire Partij) Catholic National Party (Katholieke Nationale Partij) Catholic Peoples Party (Katholieke Volkspartij) Christian Historical Union (Christelijke-Historische Unie) Communist Party of the Netherlands (Communistische Partij Nederland) Labour Party (Partij van de... National summary Parties Anti Revolutionary Party (Anti-Revolutionaire Partij) Catholic National Party (Katholieke Nationale Partij) Catholic Peoples Party (Katholieke Volkspartij) Christian Historical Union (Christelijke-Historische Unie) Communist Party of the Netherlands (Communistische Partij Nederland) Labour Party (Partij van de Arbeid) Peoples Party for Freedom and Democracy (Volkspartij voor... The number of seats in the Tweede Kamer was shortly after the elections enlarged to 150 seats National summary Parties Anti Revolutionary Party (Anti-Revolutionaire Partij) Catholic Peoples Party (Katholieke Volkspartij) Christian Historical Union (Christelijke-Historische Unie) Communist Party of the Netherlands (Communistische Partij Nederland) Labour Party (Partij van... National summary Parties Anti Revolutionary Party (Anti-Revolutionaire Partij) Catholic Peoples Party (Katholieke Volkspartij) Christian Historical Union (Christelijke-Historische Unie) Communist Party of the Netherlands (Communistische Partij Nederland) Labour Party (Partij van de Arbeid) Pacifist Socialist Party (Pacifistisch Socialistische Partij) Peoples Party for Freedom and Democracy (Volkspartij voor... National summary Parties Anti Revolutionary Party (Anti-Revolutionaire Partij) Catholic Peoples Party (Katholieke Volkspartij) Christian Historical Union (Christelijke-Historische Unie) Communist Party of the Netherlands (Communistische Partij Nederland) FarmersParty (Boerenpartij) Labour Party (Partij van de Arbeid) Pacifist Socialist Party (Pacifistisch Socialistische Partij) Peoples Party for Freedom and... National summary Parties Anti Revolutionary Party (Anti-Revolutionaire Partij) Catholic Peoples Party (Katholieke Volkspartij) Christian Historical Union (Christelijke-Historische Unie) Communist Party of the Netherlands (Communistische Partij Nederland) Democrats 66 (Democraten 66) Farmers Party (Boerenpartij) Labour Party (Partij van de Arbeid) Pacifist Socialist Party (Pacifistisch Socialistische Partij), secession of... National summary Parties Anti Revolutionary Party (Anti-Revolutionaire Partij) Catholic Peoples Party (Katholieke Volkspartij) Christian Historical Union (Christelijke-Historische Unie) Communist Party of the Netherlands (Communistische Partij Nederland) Ducth Middle Class Party (Nederlandse Middenstandspartij) Democratic Socialist 1970 (Democratisch Socialisten 1970), secession of the Labour Party Democrats 66 (Democraten 66... National summary Parties Anti Revolutionary Party (Anti-Revolutionaire Partij) Catholic Peoples Party (Katholieke Volkspartij) Christian Historical Union (Christelijke-Historische Unie) Communist Party of the Netherlands (Communistische Partij Nederland) Democratic Socialist 1970 (Democratisch Socialisten 1970) Democrats 66 (Democraten 66) Farmers Party (Boerenpartij) Labour Party (Partij van de Arbeid) Pacifist Socialist... National summary Parties Christian Democratic Appeal (Christen-Democratisch Appèl), merger of Catholic Peoples Party, Anti Revolutionary Party and Christian Historical Union Communist Party of the Netherlands (Communistische Partij Nederland) Democratic Socialist 1970 (Democratisch Socialisten 1970) Democrats 66 (Democraten 66) Farmers Party (Boerenpartij) Labour Party (Partij van de Arbeid... National summary Parties Christian Democratic Appeal (Christen-Democratisch Appèl) Communist Party of the Netherlands (Communistische Partij Nederland) Democrats 66 (Democraten 66) Labour Party (Partij van de Arbeid) Pacifist Socialist Party (Pacifistisch Socialistische Partij) Peoples Party for Freedom and Democracy (Volkspartij voor Vrijheid en Democratie) Political Party Radicals (Politieke... National summary Parties Center Party (Centrumpartij) Christian Democratic Appeal (Christen-Democratisch Appèl) Communist Party of the Netherlands (Communistische Partij Nederland) Democrats 66 (Democraten 66) Evangelical Peoples Party (Evangelische Volkspartij), secession of former Anti Revolutionary Party Labour Party (Partij van de Arbeid) Pacifist Socialist Party (Pacifistisch Socialistische Partij) People... National summary Parties Christian Democratic Appeal (Christen-Democratisch Appèl) Democrats 66 (Democraten 66) Labour Party (Partij van de Arbeid) Pacifist Socialist Party (Pacifistisch Socialistische Partij) Peoples Party for Freedom and Democracy (Volkspartij voor Vrijheid en Democratie) Political Party Radicals (Politieke Partij Radicalen) Political Reformed Party (Staatkundig Gereformeerde Partij...

Muncipal and Provincial Government

Although the CPN was particularly strong in several provinces, especially Groningen, it never cooperate in any provincial executive. The flag of Groningen Groningen is the northeast province of the Netherlands with a typical dialect (Gronings) with regional nuances. ... There are several terms used in Dutch politics which are not easily translated into English. ...

The party supplied only one mayor, namely Hanneke Jagersma in the CPN stronghold of Beerta. In the late 1940s the CPN participated in several local executives but after the USSR's intervention in Hungary, these all fell. In the 1950s the party got an absolute majority in the city council of Finsterwolde the municipality was consequently put under control of the national government. In the 1980s the party again started to cooperate in local executives. There are several terms used in Dutch politics which are not easily translated into English. ... There are several terms used in Dutch politics which are not easily translated into English. ... There are several terms used in Dutch politics which are not easily translated into English. ...

Electorate

The support for the SDP, which was founded before the introduction of universal suffrage was strong in the leftwing intellectual elite, and educated working class circles. This was mainly limited to Amsterdam and Rotterdam. With the introduction of universal suffrage, the SDP, and later CPH began to branch out to the poorest circles of the working classes. In the Zaanstreek, around Zaandam and the harbour cities of Amsterdam and Rotterdam the party was especially strong. After the Second World War, the CPN branched out to the poor rural province of Groningen and other poor rural areas like West Friesland. In some Groningen municipalities like Finsterwolde, Beerta, the party won near absolute majorities. In these municipalities, which now form Reiderland the refounded CPN, NCPN still performs particularly well. In the 1950s the general support for the CPN weakened with the rise of Cold War. In the 1960s and 1970s the CPN began to gain support form students. In the 1980s the party lost its working class support Universal suffrage (also general suffrage or common suffrage) consists of the extension of suffrage to all adults, without distinction as to race, sex, belief, or social status. ... Amsterdam Location Flag Country Netherlands Province North Holland Population 742,951(1 January 2005) Demonym Amsterdammer Coordinates Website www. ... Rotterdam Location Flag Country The Netherlands Province South Holland Population 588,718 (2006) Coordinates 51° 55 N.; 4° 30 E. Website www. ... Place with a railway station, in the municipality Zaanstad Zaandam is the largest town of the municipality. ... The flag of Groningen Groningen is the northeast province of the Netherlands with a typical dialect (Gronings) with regional nuances. ... West-Friesland is a region in the north-western Netherlands, in the province North Holland. ... Reiderland is a municipality in the northeastern Netherlands, which has been founded in 1990, during a large municipal reorganisation. ...

Organization

Organizational structure

The party was organized on the principle of democratic centralism. The party's board was the highest organ of the party, it decided the order of the First Chamber, Second Chamber, European Parliament candidates list, has the last say over the party program and had the ability to remove members for the party's ranks. It was elected by the party's congres. The party saw its political unity and strong discipline as conditions for its ideological zeal. Democratic centralism is the name given to the principles of internal organization used by Leninist political parties, and the term is sometimes used as a synonym for any Leninist policy inside a political party. ...

Between 1946 and 1980, the party's headquarters was located in Felix Meritis in Amsterdam.

Linked & Pillarized organisations

The party had a small, but strong communist pillar around it. Important organizations were the communist trade union, the Rode Vakcentrale (Red Trade Union) before 1940 and the Eenheidsvakcentrale (Unity Trade Union) between 1945 and 1960, and the party's paper, De Tribune (the Tribune) before 1940 and De Waarheid (The Truth), which was founded as a resistance paper and named after its Soviet counterpart after 1940. The party's youth organization was the formally independent General Dutch Youth League. The party's scientific organization was the Instituut voor Politiek en Sociaal Onderzoek (Institute for Political and Social Research) which published Politiek en Cultuur (Politics and Culture). The CPN had its own publisher called Pegasus. Pillarization is a term used to describe the way their dutch and belgians dealt with the multicultural societies. ... This article describes the Soviet/Russian newspaper. ... ANJV symbol Algemeen Nederlands Jeugd Verbond, a political youth movement in the Netherlands. ... Pegasus and Bellerophon, Attic red-figure In Greek mythology, Pegasus (Greek name: ) was a winged horse that was the son of Poseidon, in his role as horse-god, and the Gorgon Medusa. ...

International organisations

Since 1918 the party was a member of the Third International, first in the form of the Comintern, and after 1947 in the Cominform. The term Third International has two well-established meanings: For the unabridged dictionary, see Websters Third New International Dictionary. ... The Comintern (Russian: Коммунистический Интернационал, Kommunisticheskiy Internatsional – Communist International, also known as the Third International) was an international Communist organization founded in March 1919, in the midst of the war communism period (1918-1921), by Vladimir Lenin and the Russian Communist Party (Bolshevik), which intended to fight by all available means, including... The Cominform (from Communist Information Bureau) is the common name for what was officially referred to as the Information Bureau of the Communist and Workers Parties. It was the first official forum of the international communist movement since the dissolution of the Comintern, and confirmed the new realities after World...

Relationships to other parties

For a long time the Communists were methodically isolated, partially because of its revolutionary ideology and partially because of the antagonistic style of its politics. The communist used this style to prevent its electorate from moving to its competitors.

The relationship between the social-democratic SDAP (before the Second World War) and the PvdA (after the Second World War) has always been troublesome. The SDP has split from the SDAP over ideological difference, orthodox marxist, revolutionary politics versus revisionist and reformist politics. The social-democrats saw the communists as insignificant while the communist taunted the social-democrats by calling them "servants to capitalism" and "social fascists". During the Cold War, the PvdA embraced Atlanticism, NATO and the alliance with the United States, while the CPN advocated stronger links with the USSR. The PvdA had the strongest anti-communists in its ranks. During the 1970s when a more radicalized PvdA advocated a large progressive coalition, they still excluded the CPN. It has been suggested that this article or section be merged with Social Democratic Workers Party of Germany. ... For the Belgian political party of the same name, see Partij van de Arbeid (Belgium). ... Marxism is the political practice and social theory based on the works of Karl Marx, a 19th century philosopher, economist, journalist, and revolutionary, along with Friedrich Engels. ... A communist revolution is a social revolution inspired by the ideas of Marxism that aims to replace capitalism with communism, normally with socialism (public ownership over the means of production) as an intermediate stage. ... Revisionism is a word which has several meanings. ... Reformism (also called revisionism or revisionist theory) is the belief that gradual changes in a society can ultimately change its fundamental structures. ... Atlanticism is a philosophy of cooperation among European and North American nations regarding political, economic, and defense issues. ... NATO 2002 Summit in Prague The North Atlantic Treaty Organisation[1] (NATO), also called the North Atlantic Alliance, the Atlantic Alliance or the Western Alliance, is an international organisation for collective security established in 1949, in support of the North Atlantic Treaty signed in Washington, DC, on 4 April 1949. ...

The relationship with the leftwing splits and the communists was notoriously bad. The CPH ignored the RSP during its four year term in the 1930s. The PSP which was partially composed of those expelled from the CPN, was denounced as a party of agents of the CIA. The CPN methodically vote against proposals of the PSP, even when they supported them. In the 1980s the PSP and the CPN grew closer as they both campaigned against nuclear armament and both began to embrace New Left and libertarian politics. In 1984 they formed a common list for the European Election together with the green PPR and the GPN. In the 1989 the CPN, PSP and PPR were joined by the leftwing christian EVP in the formation of the GreenLeft. The Revolutionary Socialist Party (in Dutch: Revolutionair Socialistische Partij, RSP) was a dutch left-communist political party. ... The Pacifist Socialist Party, or PSP, was a Dutch political party. ... The CIA Seal The Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) is an American intelligence agency, responsible for obtaining and analyzing information about foreign governments, corporations, and individuals, and reporting such information to the various branches of the U.S. Government. ... The Political Party of Radicals (PPR) was dutch leftwing political party. ... De Groenen (The Greens) are a Dutch ecological party. ... The Evangelical Peoples Party (Dutch: Evangelische Volkspartij) was a party of the Christian Left in the Netherlands. ... This article is about the Dutch political party. ...

The relationships with the other parties whether liberal or christian democratic was very poor.

International Comparison

The CPN is one of the only communist parties to be formed before the Russian Revolution. It lies between the Northern European communist parties, like the Communist Party of Sweden and the Southern European communist parties, like the Italian Communist Party. Like its Italian counterparts, and unlike its Swedish counterparts it was methodically isolated in parliament. Like its Swedish counterparts, but unlike its Italian counterparts, it gained around 5% of the vote. Like its Italian counterpart it was closely linked to Moskou until the 1960s. In the 1970s it became involved in New Left politics, like its Swedish counterpart. The Left Party (Vänsterpartiet) is a socialist and feminist political party in Sweden, from 1967 to 1990 known as the Left Party - Communists (Vänsterpartiet kommunisterna; (vpk)). On welfare issues, the party opposes privatizations. ... The Partito Comunista Italiano (PCI) or Italian Communist Party emerged as Partito Comunista dItalia or Communist Party of Italy from a secession by the Leninist comunisti puri tendency from the Italian Socialist Party (PSI) during that bodys congress on 21 January 1921 at Livorno. ...