The Communist Party of the United States of America (CPUSA) is one of several This article is part of the Communism series. Schools of Communism Marxism Leninism Trotskyism Stalinism Maoism Left communism Council communism Anarcho-Communism Eurocommunism Juche Communist states Afghanistan (1978-1992) Albania (1945-1991) Angola (1975-1991) Benin (1975-1990) Bulgaria (1946-1989) Burma (1974-1988) Cambodia (1975-1991) Congo (1969-1991... Marxist-Leninist groups in the For other uses, see United States (disambiguation) and US (disambiguation). The United States of America, also referred to as the United States, U.S.A., U.S., US, America¹, or the States, is a federal republic of fifty states, mostly in central North America. The U.S. has three land... United States. While the CPUSA played a significant role in organizing industrial unions and defending the rights of African Americans, also known as Afro-Americans or black Americans, are an ethnic group in the United States of America whose ancestors, usually in predominant part, were indigenous to Sub-Saharan and West Africa. The majority of African Americans are of African, European and Native American ancestry. Terms for African... African-Americans in the Centuries: 19th century - 20th century - 21st century Decades: 1880s 1890s 1900s 1910s 1920s - 1930s - 1940s 1950s 1960s 1970s 1980s Years: 1930 1931 1932 1933 1934 1935 1936 1937 1938 1939 Contents // 1 Events and trends 1.1 Technology 1.2 Science 1.3 War, peace and politics 1.4 Economics... 1930s and Centuries: 19th century - 20th century - 21st century Decades: 1890s 1900s 1910s 1920s 1930s - 1940s - 1950s 1960s 1970s 1980s 1990s Years: 1940 1941 1942 1943 1944 1945 1946 1947 1948 1949 Contents // 1 Events and trends 1.1 Technology 1.2 Science 1.3 War, peace and politics 1.4 Economics... 1940s, it was effectively eliminated as a political force by McCarthyism, named after Joseph McCarthy, was a period of intense anticommunism, also (popularly) known as the (second) Red Scare, which occurred in the United States from 1948 to about 1956 (or later), when the government of the United States was actively engaged in suppression of the Communist Party USA, its... McCarthyism and the This article is part of the series Cold War 1947-1953 1953-1962 1962-1991 The Cold War (1947-1991) was the open yet restricted rivalry that developed after World War II between groups of nations practicing different ideologies and political systems. On one side was the Soviet Union and... Cold War. The current leader of the party is Sam Webb is the current General Secretary of the Communist Party USA. External link http://www.jrn.columbia.edu/studentwork/cns/2002-03-04/images/sam_webb_72.jpg Categories: Substubs ... Sam Webb.

Formation and early history (1919-1921)

In January, Years: 1916 1917 1918 - 1919 - 1920 1921 1922 Decades: 1880s 1890s 1900s - 1910s - 1920s 1930s 1940s Centuries: 19th century - 20th century - 21st century 1919 in topic: Arts Architecture - Art - Film - Literature - Music Science and technology Aviation - Rail transport - Science - Television Other topics Canada - Sport Lists of leaders: State leaders - Religious... 1919, Vladimir Lenin Vladimir Ilyich Lenin (Russian: Влади́мир Ильи́ч Ле́нин), original surname Ulyanov (Улья́нов) (April 22 (April 10 (O.S.)), 1870 – January 21, 1924), was... Lenin invited the left wing of the The Socialist Party of America is a socialist political party in the United States. It was formed in 1901 by a merger between the Social Democratic Party of Eugene V. Debs, formed three years earlier by veterans of the Pullman Strike of the American Railway Union, and a wing of... Socialist Party to join the The first edition of Communist International, journal of the Comintern published in Moscow and Petrograd (now Saint Petersburg) in May 1919. The slogan at the top says proletarians of all countries, unite! The Comintern (from Communist International), also known as the Third International, was an international Communist organization founded in... Communist International (Comintern). During the spring of 1919 the left wing of the Socialist Party, buoyed by a large influx of new members from countries involved in the [edit (http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Template:History_of_Russia&action=edit)] History of Russia Early East Slavs Khazars Kievan Rus Volga Bulgaria Mongol invasion Golden Horde Muscovy Crimean Khanate Imperial Russia Revolution of 1905 Revolution of 1917 Civil War Soviet Union Russian Federation The Russian Revolution... Russian Revolution, prepared to wrest control from the smaller controlling faction of moderate socialists. A referendum to join the Comintern passed with 90% support but the incumbent leadership suppressed the results. Elections for the party's National Executive Committee resulted in twelve leftists being elected out of a total of fifteen. Calls were made to expel moderates from the party. The moderate incumbents struck back by expelling several state organizations, half a dozen language federations, and many locals, in all two thirds of the membership.

The Socialist Party then called an emergency convention to be held in This article is about the largest city of Illinois. For other uses of the term, see Chicago (disambiguation). A partial view of Downtown Chicago Chicago is the third largest city in the United States, with an official population of 2,896,016, as of the 2000 US Census. When combined... Chicago on August 30 is the 242nd day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar (243rd in leap years), with 123 days remaining. August Su Mo Tu We Th Fr Sa   1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20... August 30, Years: 1916 1917 1918 - 1919 - 1920 1921 1922 Decades: 1880s 1890s 1900s - 1910s - 1920s 1930s 1940s Centuries: 19th century - 20th century - 21st century 1919 in topic: Arts Architecture - Art - Film - Literature - Music Science and technology Aviation - Rail transport - Science - Television Other topics Canada - Sport Lists of leaders: State leaders - Religious... 1919. The left wing made plans at a June conference of its own to regain control of the party by sending delegations from the sections of the party that had been expelled to the convention to demand that they be seated. However, the language federations, eventually joined by Charles Ruthenberg and Louis Fraina, turned away from that effort and formed their own party, the The Communist Party of the United States of America (CPUSA) is one of several Marxist-Leninist groups in the United States. While the CPUSA played a significant role in organizing industrial unions and defending the rights of African-Americans in the 1930s and 1940s, it was effectively eliminated as a... Communist Party of America, at a separate convention in This article is about the largest city of Illinois. For other uses of the term, see Chicago (disambiguation). A partial view of Downtown Chicago Chicago is the third largest city in the United States, with an official population of 2,896,016, as of the 2000 US Census. When combined... Chicago on September 2 is the 245th day of the year (246th in leap years). There are 120 days remaining. September Su Mo Tu We Th Fr Sa   1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23... September 2, Years: 1916 1917 1918 - 1919 - 1920 1921 1922 Decades: 1880s 1890s 1900s - 1910s - 1920s 1930s 1940s Centuries: 19th century - 20th century - 21st century 1919 in topic: Arts Architecture - Art - Film - Literature - Music Science and technology Aviation - Rail transport - Science - Television Other topics Canada - Sport Lists of leaders: State leaders - Religious... 1919.

Meanwhile plans led by John Jack Silas Reed (1887 - 1920), journalist and activist, famous for his first-hand account of the Bolshevik Revolution called Ten Days that Shook the World. He was the husband of the writer and feminist Louise Bryant and was the subject of a 1981 movie Reds. Biography Reed was born... John Reed and Benjamin Gitlow to crash the Socialist Party convention went ahead. Tipped off, the incumbents called the police, who obligingly expelled the leftists from the hall. The remaining leftist delegates walked out and, meeting with the expelled delegates, formed the See also the League of Revolutionaries for a New America, formerly known as the Communist Labor Party. The Communist Labor Party together with the Communist Party of America was one of the predecessors of the Communist Party USA. It was formed August 31, 1919 by John Reed, Benjamin Gitlow and... Communist Labor Party on September 1 is the 244th day of the year (245th in leap years). There are 121 days remaining. September Su Mo Tu We Th Fr Sa   1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23... September 1, Years: 1916 1917 1918 - 1919 - 1920 1921 1922 Decades: 1880s 1890s 1900s - 1910s - 1920s 1930s 1940s Centuries: 19th century - 20th century - 21st century 1919 in topic: Arts Architecture - Art - Film - Literature - Music Science and technology Aviation - Rail transport - Science - Television Other topics Canada - Sport Lists of leaders: State leaders - Religious... 1919.

The Comintern was not happy with two Communist Parties and in January, 1920 dispatched an order that the two parties merge under the name United Communist Party. Part of the Communist Party of America under the leadership of Charles Ruthenberg and Jay Lovestone (1897-1990) was at various times head of the Communist Party, leader of a small oppositionist party, and foreign policy advisor to the leadership of the AFL-CIO and various unions within it. Contents // 1 Early history 2 Communist Party (Opposition) 3 Union and anti-communist activities 4... Jay Lovestone did this but a faction under the leadership of Nicholas I. Hourwich and Alexander Bittelman continued to operate independently as the Communist Party of America. A more strongly worded directive from the Comintern eventually did the trick and the parties were merged in May, 1921. Only ten percent of the members of the newly formed party were native English-speakers.

The Red Scare and the underground party (1919-1923)

From its inception, the Communist Party USA came under attack from state and federal governments and later the For other uses of the initials FBI, see FBI (disambiguation). The Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) is a Federal police force which is the principal investigative arm of the United States Department of Justice (DOJ). Title 28, United States Code (U.S. Code), Section 533, which authorizes the Attorney General... FBI. In late 1919 Attorney General Alexander Mitchell Palmer (May 4, 1872 - May 11, 1936) was an American lawyer and politician. He directed the infamous Palmer Raids. Palmer was born near White Haven, Luzerne County, Pennsylvania, on May 4 of 1872; he attended the public schools of his area and prepared for college at the Moravian... A. Mitchell Palmer, acting under the Sedition Act of 1918, began arresting thousands of party members, particularly the foreign-born, whom the government deported. The Communist Party was forced underground and went through various name changes to evade the authorities.

It reemerged in 1923 as the "Workers Party of America". Despite a struggle by some party members to retain an illegal apparatus on principle, the aboveground and underground parties were fully merged. The party, later renamed the Communist Party USA, recruited more disaffected members of the Socialist Party and an organization of African Americans, also known as Afro-Americans or black Americans, are an ethnic group in the United States of America whose ancestors, usually in predominant part, were indigenous to Sub-Saharan and West Africa. The majority of African Americans are of African, European and Native American ancestry. Terms for African... African-American socialists called the African Blood Brotherhood, some of whose members would later play important roles in communist work among blacks.

Early factional struggles (1923-1929)

Now that their party was fully aboveground and legal the communists decided that their central task was to develop roots within the working class. This move away from hopes of revolution in the near future to a more nuanced approach was accelerated by the decisions of the Fifth World Congress of the Comintern held in Years: 1922 1923 1924 - 1925 - 1926 1927 1928 Decades: 1890s 1900s 1910s - 1920s - 1930s 1940s 1950s Centuries: 19th century - 20th century - 21st century 1925 in topic: Arts Architecture - Art - Film - Literature - Music Science and technology Aviation - Rail transport - Science - Television Other topics Canada - Sport Lists of leaders: State leaders - Religious... 1925, which decided that the period between 1917 and 1924 had been one of revolutionary upsurge, but that the new period was marked by the stabilization of capitalism and that revolutionary attempts in the near future were to be spurned. The American communists embarked then on the arduous work of locating and winning allies.

That work was, however, complicated by factional struggles within the CPUSA. The party quickly developed a number of more or less fixed factional groupings within its leadership: a faction around the party's Chairman Charles Ruthenberg, which was largely organized by his supporter Jay Lovestone (1897-1990) was at various times head of the Communist Party, leader of a small oppositionist party, and foreign policy advisor to the leadership of the AFL-CIO and various unions within it. Contents // 1 Early history 2 Communist Party (Opposition) 3 Union and anti-communist activities 4... Jay Lovestone, and the Foster-Cannon caucus, headed by William Zebulon Foster (February 25, 1891- September 1, 1961), known as William Z. Foster, was the long-time general secretary of the Communist Party USA and trade union leader. Foster was born in Taunton, Massachusetts. His family moved to Philadelphia.. where he left school at the age of ten to... William Z. Foster, who headed the Party's Trade Union Educational League, and James P. Cannon (1940) James Patrick Cannon (1890-1974) was an American Communist and then Trotskyist leader. Born in Rosedale, Kansas, he was first a member of the Industrial Workers of the World and then of the Socialist Party of the USA. He opposed World War I from an internationalist... James P. Cannon, who led the International Labor Defense organization. The first faction drew many of its members from the party's foreign language federations while the latter found more support among 'native' workers.

Foster, who had been deeply involved in the steel strike of 1919 and had been a long-time Syndicalism is a political and economic ideology which advocates giving control of both industry and government to labor union federations. Syndicalisme is a French word meaning trade unionism. This milder version of syndicalism was overshadowed by revolutionary anarcho-syndicalism in the early 20th century, which was most powerful in Spain... syndicalist, had strong bonds with the progressive leaders of the Chicago Federation of Labor and, through them, with the Progressive Party and nascent farmer-labor parties. Under pressure from the Comintern, however, the party broke off relations with both groups in Years: 1921 1922 1923 - 1924 - 1925 1926 1927 Decades: 1890s 1900s 1910s - 1920s - 1930s 1940s 1950s Centuries: 19th century - 20th century - 21st century 1924 in topic: Arts Architecture - Art - Film - Literature - Music Science and technology Aviation - Rail transport - Science - Television Other topics Canada - Sport Lists of leaders: State leaders - Religious... 1924.

In Years: 1922 1923 1924 - 1925 - 1926 1927 1928 Decades: 1890s 1900s 1910s - 1920s - 1930s 1940s 1950s Centuries: 19th century - 20th century - 21st century 1925 in topic: Arts Architecture - Art - Film - Literature - Music Science and technology Aviation - Rail transport - Science - Television Other topics Canada - Sport Lists of leaders: State leaders - Religious... 1925 Comintern representative Sergei Gusev ordered the majority Foster faction to surrender control to Ruthenberg's faction; Foster complied. The factional infighting within the CPUSA did not end, however; the communist leadership of the New York locals of the International Ladies' Garment Workers' Union lost the Years: 1923 1924 1925 - 1926 - 1927 1928 1929 Decades: 1890s 1900s 1910s - 1920s - 1930s 1940s 1950s Centuries: 19th century - 20th century - 21st century 1926 in topic: Arts Architecture - Art - Film - Literature - Music Science and technology Aviation - Rail transport - Science - Television Other topics Canada - Sport Lists of leaders: State leaders - Religious... 1926 strike of cloakmakers in New York, New York redirects here. For alternate meanings, see New York, New York (disambiguation). Midtown Manhattan, 2003. New York City (officially named the City of New York) is the largest city in the United States, and the worlds most important center for global finance and communications. The city... New York City in large part because of intra-party factional rivalries.

Ruthenberg died in 1927 and his ally, Jay Lovestone (1897-1990) was at various times head of the Communist Party, leader of a small oppositionist party, and foreign policy advisor to the leadership of the AFL-CIO and various unions within it. Contents // 1 Early history 2 Communist Party (Opposition) 3 Union and anti-communist activities 4... Jay Lovestone, succeeded him as party secretary. Cannon attended the Sixth Congress of the Comintern in Years: 1925 1926 1927 - 1928 - 1929 1930 1931 Decades: 1890s 1900s 1910s - 1920s - 1930s 1940s 1950s Centuries: 19th century - 20th century - 21st century 1928 in topic: Arts Architecture - Art - Film - Literature - Music Science and technology Aviation - Rail transport - Science - Television Other topics Canada - Sport Lists of leaders: State leaders - Religious... 1928, hoping to use his connections with leading circles within it to regain the advantage against the Lovestone faction. However he and Maurice Spector (1898 - August 1, 1968) was the Chairman of the Communist Party of Canada for much of the 1920s and an early follower of Leon Trotsky after his split from the Communist International In 1928, Maurice Spector, while attending the Sixth Congress of the Comintern in Moscow, accidentally got... Maurice Spector of the Communist Party of Canada Current Leader: Miguel Figueroa Founded: May, 1921 Headquarters: 290A Danforth Avenue Toronto, Ontario M4K 1N6 Colours: Red Political ideology: Communism The Communist Party of Canada is a communist political party in Canada. Contents // 1 History 2 General Secretaries of the CPC 3 Election results 3.1... Communist Party of Canada were accidentally given a copy of 1915 passport photo of Trotsky Leon Davidovich Trotsky (Russian: Лев Давидович Троцкий; also transliterated Trotskii, Trotski, Trotzky) (October 26 (O.S.) = November 7 (N.S.), 1879 - August 21, 1940), born Lev Davidovich Bronstein (Л... Trotsky's "Critique of the Draft Program of the Comintern" that they were instructed to read and return. Persuaded by its contents, they came to an agreement to return to America and campaign for the document's positions. A copy of the document was then smuggled out of the country in a child's toy.

Back in America, For other uses, see Cannon (disambiguation). A small cast-iron cannon on a carriage A cannon is a modern day rifled machine gun with a calibre of 20 mm or more (see autocannon). Cannon also refers a large, smooth-bored, muzzle-loading gun used before the advent of breech_loading, rifled... Cannon and his close associates in the ILD such as Max Shachtman (September 10, 1904 - 1972) is best known as an American Trotskyist theorist. After leaving the pro-Soviet Communist Party, Shachtman was a leader of the Socialist Workers Party and was the editor of its theoretical journal New International. In 1940 Shachtman led nearly half the members of the... Max Shachtman and Martin Abern, born Martin Abramowitz (December 2nd 1898 ? 1949) was a Trotskyist politician. Born in Romania, he moved to Minneapolis in 1903 and joined the Industrial Workers of the World in 1914. He refused to join the US Army during World War I and as a result was expelled... Martin Abern, dubbed the "three generals without an army", began to organize support for Trotsky's theses. However, as this attempt to develop a This article is part of the Communism series. Categories: Trotskyism | Soviet history | CPSU | Stub ... Left Opposition came to light, they and their supporters were expelled. Cannon and his followers organized the The Communist League of America (Left Opposition) was founded by James P. Cannon, Max Shachtman and Martin Abern in 1928 after their expulsion from the Communist Party USA for Trotskyism. The CLA (LO) was the United States section of Leon Trotskys International Left Opposition and initially positioned itself as... Communist League of America as a section of Trotsky's This article is part of the Communism series. Categories: Trotskyism | Soviet history | CPSU | Stub ... International Left Opposition.

At the same Congress, Lovestone had impressed the leadership of the For other usage of the initials CPSU see CPSU (disambiguation). This article is part of the Communism series. edit (http://en.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=Template:Communism&action=edit) Schools of Communism Marxism Leninism Trotskyism Stalinism Maoism Left communism Council communism Anarcho-Communism Eurocommunism Juche Communist... Communist Party of the Soviet Union as a strong supporter of Nikolai Ivanovich Bukharin (Russian: Николай Иванович Бухарин), (October 9 (September 27 Old Style) 1888 - March 13, 1938) was a Bolshevik revolutionary and then a Soviet politician, and intellectual. Bukharin was born... Nikolai Bukharin the general secretary of the Comintern. This was to have devastating consequences for Lovestone when, in 1929, Bukharin was on the losing end of a struggle with Stalin and was purged from his position on the Politburo is short for Political Bureau. The term originates either from the Russian Politicheskoe Byuro, which contracts to Politbyuro, or from the German Politbüro. A Politburo is the executive organization for a number of political parties, most notably for Communist Parties. In Marxist-Leninist states, the party is seen... Politburo and removed as head of the Comintern.

In a reversal of the events of 1925, a Comintern delegation sent to the United States demanded that Lovestone resign as party secretary in favor of his archrival Foster, despite the fact that Lovestone enjoyed the support of the vast majority of the American party's membership. Lovestone traveled to the Soviet Union and appealed directly to the Comintern. Stalin informed Lovestone that he "had a majority because the American Communist Party until now regarded you as the determined supporters of the Communist International. And it was only because the Party regarded you as friends of the Comintern that you had a majority in the ranks of the American Communist Party".

When Lovestone returned to the United States, he and his ally Benjamin Gitlow were purged despite holding the leadership of the party. Ostensibly, this was not due to Lovestone's insubordination in challenging a decision by Stalin but for his support for The factual accuracy of this article is disputed. Please see the relevant discussion on the talk page. American exceptionalism is the idea that the United States and the American people hold a special place in the world, by offering opportunity and hope for humanity, derived from its unique balance of... American Exceptionalism, the thesis that socialism could be achieved peacefully in the USA.

Lovestone and Gitlow formed their own group called the Communist Party (Opposition), a section of the pro-Bukharin This article is part of the Communism series. Schools of Communism Marxism Leninism Trotskyism Stalinism Maoism Left communism Council communism Anarcho-Communism Eurocommunism Juche Communist states Afghanistan (1978-1992) Albania (1945-1991) Angola (1975-1991) Benin (1975-1990) Bulgaria (1946-1989) Burma (1974-1988) Cambodia (1975-1991) Congo (1969-1991... International Communist Opposition, which was initially larger than the This article is part of the Communism series. Schools of Communism Marxism Leninism Trotskyism Stalinism Maoism Left communism Council communism Anarcho-Communism Eurocommunism Juche Communist states Afghanistan (1978-1992) Albania (1945-1991) Angola (1975-1991) Benin (1975-1990) Bulgaria (1946-1989) Burma 1 (1974-1988) Cambodia (1975-1991) Congo (1969... Trotskyists but failed to survive past 1941 is also the title of a Steven Spielberg movie made in 1979 see 1941 (film). Years: 1938 1939 1940 - 1941 - 1942 1943 1944 Decades: 1910s 1920s 1930s - 1940s - 1950s 1960s 1970s Centuries: 19th century - 20th century - 21st century 1941 in topic: Arts Architecture - Art - Film - Literature - Music Science and... 1941. Lovestone had initially called his faction the Communist Party (Majority Group) in the expectation that the majority of the CPUSA's members would join him, but only a few hundred people joined his new organization.

See also External link to Stalin's comments (http://www.marxists.org/reference/archive/stalin/works/1929/cpusa.htm). and Exceptionalism is a claim, a pattern of claiming, or an assertion that the subject under discussion is claiming, special exemption to commonly-held relationships or principles. It is used most frequently in historical surveys and in association with an assertion of destiny, i.e. that the supposedly exceptional character draws... Exceptionalism

The Third Period (1928-1935)

The upheavals within the CPUSA in 1928 were an echo of a much more significant change: Stalin's decision to break of any form of collaboration with western socialist parties, which were now condemned as "social fascists", had particularly severe consequences in Bundesrepublik Deutschland (In Detail) National motto: Einigkeit und Recht und Freiheit (German: Unity and Justice and Freedom) Official language German1 Capital Berlin Largest City Berlin Chancellor Gerhard Schröder President Horst Köhler Area - Total - % water Ranked 61st 349,223 km² 2.416% Population - Total (2004) - Density Ranked 13th 82... Germany, where the The Communist Party of Germany (in German, Kommunistische Partei Deutschlands – KPD) was formed in December of 1918 from the Spartacist League, which originated as a small factional grouping within the Social Democratic Party (SPD) opposed to the First World War on the grounds that it was an imperialist war... German Communist Party not only refused to work in alliance with the The Social Democratic Party of Germany (SPD – Sozialdemokratische Partei Deutschlands) is the second oldest political party of Germany still in existence and also one of the oldest and largest in the world, celebrating its 140th anniversary in 2003. Rooted in the workers movement, it is left-of-center and... German Socialist Party, but attacked it and its members.

In the United States the principal impact of the Third Period was to end the CPUSA's efforts to organize within the AFL through the TUEL and to turn its efforts into organizing dual unions through the Trade Union Unity League. Foster went along with this change, even though it contradicted the policies he had fought for previously. He did not, however, remain head of the CPUSA: in 1932 is a leap year starting on a Friday. Years: 1929 1930 1931 - 1932 - 1933 1934 1935 Decades: 1900s 1910s 1920s - 1930s - 1940s 1950s 1960s Centuries: 19th century - 20th century - 21st century 1932 in topic: Arts Architecture - Art - Film - Literature - Music Science and technology Aviation - Rail transport - Science - Television Other... 1932 one of his subordinates, Earl Russell Browder (May 20, 1891–June 27, 1973) was an American socialist and leader of the Communist Party USA. Browder was born in Wichita, Kansas. He joined the Socialist Party of America at the age of 15. During World War I he gave speeches urging the United States... Earl Browder, replaced him.

The Party's slogan in this period was "the united front from below". The Party devoted much of its energy in the early years of the The Great Depression was a global economic slump that began in 1929 and bottomed in 1933. However, most of the remainder of the 1930s was spent recovering from the contraction, and it would be well after World War II when such indicators as industrial production, share prices and global GDP... Great Depression to organizing the unemployed, attempting to found "red" unions, championing the rights of black Americans and fighting evictions of farmers and the working poor. At the same time, the Party attempted to weave its revolutionary politics into its day-to-day defense of workers, usually with only limited success.

The Popular Front (1935-1939)

The ideological rigidity of the third period began to crack, however, with two events: the election of Roosevelt in 1932 is a leap year starting on a Friday. Years: 1929 1930 1931 - 1932 - 1933 1934 1935 Decades: 1900s 1910s 1920s - 1930s - 1940s 1950s 1960s Centuries: 19th century - 20th century - 21st century 1932 in topic: Arts Architecture - Art - Film - Literature - Music Science and technology Aviation - Rail transport - Science - Television Other... 1932 and Adolf Hitler Born April 20 is the 110th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (111th in leap years). There are 255 days remaining. April Su Mo Tu We Th Fr Sa   1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16... Hitler's rise to power in Years: 1930 1931 1932 - 1933 - 1935 1936 1937 Decades: 1900s 1910s 1920s - 1930s - 1940s 1950s 1960s Centuries: 19th century - 20th century - 21st century 1933 in topic: Arts Architecture - Art - Film - Literature - Music Science and technology Aviation - Rail transport - Science - Television Other topics Canada - Sport Lists of leaders: State leaders - Religious... 1933. Franklin Delano Roosevelt Order: 32nd President Term of Office: March 4, 1933–April 12, 1945 Predecessor: Herbert Hoover Successor: Harry S. Truman Date of Birth January 30, 1882 Place of Birth: Hyde Park, New York Date of Death: April 12, 1945 Place of Death: Warm Springs, Georgia First Lady... Roosevelt's election and the passage of the The United States National Industrial Recovery Act (NIRA) of June 16, 1933 established codes of fair competition aimed at supporting prices and wages and stimulating economic revival from the Great Depression of 1929-33. The law created a National Recovery Administration (NRA) to promote compliance on the part of corporations... National Industrial Recovery Act in Years: 1930 1931 1932 - 1933 - 1935 1936 1937 Decades: 1900s 1910s 1920s - 1930s - 1940s 1950s 1960s Centuries: 19th century - 20th century - 21st century 1933 in topic: Arts Architecture - Art - Film - Literature - Music Science and technology Aviation - Rail transport - Science - Television Other topics Canada - Sport Lists of leaders: State leaders - Religious... 1933 sparked a tremendous upsurge in union organizing in 1933 and 1934. While the party line still favored creation of autonomous revolutionary unions, party activists chose to fold up those organizations and follow the mass of workers into the AFL unions they had been attacking.

The Seventh Congress of the Comintern made the change in line official in Years: 1932 1933 1934 - 1935 - 1936 1937 1938 Decades: 1900s 1910s 1920s - 1930s - 1940s 1950s 1960s Centuries: 19th century - 20th century - 21st century 1935 in topic: Arts Architecture - Art - Film - Literature - Music Science and technology Aviation - Rail transport - Science - Television Other topics Canada - Sport Lists of leaders: State leaders - Religious... 1935, when it declared the need for a “popular front” of all groups opposed to fascism. The CPUSA abandoned its opposition to the New Deal and provided many of the organizers for the The Congress of Industrial Organizations, or CIO, was a federation of unions that organized industrial workers in the United States and Canada in the 1930s through the 1950s. Originally known as the Committee for Industrial Organization, it was founded in 1935 by eight international unions within the American Federation of... Congress of Industrial Organizations.

The party also sought unity with forces to its right. Earl Browder offered to run as Norman Mattoon Thomas (November 20, 1884 - December 19, 1968) was a leading American socialist, pacifist, and six-time presidential candidate for the Socialist Party. The son of a Presbyterian minister, Thomas was born and raised in Marion, Ohio, and graduated from Marion High School. As a primary school age child... Norman Thomas' A running mate is a person running for a subordinate position on a joint ticket during an election. The term is usually used in reference to a prospective vice president of the United States, who the prospective president appoints sometime during the course of the election campaign. The term is... running mate on a joint Socialist Party-Communist Party ticket in the Presidential Candidate Electoral Vote Popular Vote Pct Party Running Mate (Electoral Votes) Franklin Delano Roosevelt of New York (W) 523 27,751,597 60.8% Democratic John Nance Garner of Texas (523) Alfred Mossman Landon of Kansas 8 16,679,583 36.6% Republican William Franklin Knox of Illinois (8... 1936 presidential election but Thomas rejected this overture.

The gesture did not mean that much in practical terms, since the CPUSA was, by Years: 1933 1934 1935 - 1936 - 1937 1938 1939 Decades: 1900s 1910s 1920s - 1930s - 1940s 1950s 1960s Centuries: 19th century - 20th century - 21st century 1936 in topic: Arts Architecture - Art - Film - Literature - Music Science and technology Aviation - Rail transport - Science - Television Other topics Canada - Sport Lists of leaders: State leaders - Religious... 1936, effectively supporting Roosevelt in much of its trade union work. While continuing to run its own candidates for office the CPUSA pursued a policy of representing the The neutrality and factual accuracy of this article are disputed. Please see the relevant discussion on the talk page. Unofficial Democratic Party logo depicts a stylized donkey in red, white, and blue. Democratic Party Founded: Colors: Blue (sometimes Red) Political ideology: Leans Center-Left The Democratic Party is one of... Democratic Party as the lesser evil in elections.

Party members also rallied to the defense of the Flag of the Spanish Republics. The Second Spanish Republic (1931 – 1939) was the second period in Spanish history in which the election of both the positions of Head of State and Head of government were in the hands of the people. The First Spanish Republic was from 1873 –... Spanish Republic during this period after a fascist military uprising tried to overthrow it, resulting in the Alternative meaning: Spanish Civil War, 1820-1823 A republican soldier seeks cover on the Plaza de Toros in Teruel, east of Madrid. The Spanish Civil War (1936 - 1939) was the result of complex political differences between the Republicans — supporters of the government of the day, the Second Spanish Republic... Spanish Civil War ( Years: 1933 1934 1935 - 1936 - 1937 1938 1939 Decades: 1900s 1910s 1920s - 1930s - 1940s 1950s 1960s Centuries: 19th century - 20th century - 21st century 1936 in topic: Arts Architecture - Art - Film - Literature - Music Science and technology Aviation - Rail transport - Science - Television Other topics Canada - Sport Lists of leaders: State leaders - Religious... 1936 to Years: 1936 1937 1938 - 1939 - 1940 1941 1942 Decades: 1900s 1910s 1920s - 1930s - 1940s 1950s 1960s Centuries: 19th century - 20th century - 21st century 1939 in topic: Arts Architecture - Art - Film - Literature - Music Science and technology Aviation - Rail transport - Science - Television Other topics Canada - Sport Lists of leaders: State leaders - Religious... 1939). The CPUSA, along with leftists throughout the world, raised funds for medical relief while many of its members made their way to Spain with the aid of the party to join the The Abraham Lincoln Brigade was an organization of United States volunteers supporting or fighting for the anti-fascist Spanish Republican forces in the Spanish Civil War as part of the International Brigade. The name brigade is something of a misnomer, as there were several American battalions organized under the Fifteenth... Lincoln Brigade, one of the Blason of the International Brigades The International Brigade was the name given to the band of volunteers and mercenaries who travelled to Spain to fight against the Nationalist forces led by General Franco and helped by Nazi German and Mussolini Italian forces, and defend the legitimate Spanish Republic government in... International Brigades. Among its other achievements, the Lincoln Brigade was the first American military force to include blacks and whites integrated on an equal basis.

Intellectually the Popular Front period saw the development of a strong communist influence in intellectual and artistic life. This was often through various organizations influenced or controlled by the Party or, as they were pejoratively known, " Communist front was a term used by the House Committee on Un-American Activities or the Senate Internal Security Subcommittee, especially during the 1950s, to label political organizations found to be under the effective control of the Communist Party, with special emphasis on those groups most active during the Great... fronts."

The Molotov-Ribbentrop Pact and World War II

Soviet Agitprop This work is copyrighted. The individual who uploaded this work and first used it in an article, and subsequent persons who place it into articles assert that this qualifies as fair use of the material under United States copyright law. File history Legend: (cur) = this is the current...

Soviet Agitprop This work is copyrighted. The individual who uploaded this work and first used it in an article, and subsequent persons who place it into articles assert that this qualifies as fair use of the material under United States copyright law. File history Legend: (cur) = this is the current...

The Washington Commonwealth Federation newspaper after the signing of the Molotov-Ribbentrop pact

The CPUSA was adamantly opposed to fascism during the Popular Front period. The signing of a A non-aggression pact is an international treaty between two or more states, agreeing to avoid war or armed conflict between them even if they find themselves fighting third countries, or even if one is fighting allies of the other. The most famous is the 1939 Molotov-Ribbentrop Pact between... non-aggression pact with Hitler (the Molotov (left), Ribbentrop (in black) and Stalin The Molotov-Ribbentrop pact, also known as the Hitler-Stalin pact or Nazi-Soviet pact, was a non-aggression treaty between Germany and Russia, or more precisely between the Soviet Union and the Third Reich. It was signed in Moscow on August 23... Molotov-Ribbentrop Pact) in Years: 1936 1937 1938 - 1939 - 1940 1941 1942 Decades: 1900s 1910s 1920s - 1930s - 1940s 1950s 1960s Centuries: 19th century - 20th century - 21st century 1939 in topic: Arts Architecture - Art - Film - Literature - Music Science and technology Aviation - Rail transport - Science - Television Other topics Canada - Sport Lists of leaders: State leaders - Religious... 1939 meant that the CPUSA turned its focus from anti-fascism to advocacy of peace. The CPUSA even went so far as to accuse The Right Honourable Sir Winston Leonard Spencer-Churchill KG, OM, CH, FRS (November 30, 1874 - January 24, 1965) was a British politician, best known as Prime Minister of the United Kingdom during World War II. At various times an author, soldier, journalist, and legislator, Churchill is generally regarded as one... Winston Churchill and Franklin Delano Roosevelt Order: 32nd President Term of Office: March 4, 1933–April 12, 1945 Predecessor: Herbert Hoover Successor: Harry S. Truman Date of Birth January 30, 1882 Place of Birth: Hyde Park, New York Date of Death: April 12, 1945 Place of Death: Warm Springs, Georgia First Lady... Franklin Delano Roosevelt of provoking aggression against Hitler and denouncing the For other uses, see Poland (disambiguation). The Republic of Poland, a country in Central Europe, lies between Germany to the west, the Czech Republic and Slovakia to the south, Ukraine and Belarus to the east, and the Baltic Sea, Lithuania and Russia (in the form of the Kaliningrad Oblast exclave... Polish government as fascist after the German and Soviet invasion.

In loyal, indeed abject, allegiance to the Soviet Union, the party changed this policy again after Hitler attacked the Soviet Union on June 22 is the 173rd day of the year (174th in leap years) in the Gregorian Calendar, with 192 days remaining. June Su Mo Tu We Th Fr Sa   1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20... June 22, 1941 is also the title of a Steven Spielberg movie made in 1979 see 1941 (film). Years: 1938 1939 1940 - 1941 - 1942 1943 1944 Decades: 1910s 1920s 1930s - 1940s - 1950s 1960s 1970s Centuries: 19th century - 20th century - 21st century 1941 in topic: Arts Architecture - Art - Film - Literature - Music Science and... 1941. So sudden was this change that CPUSA members of the UAW negotiating on behalf of the union reportedly changed their position from favoring strike action to opposing it in the same negotiating session.

Throughout the rest of German soldiers at the Battle of Stalingrad World War II was the most extensive and costly armed conflict in the history of the world, involving the great majority of the worlds nations, being fought simultaneously in several major theatres, and costing tens of millions of lives. The German invasion... World War II, the CPUSA went from pursuing a policy of militant, if sometimes bureaucratic trade unionism to opposing strike actions at all costs. The leadership of the CPUSA was among the most patriotic elements during these years, advocating social peace, supporting the prosecution of leaders of the There are various Socialist Workers Parties throughout the world. Parties include: Greece - Socialist Workers Party Hungary - Socialist Workers Party Ireland - Socialist Workers Party Luxembourg - Socialist Workers Party Romania - Socialist Workers Party Spain - Socialist Workers Party United Kingdom - Socialist Workers Party United States - Socialist Workers Party See also: Workers Party, Socialist... Socialist Workers Party under the newly enacted The Alien Registration Act or Smith Act (18 USC 2385) of 1940 made it a criminal offense for anyone to knowingly or willfully advocate, abet, advise, or teach the duty, necessity, desirability, or propriety of overthrowing the Government of the United States or of any State by force or violence... Smith Act, and opposing Asa Philip Randolph (April 15, 1889 - May 16, 1979) was a socialist active in the labor movement and the US civil rights movement. He was born in Crescent City, Florida. His father was a minister of the A.M.E. Church who moved the family to Jacksonville, Florida in 1891... A. Philip Randolph's efforts to organize a March on Washington to dramatize black workers' demands for equal treatment on the job.

The Onset of the Cold War

Earl Browder expected the wartime coalition between the Soviet Union and the west to bring about a prolonged period of social harmony after the war. In order to better integrate the communist movement into American life the party was officially dissolved in Years: 1941 1942 1943 - 1944 - 1945 1946 1947 Decades: 1910s 1920s 1930s - 1940s - 1950s 1960s 1970s Centuries: 19th century - 20th century - 21st century 1944 in topic: Arts Architecture - Art - Film - Literature - Music Science and technology Aviation - Rail transport - Science - Television Other topics Canada - Sport Lists of leaders: State leaders - Religious... 1944 and replaced by a Communist Political Association.

That harmony proved elusive, however, and the international communist movement swung to the left after the war ended. Browder found himself isolated when a critical letter from the leader of the The French Communist Party (Parti communiste français or PCF) was founded in 1920. The party publishes a daily newspaper called LHumanité, which was started in 1904 as the paper of the Socialist Party. In fact the PCF, originally known as the French Section of the Communist International (SFIC... French Communist Party received wide circulation. As a result of this, he was retired and replaced by William Zebulon Foster (February 25, 1891- September 1, 1961), known as William Z. Foster, was the long-time general secretary of the Communist Party USA and trade union leader. Foster was born in Taunton, Massachusetts. His family moved to Philadelphia.. where he left school at the age of ten to... William Z. Foster, who would remain the senior leader of the party until his own retirement in Years: 1955 1956 1957 - 1958 - 1959 1960 1961 Decades: 1920s 1930s 1940s - 1950s - 1960s 1970s 1980s Centuries: 19th century - 20th century - 21st century 1958 in topic: Arts Architecture - Art - Film - Literature - Music Science and technology Aviation - Rail transport - Science - Television Other topics Canada - Sport Lists of leaders: State leaders - Religious... 1958.

In line with other communist parties worldwide, the CPUSA also swung to the left and, as a result, experienced a brief period in which a number of internal critics argued for a more leftist stance than the leadership was willing to countenance. The result was the expulsion of a handful of "premature anti-revisionists".

More important for the party was the renewal of state persecution of the CPUSA. The For the victim of Mt. St. Helens, see Harry Truman (volcano victim). Harry S. Truman Order: 33rd President Term of Office: April 12, 1945 - January 20, 1953 Predecessor: Franklin Delano Roosevelt Successor: Dwight D. Eisenhower Date of Birth Thursday, May 8, 1884 Place of Birth: Lamar, Missouri Date of Death... Truman administration's loyalty oath program, introduced in Years: 1944 1945 1946 - 1947 - 1948 1949 1950 Decades: 1910s 1920s 1930s - 1940s - 1950s 1960s 1970s Centuries: 19th century - 20th century - 21st century 1947 in topic: Arts Architecture - Art - Film - Literature - Music Science and technology Aviation - Rail transport - Science - Television Other topics Canada - Sport Lists of leaders: State leaders - Religious... 1947, drove some leftists out of federal employment and, more importantly, legitimized the notion of communists as subversives, to be exposed and expelled from public and private employment. The The House Committee on Un-American Activities (HUAC) was an investigating committee of the United States House of Representatives. The committee investigated what it considered un-American propaganda, but was condemned by many for persecuting people and ruining their lives and careers on account of their personal political beliefs. The... House Committee on Un-American Activities, which forced Communists and their allies either to recant and name names or face blacklisting, made even brief affiliation with the CPUSA or any related groups grounds for public exposure and attack, inspiring local governments to adopt loyalty oaths and investigative commissions of their own. Private parties, such as the motion picture industry and self-appointed watchdog groups, extended the policy still further.

The union movement purged party members as well. The CIO formally expelled a number of left-led unions in 1949 is a common year starting on Saturday. Years: 1946 1947 1948 - 1949 - 1950 1951 1952 Decades: 1910s 1920s 1930s - 1940s - 1950s 1960s 1970s Centuries: 19th century - 20th century - 21st century 1949 in topic: Arts Architecture - Art - Film - Literature - Music Science and technology Aviation - Rail transport - Science - Television Other topics... 1949 after internal disputes triggered by the party's support for Henry Agard Wallace (October 7, 1888–November 18, 1965) was the 33rd Vice President of the United States. Contents // 1 Early Life 2 Wallaces Vice Presidency 3 Post Vice Presidency 4 Sources 5 External Links Early Life Wallace was born on a farm near Orient, Adair County, Iowa... Henry Agard Wallace's candidacy for For the pop band, see Presidents of the United States of America. Seal of the President of the United States, official impression The President of the United States is the head of state of the United States. Under the U.S. Constitution, the President is also the chief executive of... President and its opposition to the U.S. postage stamp issued 1997 honoring the 50th anniversary of the Marshall Plan. The Marshall Plan, known officially following its enactment as the European Recovery Program (ERP), was the main plan of the United States for the reconstruction of Europe following World War II. The initiative was named for... Marshall Plan, while other labor leaders sympathetic to the CPUSA either were driven out of their unions or dropped their alliances with the party.

The widespread fear of communism became even more acute after the Soviets' explosion of an The mushroom cloud of the atomic bombing of Nagasaki, Japan, in 1945 lifted nuclear fallout some 18 km (60,000 feet) above the epicenter. A nuclear weapon is a weapon that derives its energy from nuclear reactions and has enormous destructive power — a single nuclear weapon is capable of... atomic bomb in 1949 is a common year starting on Saturday. Years: 1946 1947 1948 - 1949 - 1950 1951 1952 Decades: 1910s 1920s 1930s - 1940s - 1950s 1960s 1970s Centuries: 19th century - 20th century - 21st century 1949 in topic: Arts Architecture - Art - Film - Literature - Music Science and technology Aviation - Rail transport - Science - Television Other topics... 1949 and discovery of Soviet espionage [1] (http://www.fbi.gov/libref/historic/history/postwar.htm). Ambitious politicians, including Richard Nixon Order: 37th President Term of Office: January 20, 1969–August 9, 1974 Predecessor: Lyndon B. Johnson Successor: Gerald R. Ford Date of Birth: January 9, 1913 Place of Birth: Yorba Linda, California Date of Death: April 22, 1994 Place of Death: New York, New York First Lady... Richard M. Nixon and Joseph McCarthy This article is about the American politician. For other people with the same name, see Joseph McCarthy (disambiguation). Joseph Raymond McCarthy (November 15, 1908 - May 2, 1957) was an American politician of the Republican Party. McCarthy served as a U.S. Senator from the U.S. state of... Joseph McCarthy, made names for themselves by exposing or threatening to expose Communists within the Truman administration or later, in McCarthy's case, within the The Army is the branch of the United States armed forces which has primary responsibility for land-based military operations. As of fiscal year 2002 (FY02), it consisted of 480,000 soldiers on active duty and 555,000 in reserve (350,000 in the Army National Guard (ARNG) and 205... United States Army. Liberal groups, such as the Americans For Democratic Action (ADA) was formed in January 1947, when Eleanor Roosevelt, John Kenneth Galbraith, Reinhold Niebuhr, Hubert Humphrey and 200 other activists. The made a break with others on the left in that they believed that it was not enough to not a be a Communist; one must... Americans for Democratic Action, not only distanced themselves from communists and communist causes, but defined themselves as anti-communist.

Criminal prosecutions

When the Communist Party was formed in 1919 the United States government was engaged in prosecution of Socialists who had opposed World War I and military service. This persecution was continued in 1919 and January, 1920 in the Palmer Raids or the Some factual claims in this article need to be verified. If you can do so, please leave a note on the talk page or adjust the article text as necessary, and then remove this notice. The term Red Scare has been applied to two distinct periods of intense anti-Communism... Red Scare. Many ordinary members of the Party were arrested and deported; leaders were prosecuted and in some cases sentenced to prison terms. In the late 1930s, with the authorization of President Roosevelt, the FBI began investigating both domestic Nazis and Communists. Congress passed the The Alien Registration Act or Smith Act (18 USC 2385) of 1940 made it a criminal offense for anyone to knowingly or willfully advocate, abet, advise, or teach the duty, necessity, desirability, or propriety of overthrowing the Government of the United States or of any State by force or violence... Smith Act, which made it illegal to advocate, abet, or teach the desirability of overthrowing the government, in 1940.

In 1949 is a common year starting on Saturday. Years: 1946 1947 1948 - 1949 - 1950 1951 1952 Decades: 1910s 1920s 1930s - 1940s - 1950s 1960s 1970s Centuries: 19th century - 20th century - 21st century 1949 in topic: Arts Architecture - Art - Film - Literature - Music Science and technology Aviation - Rail transport - Science - Television Other topics... 1949, the federal government put Eugene Dennis (August 10, 1905 - January 31, 1961) was a long time leader of the Communist Party USA and union organizer. He was born Francis Xavier Waldron in Seattle but adopted the pseudonym of Eugene Dennis in the 1930s. He worked in various jobs and was active in the Industrial... Eugene Dennis, William Z. Foster and ten other CPUSA leaders on trial for advocating the violent overthrow of the government. Because the prosecution could not show that any of the defendants had openly called for violence or been involved in accumulating weapons for a proposed revolution, it relied on the testimony of former members of the party that the defendants had privately advocated the overthrow of the government and on quotations from the work of Karl Marx Karl Heinrich Marx (May 5, 1818 – March 14, 1883) was an influential German philosopher, political economist, and a revolutionary. Marx was not only a social and political theorist, but was also active as an organizer of the revolutionary International Workingmens Association. Although Marx addressed a wide... Karl Marx, Lenin and other revolutionary figures of the past. During the course of the trial the judge held several of the defendants and all of their counsel in contempt of court.

All of the remaining eleven defendants were found guilty. The Supreme Court upheld the constitutionality of their convictions by a 6-2 vote in United States v. Dennis, 341 U.S. 494 (http://caselaw.lp.findlaw.com/scripts/getcase.pl?navby=CASE&court=US&vol=341&page=494) (1951). The government then proceeded with the prosecutions of more than 100 "second string" members of the party.

Panicked by these arrests and the fear that it was compromised by informants, Dennis and other party leaders decided to go underground and to disband many affiliated groups. The move only heightened the political isolation of the leadership, while making it nearly impossible for the Party to function.

The widespread persecution of communists and their associates began to abate somewhat after Senator Joseph McCarthy overreached himself in the Army-McCarthy hearings, producing a backlash; see The neutrality of this article is disputed. Please see the relevant discussion on the talk page. The excesses of the Red Scare and McCarthyism did not go unnoticed. The Army–McCarthy hearings in 1954 marked the apex of Cold War fears, with Joseph McCarthy discredited in the full glare... Reaction to McCarthyism. The Supreme Court brought a halt to the Smith Act prosecutions in Years: 1954 1955 1956 - 1957 - 1958 1959 1960 Decades: 1920s 1930s 1940s - 1950s - 1960s 1970s 1980s Centuries: 19th century - 20th century - 21st century 1957 in topic: Arts Architecture - Art - Film - Literature - Music Science and technology Aviation - Rail transport - Science - Television Other topics Canada - Sport Lists of leaders: State leaders - Religious... 1957 in its decision in Yates v. United States, 354 U.S. 298 (http://caselaw.lp.findlaw.com/scripts/getcase.pl?navby=CASE&court=US&vol=354&page=298) (1957), which required that the government prove that the defendant had actually taken concrete steps toward the forcible overthrow of the government, rather than merely advocating it in theory.

The crises of 1956

The Hungarians investigate a disabled Soviet tank in Budapest The 1956 Hungarian Revolution, also known as the Hungarian Uprising, was a popular revolt against Soviet influence and control in Hungary. The revolt was brutally suppressed by Soviet troops. About 25-50,000 Hungarian insurgents and 7,000 Soviet troops were killed... 1956 Soviet invasion of Hungary and the (Redirected from 20th Party Congress) The 20th Congress of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union was held during February 14—February 26, 1956. It is known especially for Nikita Khrushchevs Secret Speech, which denounced recently deceased Soviet dictator Joseph Stalin. During the morning closed session of the... Secret Speech of Nikita Khrushchev in 1962 Nikita Sergeyevich Khrushchev (Russian: Ники́та Серге́евич Хрущёв) (nih-KEE-tah khroo-SHCHYOFF) (April 17, 1894 – September 11, 1971) was the leader of the Soviet Union... Nikita Khrushchev to the Communist Party of the Soviet Union criticizing Stalin had a cataclysmic effect on the CPUSA [2] (http://www.trussel.com/hf/onleave.htm). Membership plummeted and the leadership briefly faced a challenge from a loose grouping led by The Daily Worker was a newspaper established by the American Communist party in 1924. While it generally reflected the prevailing views of the party, attempts were made to make it a paper that reflected the spectrum of left-wing opinion. At its peak, the newspaper achieved a circulation of 35... Daily Worker editor John Gates, born Solomon Regenstriet in New York City in 1913, was a prominent American Communist. While a student at City College of New York, he became interested in communism and joined the Young Communist League, USA (YCL). He was active in the campaign to free the Scottsboro Boys. Upon... John Gates, which wished to democratize the party. Perhaps the greatest single blow dealt to the party in this period was the loss of the Daily Worker, published since Years: 1921 1922 1923 - 1924 - 1925 1926 1927 Decades: 1890s 1900s 1910s - 1920s - 1930s 1940s 1950s Centuries: 19th century - 20th century - 21st century 1924 in topic: Arts Architecture - Art - Film - Literature - Music Science and technology Aviation - Rail transport - Science - Television Other topics Canada - Sport Lists of leaders: State leaders - Religious... 1924, which was suspended in Years: 1955 1956 1957 - 1958 - 1959 1960 1961 Decades: 1920s 1930s 1940s - 1950s - 1960s 1970s 1980s Centuries: 19th century - 20th century - 21st century 1958 in topic: Arts Architecture - Art - Film - Literature - Music Science and technology Aviation - Rail transport - Science - Television Other topics Canada - Sport Lists of leaders: State leaders - Religious... 1958 due to falling circulation.

Most of the critics would depart from the party demoralized, but remained active in progressive causes often working harmoniously with party members. This diaspora rapidly came to provide the audience for publications like the National Guardian and Monthly Review, which were to be important in the development of the The British New Left or Old New Left As a result of Khrushchevs secret speech denouncing Stalin and the Soviet invasion of Hungary in 1956, the Communist Party of Great Britain (CPGB) ruptured. Many left the party for Trotskyist groupings or for the Independent Labour Party. Others formed a... New Left in the Centuries: 19th century - 20th century - 21st century Decades: 1900s 1910s 1920s 1930s 1940s 1950s - 1960s - 1970s 1980s 1990s 2000s 2010s Years: 1960 1961 1962 1963 1964 1965 1966 1967 1968 1969 Contents // 1 Events and trends 1.1 Technology 1.2 Science 1.3 War, peace and politics 1.4... 1960s.

The post-1956 upheavals in the CPUSA also saw the advent of a new leadership around former steel worker Gus Hall. Hall's views were very much those of his mentor Foster, but the younger man was to be more rigorous in ensuring the party was completely orthodox than the older man in his last years. Therefore, while remaining critics who wished to liberalize the party were expelled, so too, in 1961, were other critics who sought to return the party to an even more stringent form of This article is part of the Communism series. Schools of Communism Marxism Leninism Trotskyism Stalinism Maoism Left communism Council communism Anarcho-Communism Eurocommunism Juche Communist states Afghanistan (1978-1992) Albania (1945-1991) Angola (1975-1991) Benin (1975-1990) Bulgaria (1946-1989) Burma 1 (1974-1988) Cambodia (1975-1991) Congo (1969... Stalinism.

Never a coherent or organized faction, these critics would include elements on both coasts who would come together to form the The Progressive Labor Party (originally the Progressive Labor Movement) is a minor communist political party in the United States. It was formed by members of the Communist Party USA who felt that the Soviet Union had betrayed Communism and become revisionist. They also felt that the CPUSA was adopting too... Progressive Labor Movement in the early 1960's. Through Progressive Labor, which soon adopted the title of party, former CPUSA cadre would come to play a role in many of the numerous This article is part of the Communism series. Schools of Communism Marxism Leninism Trotskyism Stalinism Maoism Left communism Council communism Anarcho-Communism Eurocommunism Juche Communist states Afghanistan (1978-1992) Albania (1945-1991) Angola (1975-1991) Benin (1975-1990) Bulgaria (1946-1989) Burma (1974-1988) Cambodia (1975-1991) Congo (1969-1991... Maoist organizations of the Millennia: 1st millennium - 2nd millennium - 3rd millennium Centuries: 19th century - 20th century - 21st century Decades: 1920s 1930s 1940s 1950s 1960s - 1970s - 1980s 1990s 2000s 2010s 2020s Years: 1970 1971 1972 1973 1974 1975 1976 1977 1978 1979 Contents // 1 Events and trends 1.1 Computers, technology 1.2 Science 1... 1970s. This article is about the political activist Jack Shulman, born in 1914, Rochester, New York, died in 2000 in New York City after a long illness. See below for other persons named Jack Shulman. Jack Shulman, Jacob Shulman, is notable mainly for his dissatisfaction with the Communist Party USAs... Jack Shulman, Foster's secretary, who also played a role in these organizations, was not expelled but resigned.

Recovery after McCarthyism

The CPUSA itself was largely eclipsed by the New Left in the 1960s; while it supported the The civil rights movement in the United States has been a long, primarily nonviolent struggle to bring full civil rights and equality under the law to all Americans. It has been made up of many movements, though it is often used to refer to the struggles between 1945 and 1970... civil rights movement, Martin Luther King Jr. The Reverend Martin Luther King, Jr., Ph.D. (January 15, 1929–April 4, 1968) was a Nobel Laureate, Baptist minister, and African American civil rights activist. He is one of the most significant leaders in U.S. history and in the modern history of nonviolence... Martin Luther King, Jr. and other movement leaders kept communists and former communists at arm's length for fear of being branded communists themselves. Similarly, the peace movement and the New Left rejected the CPUSA for both its bureaucratic rigidity and its association with Stalinism.

In the Millennia: 1st millennium - 2nd millennium - 3rd millennium Centuries: 19th century - 20th century - 21st century Decades: 1920s 1930s 1940s 1950s 1960s - 1970s - 1980s 1990s 2000s 2010s 2020s Years: 1970 1971 1972 1973 1974 1975 1976 1977 1978 1979 Contents // 1 Events and trends 1.1 Computers, technology 1.2 Science 1... 1970s, the CPUSA managed to grow in membership to about 25,000 members, despite the exodus of numerous In the communist or Marxist-Leninist movement, an anti-revisionist is one who favors a strict Stalinist or Maoist interpretation of Marxist-Leninist ideology. The term is generally seen as positive and used in self-description by the anti-revisionists themselves. The opposite term, revisionism, is most often used pejoratively... Anti-Revisionist and This article is part of the Communism series. Schools of Communism Marxism Leninism Trotskyism Stalinism Maoism Left communism Council communism Anarcho-Communism Eurocommunism Juche Communist states Afghanistan (1978-1992) Albania (1945-1991) Angola (1975-1991) Benin (1975-1990) Bulgaria (1946-1989) Burma (1974-1988) Cambodia (1975-1991) Congo (1969-1991... Maoist groups from its ranks. However, in This page is about the year 1984. For other uses of 1984, see 1984 (disambiguation). 1984 is a leap year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Years: 1981 1982 1983 - 1984 - 1985 1986 1987 Decades: 1950s 1960s 1970s - 1980s - 1990s 2000s 2010s Centuries: 19th century - 20th century - 21st century... 1984, seeing the onslaught of Ronald Reagan Order: 40th President Term of Office: January 20, 1981–January 20, 1989 Preceded by: Jimmy Carter Succeeded by: George H.W. Bush Date of birth: February 6, 1911 Place of birth: Tampico, Illinois Date of death: June 5, 2004 Place of death: Los Angeles, California First Lady... Ronald Reagan's anti-Communist administration and decreased CPUSA membership, Gus Hall chose to end the CPUSA's nation-wide electoral campaigns. The CPUSA still runs candidates for local office.

Fall of Communism

The era of Glasnost (Russian: гла́сность) was one of Mikhail Gorbachevs policies introduced to the Soviet Union in 1985. The term is a Russian word for publicity, openness. Gorbachevs goal in undertaking glasnost was in part to pressure conservatives within the party... glasnost and Perestroika (Перестро́йка) is the Russian word (which passed into English) for the economic reforms introduced in June 1987 by the Soviet leader Mikhail Gorbachev. Its literal meaning is restructuring, which refers to restructuring of the Soviet economy. Contents // 1... perestroika and the ultimate History of Russia series Early East Slavs Kievan Rus Volga Bulgaria Khazaria Mongol invasion Golden Horde Muscovy Imperial Russia Revolution of 1905 Revolution of 1917 Civil War Soviet Union - Russian Federation Contents // 1 The rise of Gorbachev 1.1 Perestroika and Glasnost 2 Yeltsin and the dissolution of the Soviet... collapse of the Soviet Union led to a crisis in the party. In the late 1980s the party became estranged from the leadership of Mikhail Sergeyevich Gorbachev (Russian: Михаи́л Серге́евич Горбачёв; Pronunciation: mih-kha-ILL ser-GHE-ye-vich gor-bah-CHOFF) (born March 2, 1931), was leader of the Soviet Union... Mikhail Gorbachev and criticized his policy of Perestroika (Перестро́йка) is the Russian word (which passed into English) for the economic reforms introduced in June 1987 by the Soviet leader Mikhail Gorbachev. Its literal meaning is restructuring, which refers to restructuring of the Soviet economy. Contents // 1... perestroika, leading to the For other usage of the initials CPSU see CPSU (disambiguation). This article is part of the Communism series. edit (http://en.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=Template:Communism&action=edit) Schools of Communism Marxism Leninism Trotskyism Stalinism Maoism Left communism Council communism Anarcho-Communism Eurocommunism Juche Communist... Communist Party of the Soviet Union cutting off its support of the CPUSA in 1989 is a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Years: 1986 1987 1988 - 1989 - 1990 1991 1992 Decades: 1950s 1960s 1970s - 1980s - 1990s 2000s 2010s Centuries: 19th century - 20th century - 21st century 1989 in topic: Arts Architecture - Art - Film - Literature - Music Science and technology Aviation - Rail transport... 1989.

The CPUSA's 1991 convention was consumed by a debate on the future orientation of the party following the collapse of the This article is part of the Communism series. Schools of Communism Marxism Leninism Trotskyism Stalinism Maoism Left communism Council communism Anarcho-Communism Eurocommunism Juche Communist states Afghanistan (1978-1992) Albania (1945-1991) Angola (1975-1991) Benin (1975-1990) Bulgaria (1946-1989) Burma (1974-1988) Cambodia (1975-1991) Congo (1969-1991... Eastern bloc. A moderate minority urged the Gus Hall leadership to reject This article is part of the Communism series. Schools of Communism Marxism Leninism Trotskyism Stalinism Maoism Left communism Council communism Anarcho-Communism Eurocommunism Juche Communist states Afghanistan (1978-1992) Albania (1945-1991) Angola (1975-1991) Benin (1975-1990) Bulgaria (1946-1989) Burma (1974-1988) Cambodia (1975-1991) Congo (1969-1991... Leninism and take the party on a post-Communist, Democratic socialism is a political movement propagating the ideals of socialism within the framework of a parliamentary democracy. Thinkers, writers and activists such as Robert Owen, Karl Marx, George Orwell, and Sidney and Beatrice Webb can all be said to have contributed to democratic socialist philosophy. However, popular movements such... democratic socialist direction. The party majority reasserted the orthodox line and the minority formed the Committees of Correspondence in 1992 as a moderate wing of the party. Unable to influence the CPUSA, the group soon left the party and established itself as an independent democratic socialist organization, now called the The Committees of Correspondence for Democracy and Socialism is a democratic socialist group in the United States which originated in 1992 as the Committees of Correspondence, a moderate, dissenting wing of the Communist Party USA. Named after the committees of correspondence of the American Revolution, the group was critical of... Committees of Correspondence for Democracy and Socialism.

Current activities

The current National Chair of the CPUSA is Sam Webb is the current General Secretary of the Communist Party USA. External link http://www.jrn.columbia.edu/studentwork/cns/2002-03-04/images/sam_webb_72.jpg Categories: Substubs ... Sam Webb. The newspaper is the People's Weekly World. The monthly journal is Political Affairs. Current membership is around 2,500 and has been slowly growing.

The Communist Party and Labor

See The Communist Party and its allies played an important role in the United States labor movement, particularly in the 1930s and 1940s, but never succeeded, with rare exceptions, either in bringing the labor movement around to its agenda or in converting their influence in any particular union into membership gains... Communists in the U.S. Labor Movement (1919-1937), Communists in the U.S. Labor Movement (1937-1950)

The Communist Party and African-Americans

See The Communist Party and African-Americans

Soviet funding of the Party and espionage

The USSR covertly subsidized the CPUSA from its foundation in 1919 until the dissolution of the Soviet Union. Releases from the Comintern archives show that all national Communist parties that conformed to the Soviet line were funded in the same fashion. From the Communist point of view this international funding arose from the internationalist nature of communism itself; fraternal assistance was considered the duty of Communists in any one country to give aid to their comrades in other countries, even if this meant influencing the internal affairs of sovereign countries in ways that these same Communists would denounce in public.

From Years: 1956 1957 1958 - 1959 - 1960 1961 1962 Decades: 1920s 1930s 1940s - 1950s - 1960s 1970s 1980s Centuries: 19th century - 20th century - 21st century 1959 in topic: Arts Architecture - Art - Film - Literature - Music Science and technology Aviation - Rail transport - Science - Television Other topics Canada - Sport Lists of leaders: State leaders - Religious... 1959 until 1989 is a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Years: 1986 1987 1988 - 1989 - 1990 1991 1992 Decades: 1950s 1960s 1970s - 1980s - 1990s 2000s 2010s Centuries: 19th century - 20th century - 21st century 1989 in topic: Arts Architecture - Art - Film - Literature - Music Science and technology Aviation - Rail transport... 1989, when Gus Hall attacked the initiatives taken by Mikhail Sergeyevich Gorbachev (Russian: Михаи́л Серге́евич Горбачёв; Pronunciation: mih-kha-ILL ser-GHE-ye-vich gor-bah-CHOFF) (born March 2, 1931), was leader of the Soviet Union... Mikhail Gorbachev in the Soviet redirects here. For other uses, see Soviet (disambiguation). The Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR) (Russian: Сою́з Сове́тских Социалисти́ческих Р... Soviet Union, the Party received a substantial subsidy from the Soviet Union. There is at least one receipt signed by Gus Hall in the KGB archives. [3] (http://members.iglou.com/jtmajor/SovWorl.htm) Starting with $75,000 in 1959 this was increased gradually to $3,000,000 in 1987 is a common year starting on Thursday of the Gregorian calendar. Years: 1984 1985 1986 - 1987 - 1988 1989 1990 Decades: 1950s 1960s 1970s - 1980s - 1990s 2000s 2010s Centuries: 19th century - 20th century - 21st century 1987 in topic: Arts Architecture - Art - Film - Literature - Music Science and technology Aviation - Rail transport... 1987. This substantial amount reflected the Party's subservience to the Moscow A political line is the general view a political party, organization, faction, or ideology takes on a given question. The existence of a political line gives its advocates guidance on what to say, which makes their work easier. It also gives opponents an understanding of who is linked together by... line, in contrast to the French and Italian Parties, whose This article is part of the Communism series. edit (http://en.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=Template:Communism&action=edit) Schools of Communism Marxism Leninism Trotskyism Stalinism Maoism Left communism Council communism Anarcho-Communism Eurocommunism Juche Communist states Afghanistan (1978-1992) Albania (1945-1991) Angola (1975-1991... Eurocommunism deviated from the orthodox line.

The cutoff of funds in 1989 resulted in a financial crisis resulting in cutting back publication in 1990 is a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar. Years: 1987 1988 1989 - 1990 - 1991 1992 1993 Decades: 1960s 1970s 1980s - 1990s - 2000s 2010s 2020s Centuries: 19th century - 20th century - 21st century 1990 in topic: Arts Architecture - Art - Film - Literature - Music Science and technology Aviation - Rail transport... 1990 of the Party newspaper, the People's Daily World, to weekly publication, the People's Weekly World. (References for this section are provided below.)

With the declassification of the FBI's files on the CPUSA, Russian archives holding the records of the Communist International and the CPUSA, and decrypted World War II Soviet messages between Black Ravens by Boris Vladimirski, a depiction of the cars used by NKVD agents. Curiously, this painting was approved by Stalins censors. The Narodnyi Komissariat Vnutrennikh Del (or NKVD) (Russian: Народный комиссариат... NKVD offices in the United States and Moscow, also known as the The VENONA project was a long-running and highly secret collaboration between the United States intelligence agencies and the United Kingdoms MI5 that involved the cryptanalysis of Soviet messages. US Army codebreakers had intercepted large volumes of encrypted high-level Soviet diplomatic and intelligence traffic during and immediately after... Venona Cables, the extent of the CPUSA's involvement in espionage is now becoming public. The Venona cables appear to confirm that The Rosenbergs Ethel Greenglass Rosenberg (1915-1953) and Julius Rosenberg (1918-1953) were American Communists who captured and maintained world attention after being tried, convicted, and executed for spying for the Soviet Union. The accuracy of these charges remains controversial, though decades later, Soviet communications decrypted by the VENONA project... Julius Rosenberg was guilty of espionage, while indicating that The Rosenbergs Ethel Greenglass Rosenberg (1915-1953) and Julius Rosenberg (1918-1953) were American Communists who captured and maintained world attention after being tried, convicted, and executed for spying for the Soviet Union. The accuracy of these charges remains controversial, though decades later, Soviet communications decrypted by the VENONA project... Ethel Rosenberg was not.

Theodore Hall (October 20, 1925-November 1, 1999) was an American physicist who, during his work on Allied effort to develop the first atomic bombs during World War II (the Manhattan Project), gave a detailed description of the Fat Man plutonium bomb, and of processes for purifying plutonium, to the... Theodore Hall, a This article is about the institution of higher learning in the United States. For other uses of the name Harvard, see Harvard (disambiguation). Harvard University Motto Veritas (Truth) Established September 8, 1636 School type Private President Lawrence H. Summers Location Cambridge, Mass., USA Campus Urban Enrollment 6,650 undergraduate, 13... Harvard-trained The word physicist should not be confused with physician, which means medical doctor. A physicist is a scientist trained in physics. Physicists are employed by universities as professors, lecturers, researchers, and by laboratories in industry. Employment as a professional physicist generally requires a doctoral degree. However, many people who have... physicist and CPUSA member, began passing information on the atomic bomb to the Soviets soon after he was hired at Los Alamos usually refers to the United States national laboratory in Los Alamos, New Mexico which was founded during the World War II effort to develop the atomic bomb (the Manhattan Project), was one of the two laboratories developing the USAs nuclear weapons during the Cold War, and is... Los Alamos at age 19. Hall, who was known as Mlad by his KGB handlers, escaped prosecution. Hall's wife, aware of his espionage, claims that their NKVD handler had advised them to plead innocent, as the Rosenbergs did, if formally charged.

Leaders of the Communist Party USA

• Charles Ruthenberg, General Secretary (1919-1927), James P. Cannon (1940) James Patrick Cannon (1890-1974) was an American Communist and then Trotskyist leader. Born in Rosedale, Kansas, he was first a member of the Industrial Workers of the World and then of the Socialist Party of the USA. He opposed World War I from an internationalist... James P. Cannon, Party Chairman, (1919-1928)
• Jay Lovestone (1897-1990) was at various times head of the Communist Party, leader of a small oppositionist party, and foreign policy advisor to the leadership of the AFL-CIO and various unions within it. Contents // 1 Early history 2 Communist Party (Opposition) 3 Union and anti-communist activities 4... Jay Lovestone (1927-1929)
• William Zebulon Foster (February 25, 1891- September 1, 1961), known as William Z. Foster, was the long-time general secretary of the Communist Party USA and trade union leader. Foster was born in Taunton, Massachusetts. His family moved to Philadelphia.. where he left school at the age of ten to... William Z. Foster (1929-1932)
• Earl Russell Browder (May 20, 1891–June 27, 1973) was an American socialist and leader of the Communist Party USA. Browder was born in Wichita, Kansas. He joined the Socialist Party of America at the age of 15. During World War I he gave speeches urging the United States... Earl Browder (1932-1945)
• Eugene Dennis (August 10, 1905 - January 31, 1961) was a long time leader of the Communist Party USA and union organizer. He was born Francis Xavier Waldron in Seattle but adopted the pseudonym of Eugene Dennis in the 1930s. He worked in various jobs and was active in the Industrial... Eugene Dennis, the term General Secretary (alternatively First Secretary) denotes a leader of various unions, parties or associations. The most notable usages are the following. The official title of the de-facto leader of the Soviet Union was the General Secretary of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union. Joseph Stalin is... General Secretary (1945-1959) and William Zebulon Foster (February 25, 1891- September 1, 1961), known as William Z. Foster, was the long-time general secretary of the Communist Party USA and trade union leader. Foster was born in Taunton, Massachusetts. His family moved to Philadelphia.. where he left school at the age of ten to... William Z. Foster, Party Chairman (1945-1957)
• Gus Hall Gus Hall (October 8, 1910 - October 13, 2000) was a labor organizer, a founder of the United Steelworkers of America trade union, a leader of the Communist Party USA and four-time U.S. presidential candidate on the CPUSA ticket. Hall was born Arvo Gustav Halberg in Virginia... Gus Hall (1959-2000)
• Sam Webb is the current General Secretary of the Communist Party USA. External link http://www.jrn.columbia.edu/studentwork/cns/2002-03-04/images/sam_webb_72.jpg Categories: Substubs ... Sam Webb (since 2000)

Presidential candidates

• 1924 - William Zebulon Foster (February 25, 1891- September 1, 1961), known as William Z. Foster, was the long-time general secretary of the Communist Party USA and trade union leader. Foster was born in Taunton, Massachusetts. His family moved to Philadelphia.. where he left school at the age of ten to... William Z. Foster
• 1928 - William Zebulon Foster (February 25, 1891- September 1, 1961), known as William Z. Foster, was the long-time general secretary of the Communist Party USA and trade union leader. Foster was born in Taunton, Massachusetts. His family moved to Philadelphia.. where he left school at the age of ten to... William Z. Foster
• 1932 - William Zebulon Foster (February 25, 1891- September 1, 1961), known as William Z. Foster, was the long-time general secretary of the Communist Party USA and trade union leader. Foster was born in Taunton, Massachusetts. His family moved to Philadelphia.. where he left school at the age of ten to... William Z. Foster
• 1936 - Earl Russell Browder (May 20, 1891–June 27, 1973) was an American socialist and leader of the Communist Party USA. Browder was born in Wichita, Kansas. He joined the Socialist Party of America at the age of 15. During World War I he gave speeches urging the United States... Earl Browder
• 1940 - Earl Russell Browder (May 20, 1891–June 27, 1973) was an American socialist and leader of the Communist Party USA. Browder was born in Wichita, Kansas. He joined the Socialist Party of America at the age of 15. During World War I he gave speeches urging the United States... Earl Browder
• 1968 - Charlene Mitchell
• 1972 - Gus Hall Gus Hall (October 8, 1910 - October 13, 2000) was a labor organizer, a founder of the United Steelworkers of America trade union, a leader of the Communist Party USA and four-time U.S. presidential candidate on the CPUSA ticket. Hall was born Arvo Gustav Halberg in Virginia... Gus Hall
• 1976 - Gus Hall Gus Hall (October 8, 1910 - October 13, 2000) was a labor organizer, a founder of the United Steelworkers of America trade union, a leader of the Communist Party USA and four-time U.S. presidential candidate on the CPUSA ticket. Hall was born Arvo Gustav Halberg in Virginia... Gus Hall
• 1980 - Gus Hall Gus Hall (October 8, 1910 - October 13, 2000) was a labor organizer, a founder of the United Steelworkers of America trade union, a leader of the Communist Party USA and four-time U.S. presidential candidate on the CPUSA ticket. Hall was born Arvo Gustav Halberg in Virginia... Gus Hall
• 1984 - Gus Hall Gus Hall (October 8, 1910 - October 13, 2000) was a labor organizer, a founder of the United Steelworkers of America trade union, a leader of the Communist Party USA and four-time U.S. presidential candidate on the CPUSA ticket. Hall was born Arvo Gustav Halberg in Virginia... Gus Hall

See also

• This article is part of the Communism series. edit (http://en.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=Template:Communism&action=edit) Schools of Communism Marxism Leninism Trotskyism Stalinism Maoism Left communism Council communism Anarcho-Communism Eurocommunism Juche Communist states Afghanistan (1978-1992) Albania (1945-1991) Angola (1975-1991... Communist party
• This article is part of the series Politics of the United States Constitution Federal government Congress Senate House of Representatives Supreme Court President Vice President Cabinet Speaker of the House Senate Majority Leader Chief Justice Elections Political Parties - Republicans - Democrats Political parties in the United States lists political parties in... List of political parties in the United States
• This article is part of the Communism series. Schools of Communism Marxism Leninism Trotskyism Stalinism Maoism Left communism Council communism Anarcho-Communism Eurocommunism Juche Communist states Afghanistan (1978-1992) Albania (1945-1991) Angola (1975-1991) Benin (1975-1990) Bulgaria (1946-1989) Burma (1974-1988) Cambodia (1975-1991) Congo (1969-1991... List of Communist parties

External links

CPUSA websites

• CPUSA website (http://www.cpusa.org), including a collection of FAQs (http://www.cpusa.org/article/static/511/)
• People's Weekly World (http://www.pww.org) weekly newspaper
• Political Affairs (http://www.politicalaffairs.net) monthly theoretical publication
• Reference Center for Marxist Studies (http://www.marxistlibrary.org/index.html) archives

Anti-CPUSA articles

• Allen, Raymond B. Communists Should Not Teach In American Colleges (http://www.english.upenn.edu/~afilreis/50s/raymond-allen.html) Educational Forum. Vol. 13 # 4. May 1949.
• Beichman, Arnold. Guilty as Charged (http://www-hoover.stanford.edu/publications/digest/992/beichman.html) Weekly Standard. December 14, 1998.

References

References for: Soviet funding of the Party

• The Sword and the Shield: The Mitrokhin Archive and the Secret History of the KGB, Christopher Andrew and Vasili Mitrokhin (born 1922) is a former General and head archivist for the Soviet Foreign Intelligence service, the First Chief Directorate of the KGB, and co-author with Christopher Andrew of The Mitrokhin Archive: The KGB in Europe and the West, a massive account of Soviet intelligence operations based on... Vasili Mitrokhin, Basic Books, 1999, hardcover edition, p. 287-293, p. 306, ISBN 0465003109. Vasili Mitrokhin was an archivist who worked for the For other meanings, see KGB (disambiguation). The Komitet Gosudarstvennoy Bezopasnosti (or KGB) (Russian: Комите́т Госуда́рственной Безопа́сности... KGB. After 1972 was a leap year that started on a Saturday. Years: 1969 1970 1971 - 1972 - 1973 1974 1975 Decades: 1940s 1950s 1960s - 1970s - 1980s 1990s 2000s Centuries: 19th century - 20th century - 21st century 1972 in topic: Arts Architecture - Art - Film - Literature - Music Science and technology Aviation - Rail transport - Science - Television... 1972, when the KGB established its new modern offices at Yasenovo, Mitrokhin was entrusted with transferring the corpus of KGB files from its old office at the Lubyanka may refer to Lubyanka Square, Moscow Lubyanka prison, Moscow Lubyanka -- an informal reference to the former headquarters of KGB, at Lubyanka Square, Moscow. This is a disambiguation page — a navigational aid which lists other pages that might otherwise share the same title. If an article link referred you... Lubyanka in For other uses, see Moscow (disambiguation). Saint Basils Cathedral Moscow (Russian/Cyrillic: Москва́, pronounciation: Moskva), capital of Russia, located on the river Moskva, and encompassing 878.7 km2. The citys population is rapidly increasing, with 11.2 million inhabitants counted in 2004... Moscow to the new offices. During the next ten years while performing these duties he copied many files which he turned over to British intelligence when he defected in March, 1992.
• Operation Solo: The FBI's Man in the Kremlin, John Barron, Regnery Publishing, 1996, ISBN 0895264862; 2001 edition, ISBN 0709160615. This biography of Morris Childs, who together with his brother Jack arranged for and handled the money transfers during the Centuries: 19th century - 20th century - 21st century Decades: 1900s 1910s 1920s 1930s 1940s 1950s - 1960s - 1970s 1980s 1990s 2000s 2010s Years: 1960 1961 1962 1963 1964 1965 1966 1967 1968 1969 Contents // 1 Events and trends 1.1 Technology 1.2 Science 1.3 War, peace and politics 1.4... 1960s and Millennia: 1st millennium - 2nd millennium - 3rd millennium Centuries: 19th century - 20th century - 21st century Decades: 1920s 1930s 1940s 1950s 1960s - 1970s - 1980s 1990s 2000s 2010s 2020s Years: 1970 1971 1972 1973 1974 1975 1976 1977 1978 1979 Contents // 1 Events and trends 1.1 Computers, technology 1.2 Science 1... 70s, contains much of the same material.

Further reading

• American Communist History a peer-reviewed journal published by the Historians of American Communism. [4] (http://www.tandf.co.uk/journals/titles/14743892.html)
• Harvey Klehr and John Earl Haynes, The American Communist Movement: Storming Heaven Itself, Twayne Publishers (Macmillan), 1992, hardcover, 210 pages, ISBN 080573855X, trade paperback ISBN 0805738568
• Theodor Draper, The Roots of American Communism, Viking, 1957
• Theodor Draper, American Communism and Soviet Russia: The Formative Period, Viking, 1960
• Harvey Klehr, The Heyday of American Communism:The Depression Decade, Basic Books, 1984, hardcover, ISBN 0465029450, trade paperback, 1985, ISBN 0465029469
• Maurice Isserman, Which Side Were You On?: The American Communist Party During the Second World War, Wesleyan University Press, 1982 and 1987, University of Illinois Press, 1993, trade paperback, ISBN 0252063368, reprint edition ISBN 0819561118
• Philip J. Jaffe, Rise and Fall of American Communism, Horizon Press, 1975, hardcover, ISBN 0818008172
• Joseph R. Starobin, American Communism in Crisis, 1943-1957, Harvard University Press, 1972, hardcover, ISBN 0674022750
• Irving Howe and Lewis Coser, The American Communist Party: A Critical History, Beacon Press, 1957
• Guenter Lewy, The Cause That Failed: Communism in American Political Life, Oxford University Press, 1997, hardcover, ISBN 0195057481
• Aileen S. Kraditor, Jimmy Higgins: The Mental World of the American Rank-And-File Communist, 1930-1958 Greenwood Publishing Company, 1988, hardcover, ISBN 0313262462

Union history

• Bert Cochran, Labor and Communism: The Conflict That Shaped American Unions, Princeton University Press, 1977, ISBN 0691046441
• Harvey Levenstein, Communism, Anticommunism, and the CIO, Greenwood, 1981, hardcover, ISBN 0313220727
• Max M. Kampelman, Communist Party vs the CIO: A Study in Power Politics (American Labor Series No. 2), Ayer Company Publishing, 1971, hardcover, ISBN 0405029292
• Ronald W. Schatz, Electrical Workers: A History of Labor at General Electric and Westinghouse, 1923-60, University of Illinois Press, 1983, hardcover, ISBN 0252010310; paperback reprint ISBN 0252014383
• Joshua B. Freeman, In Transit: The Transport Workers Union in New York City, 1933-1966 With a New Epilogue, Temple University Press, 2001, trade paperback 446 pages, ISBN 156639922X
• Roger Keeran, Communist Party and the Auto Workers Unions, Indiana University Press, 1980, hardcover, ISBN 0253157544
• Cletus E. Daniel, Bitter Harvest: A History of California Farmworkers, 1870-1941, University of California Press, 1982, trade paperback, ISBN 0520047222; textbook binding, Cornell University Press, 1981, ISBN 0801412846

Agricultural issues

• Robin D.G. Kelley, Hammer and Hoe: Alabama Communists During the Great Depression, University of North Carolina Press, 1990, trade paperback, ISBN 0807842885
• Lowell K., Dyson, Red Harvest: The Communist Party and American Farmers, University of Nebraska Press, 1982, hardcover, ISBN 0803216599

Social, cultural and ethnic issues

• Nathan Glazer, The Social Basis of American Communism, Greenwood, 1974, ISBN 0837174767
• Harvey E. Klehr, Communist Cadre: The Social Background of the American Communist Party, Hoover Institution Press, 1960, ISBN 0685672794
• Auvo Kostiainen, The Forging of Finnish-American Communism, 1917-1924: A Study in Ethnic Radicalism, Annales Universitatis Turkuensis, Series B, No. 147, University of Turku, Turku, Finland, 1978
• Mark Naison, Communists in Harlem During the Depression, University of Illinois Press, 1983, hardcover, ISBN 0252006445; Grove Press reprint, 1985, ISBN 0802151833
• Charles H., Martin, The Angelo Herndon Case and Southern Justice Louisiana State University Press, 1976, ISBN 0807101745
• Dan T. Carter, Scottsboro a Tragedy of the American South, Oxford University Press, 1972, trade paperback, ISBN 0195014855; Louisiana State University Press; 1979, trade paperback, ISBN 0807104981
• Lawrence H. Schwartz, Marxism and Culture: The CPUSA and Aesthetics in the 1930s, Authors Choice Press (2000), trade paperback, ISBN 0595127517

Related issues

• Daniel Aaron, Writers on the Left: Episodes in American Literary Communism, Harcourt Brace & World, 1959
• Larry Ceplair and Steven Englund, Inquisition in Hollywood: Politics in the Film Community, 1930-1960, Doubleday, 1980, hardcover, ISBN 0385129009; University of Illinois Press, 2003, trade paperback, 576 pages, ISBN 0252071417
• Robert Rosenstone, Crusade on the Left: The Lincoln Battalion in the Spanish Civil War, Pegasus, 1969.
• Constance Ashton Myers, The Prophet's Army : Trotskyists in America, 1928-1941, Greenwood, 1977, hardcover, 281 pages, ISBN 0837190304
• Robert Jackson Alexander and Robert S. Alley, Right Opposition: The Lovestoneites and the International Communist Opposition of the 1930's, Greenwood, 1981, hardcover, 342 pages, ISBN 0313220700

New Left

• Peter Collier and David Horowitz, Destructive Generation: Second Thoughts about the '60s, Summit Books, 1989, hardcover, ISBN 0671667521; Summit Books, trade paperback, ISBN 0671701282; Simon and Schuster, 1996, trade paperback, 398 pages, ISBN 0684826410
• Todd Gitlin, Sixties: Years of Hope, Days of Rage, Bantam, 1987, hardcover, ISBN 0553052330; Bantam Dell, 1993, trade paperback, ISBN 0553372122
• James E. Miller also known as Jim or James Miller, Democracy Is in the Streets: From Port Huron to the Siege of Chicago, Touchstone Books, 1988, hardcover, ISBN 0671530569; Harvard University Press, 1994, trade paperback, ISBN 0674197259; Touchstone Books, 1988, trade paperback, ISBN 067166235X

Espionage and infiltration

• Allen, Weinstein, Perjury: The Hiss-Chambers Case, Knopf, 1978, hardcover, ISBN 0394495462
• Ronald Radosh and Joyce Milton, The Rosenberg File: A Search for the Truth, Henry Holt, 1983, hardcover, ISBN 0030490367; Yale University Press, 2nd edition, 1997, trade paperback, 616 pages, ISBN 0300072058
• Earl Latham, Communist Controversy in Washington: From the New Deal to McCarthy, Holiday House, 1972, ISBN 0689701217; hardcover, ISBN 1125650796
• Richard M. Fried, Nightmare in Red: The McCarthy Era in Perspective, Oxford University Press, 1991, trade paperback, ISBN 019504360X; ISBN 195043618

Joseph McCarthy

• David M. Oshinsky, A Conspiracy So Immense: The World of Joe McCarthy, Simon and Schuster, 1985, trade paperback, ISBN 0029237602; Free Press, ISBN 0029234905
• Thomas C. Reeves, Life and Times of Joe McCarthy, Stein & Day, 1983, hardcover, ISBN 0812823370

Bibliography

• John Earl Haynes, Communism and Anti-Communism in the United States: An Annotated Guide to Historical Writings (Garland Reference Library of Social Science, Vol 379), Garland Science, 1987, hardcover ISBN 0824085205
• Newsletter of the Historians of American Communism (http://www.historians.org/affiliates/hisn_am_communism.htm)