Anarchism Anarchism in culture Jump to: navigation, search Anarchism is a generic term describing various political philosophies and social movements that advocate the elimination of all forms of social hierarchy. ... File links The following pages link to this file: Anarchism Anarchy Individualist anarchism Libertarianism Anarcho-Communism Libertarian socialism The Angry Brigade Haymarket Riot Anarcho-syndicalism Anarchist law Anarcho-punk List of creative works about anarchism Spanish Revolution Freedom Press Confederación Nacional del Trabajo Primitivism Green anarchism WOMBLES Squamish Five... Anarchism and Marxism Anarchism and religion Anarchism and society Anarchism and the arts Anarchist economics Anarchist law Anarchist symbolism Anarcho-punk This article needs to be cleaned up to conform to a higher standard of quality. ... Jump to: navigation, search Anarchists have traditionally been sceptical and opposed to organized religion. ... Jump to: navigation, search This article discusses the anarchist critiques of society and proposed solutions from the anarchist perspective. ... This article needs to be cleaned up to conform to a higher standard of quality. ... Anarchist economics entails theory and praxis relating to economic activity within the philosophical outlines of anarchism. ... Anarchist law refers to a concept about the law to use in anarchies, although some people define anarchies as communities without any law. ... Jump to: navigation, search This article discusses various anarchist symbols, including the circle-A and the black flag. ... The anarchy symbol commonly used by anarcho-punks Anarcho-punk (sometimes known as peace-punk) is a subgenre of the punk rock movement consisting of groups and bands promoting specifically anarchist ideas. ... Strategic Movements Anarcha-feminism Anarchist communism Anarcho-syndicalism Green Anarchism Anarcho-primitivism Anarchism without adjectives Individualist anarchism Jump to: navigation, search Anarcha-feminism combines anarchism with feminism. ... Anarcho-syndicalism is a branch of anarchism which focuses on the labor movement, hence the syndicalism qualification. ... Green anarchists compose a diverse and open movement of people who take influences from a variety of different places. ... Jump to: navigation, search Anarcho-primitivism is an anarchist critique of the origins and progress of civilization. ... This article needs to be cleaned up to conform to a higher standard of quality. ... Individualist anarchism is a philosophical tradition that opposes collectivism and has a particularly strong emphasis on the supremacy and autonomy of the individual. ... Relevant lists Anarchists Books Communities Concepts Musicians Organizations Jump to: navigation, search The following is a list of individuals who have been regarded as anarchists by themselves or others, arranged by surname. ... Jump to: navigation, search This is a list of past and present anarchist communities. ... These are concepts which, although not exclusive to anarchism, are significant in historical and/or modern anarchist circles. ... Jump to: navigation, search The following is a list of notable anarchist musicians. ... This list uses the word organization in its loosest sense. ...

Anarchist Communism, also known as Anarcho-Communism, Communo-Anarchism or Libertarian Communism, is a political ideology related to Libertarian socialism. However, the terms Anarchist Communism and Libertarian Communism should not be considered synonyms for libertarian socialism. Anarchist Communism is a particular branch of libertarian socialism. It is also important to note that although the term Libertarian Communism is often used as a synom for Anarchist Communism, they are not necessarily the same ideology. While all Anarchist Communists are Libertarian Communists, not all Libertarian Communists are anarchists. For example, Council Communism is a form of Libertarian Communism, but not anarchism. Jump to: navigation, search An ideology is a collection of ideas. ... Jump to: navigation, search Libertarian socialism is any one of a group of political philosophies dedicated to opposing coercive forms of authority and social hierarchy, in particular the institutions of capitalism and the state. ... Council communism was a radical Left movement originating in Germany and the Netherlands in the 1920s. ...

Anarchist Communism was first formulated in the Italian section of the First International, by Carlo Cafiero, Errico Malatesta, Andrea Costa and other ex-Mazzinian Republicans. Out of respect for Mikhail Bakunin, they did not make their differences from Proudhon's individualist anarchism and mutualism explicit until after Bakunin's death. While both groups argued against capitalism for the freedom of the worker to retain the full benefit of their labor, they departed in that Proudhon argued that such benefit should take the form of individual ownership, while anarcho-communists felt that collective ownership would better protect against what each group saw as the negative effects of large-scale accumulation of capital. Cafeiro explains in Anarchie et Communisme that private property in the product of labor will lead to unequal accumulation of capital, and therefore undesirable class distinctions. Joseph Dejacque altered Proudhon's theory, asserting that "it is not the product of his or her labor that the worker has a right to, but to the satisfaction of his or her needs, whatever may be their nature." In 1876, at the Florence Conference of the Italian Federation of the International (which was actually held in a forest outside Florence, due to police activity), they declared the principles of Anarcho-Communism, beginning with: The International Workingmens Association, sometimes called the First International, was an international organization which aimed at uniting a variety of different left-wing political groups and trade union organizations which were based on the working class. ... Carlo Cafiero (1846-1892) Important Italian anarchist & champion of Mikhail Bakunin during the second half of the 1800s. ... Errico Malatesta Errico Malatesta (December 14, 1853 – July 22, 1932) was an anarchist with an unshakable belief, which he shared with his friend Peter Kropotkin, that the anarchist revolution would occur soon. ... Andrea Costa (1851-1913) was an Italian socialist activist, born in Imola. ... Giuseppe Mazzini (Genoa, June 22, 1805 – Pisa, March 10, 1872) was an Italian writer and politician. ... Mikhail Alexandrovich Bakunin (Trolo) (Russian — Михаил Александрович Бакунин, Michel Bakunin — on the grave in Bern), (May 30, 1814–June 13, 1876) was a well known Russian anarchist. ... Jump to: navigation, search Pierre-Joseph Proudhon et ses enfants, Gustave Courbet, 1865. ... Individualist anarchism is a philosophical tradition that opposes collectivism and has a particularly strong emphasis on the supremacy and autonomy of the individual. ... For another use of the term see Mutualism (economic theory). ... Joseph Dejacque (b. ... 1876 is a leap year starting on Saturday. ... Jump to: navigation, search Founded 59 BC as Florentia Region Tuscany Mayor Leonardo Domenici (Democratici di Sinistra) Area  - City Proper  102 km² Population  - City (2004)  - Metropolitan  - Density (city proper) 356,000 almost 500,000 3,453/km² Time zone CET, UTC+1 Latitude Longitude 43°47 N 11°15 E...

"The Italian Federation considers the collective property of the products of labour as the necessary complement to the collectivist programme, the aid of all for the satisfaction of the needs of each being the only rule of production and consumption which corresponds to the principle of solidarity. The federal congress at Florence has eloquently demonstrated the opinion of the Italian International on this point..."

The above report was made in an article by Malatesta and Cafiero in the (Swiss) Jura Federation's bulletin later that year.

Anarchist Communism stresses egalitarianism, the abolition of money, and the introduction of the gift economy to facilitate the sharing of goods. Jump to: navigation, search Money Money is any marketable good or token used by a society as a store of value, a medium of exchange, and a unit of account. ... Jump to: navigation, search A gift economy is an economic system in which the prevalent mode of exchange is for goods and services to be given without explicit agreement upon a quid pro quo. ...

In Anarchist Communism, profit no longer exists and goods are given away as gifts in the certainty that others will also give products back (in an industrial setting, this would occur between worker syndicates as well as between individuals). If one syndicate does not share their products, they will not receive resources from other syndicates, making it in their best interest to share.

Anarchist Communism also advocates the abolition of work in the sense of wage slavery, and recommends worker self management to improve working conditions, increase efficiency, and make working enjoyable. Wage slavery is a condition in which a person is legally (de jure) voluntarily employed but practically (de facto) a slave. ...

Philosophical arguments

Anarchist Communism emphasizes the collective experience as distinct and important in the pursuit of freedom. All forms of Anarchism recognize the experience of collective identity to some extent, but the Anarchist Communists, starting with Peter Kropotkin and extending out through Alexander Berkman, Nestor Makhno, and many others recognized that there was more to experiences which were less individualistic than meets the eye. Jump to: navigation, search Personal Liberty is one of the meanings of freedom. Statue of Liberty - Societal Liberty is one of the meanings of freedom. For proper-noun uses of Freedom, see Freedom (disambiguation). ... Peter Kropotkin Prince Peter Alexeevich Kropotkin (In Russian Пётр Алексе́евич Кропо́ткин) (December 9, 1842 - February 8, 1921) was one of Russias foremost anarchists and one of the first advocates of what he called anarchist communism: the model of society he advocated for most of his life was that of a communalist society... Alexander Berkman together with Emma Goldman in 1917 Alexander Berkman (21 November 1870 - 28 June 1936) was a Russian writer and activist who lived and worked for many years in the United States, where he was a leading member of the anarchist movement. ... Jump to: navigation, search This article needs to be cleaned up to conform to a higher standard of quality. ...

Implicitly, the Anarchist Communists followed a Kantian scheme of classification: like Kant they divided life into its individualistic parts, which have a parallel with Kant's Pure Reason, and the less obvious parts of life which characterize our relations to one another, which parallels Kant's Practical Reason. To put it bluntly: no matter how autonomous we might be to ourselves when we're alone, once we start interacting with the world and with other people our change in circumstance calls for a different perspective. Jump to: navigation, search Immanuel Kant (April 22, 1724 – February 12, 1804) was a German philosopher and scientist (astrophysics, mathematics, geography, anthropology) from East Prussia, generally regarded as one of Western societys and modern Europes most influential thinkers and the last major philosopher of the Enlightenment. ...

This follows from our biology. The parts of life that Kant singled out in his work on Practical Reason are generally not well understood. How does the experience of work actually feel? What do we actually think when we work? Because of some sort of biological limitation when people deal with these aspects of life they tend to resort to using obscure and abstract metaphors and analogies to explain what they're talking about. Main articles: Life The most salient example of biological universality is that all living things share a common carbon-based biochemistry and in particular pass on their characteristics via genetic material, which is based on nucleic acids such as DNA and which uses a common genetic code with only minor...

This is where the difference between Anarchism and Anarchist Communism shows up most clearly: the Anarchist Communists have taken on these hard to explain aspects of life, have desired to understand them, and have integrated strategies for liberation involving these aspects of life into their overall point of view.

The catch with these aspects of life is that while mental liberation might be amazing, becoming aware of the collective substructure of life and society leads to deeper liberation than is commonly thought possible.

So in this respect the Anarchist Communists see themselves as pursuing a fuller definition of liberation than other anarchists.

Criticisms

Some of the early individualist anarchists believed that elements of Anarchist Communism were inconsistent with anarchist principles. Benjamin Tucker calls communist-anarchism "pseudo-anarchism." [1] However, many individualists of that time, such as Tucker and E. Armand, felt they had much in common with anarchist communism, or worked to propagate its ideas along with their own. In modern times almost all individualist anarchists believe that anarchist communism is a legitimate form of anarchism, though most still reject collective economics. In politics, individualist anarchism is a variety of anarchism that emphasises the importance of the individual. ... Benjamin Tucker (April 17, 1854 – June 22, 1939) was the leading proponent of American individualist anarchism in the 19th century. ...

Proudhon, whose philosophy had great influence on early anarcho-communists, nonetheless rejected communism himself: "Communism, as I have often complained, is the very denial of society in its foundation, which is the progressive equivalence of functions and capacities. The communists, toward whom all socialism tends, do not believe in equality by nature and education; they supply it by sovereign decrees which they cannot carry out, whatever they may do. Instead of seeking justice in the harmony of facts, they take it from their feelings, calling justice everything that seems to them to be love of one's neighbor, and incessantly confounding matters of reason with those of sentiment." Jump to: navigation, search Pierre-Joseph Proudhon et ses enfants, Gustave Courbet, 1865. ...

People

• Mikhail Bakunin
• Alexander Berkman
• Joseph Dejacque
• Emma Goldman
• Peter Kropotkin
• Nestor Makhno
• Errico Malatesta

Mikhail Alexandrovich Bakunin (Trolo) (Russian — Михаил Александрович Бакунин, Michel Bakunin — on the grave in Bern), (May 30, 1814–June 13, 1876) was a well known Russian anarchist. ... Alexander Berkman together with Emma Goldman in 1917 Alexander Berkman (21 November 1870 - 28 June 1936) was a Russian writer and activist who lived and worked for many years in the United States, where he was a leading member of the anarchist movement. ... Joseph Dejacque (b. ... Emma Goldman (June 27, 1869 – May 14, 1940) was a Lithuanian-born anarcho-communist known for her anarchist writings and speeches. ... Peter Kropotkin Prince Peter Alexeevich Kropotkin (In Russian Пётр Алексе́евич Кропо́ткин) (December 9, 1842 - February 8, 1921) was one of Russias foremost anarchists and one of the first advocates of what he called anarchist communism: the model of society he advocated for most of his life was that of a communalist society... Jump to: navigation, search This article needs to be cleaned up to conform to a higher standard of quality. ... Errico Malatesta Errico Malatesta (December 14, 1853 – July 22, 1932) was an anarchist with an unshakable belief, which he shared with his friend Peter Kropotkin, that the anarchist revolution would occur soon. ...

Books

• Federazione dei Comunisti Anarchici, Anarchist Communists: A Question Of Class, others
• Alexander Berkman, What is Anarchism?, Prison Memoirs of an Anarchist, others
• Mikhail Bakunin, God and the State, The Paris Commune and the Idea of the State, others
• Emma Goldman, Anarchism and Other Essays, Living My Life, others
• Peter Kropotkin, Mutual Aid, The Conquest of Bread, others

La Federazione dei Comunisti Anarchici (www. ... Alexander Berkman together with Emma Goldman in 1917 Alexander Berkman (21 November 1870 - 28 June 1936) was a Russian writer and activist who lived and worked for many years in the United States, where he was a leading member of the anarchist movement. ... Mikhail Alexandrovich Bakunin (Trolo) (Russian — Михаил Александрович Бакунин, Michel Bakunin — on the grave in Bern), (May 30, 1814–June 13, 1876) was a well known Russian anarchist. ... Emma Goldman (June 27, 1869 – May 14, 1940) was a Lithuanian-born anarcho-communist known for her anarchist writings and speeches. ... Peter Kropotkin Prince Peter Alexeevich Kropotkin (In Russian Пётр Алексе́евич Кропо́ткин) (December 9, 1842 - February 8, 1921) was one of Russias foremost anarchists and one of the first advocates of what he called anarchist communism: the model of society he advocated for most of his life was that of a communalist society... Mutual Aid: A Factor in Evolution (1902) was written by Peter Kropotkin while in exile in England. ... Cover of Elephant Editions reprint of Conquest Of Bread, 1985. ...

External links

• Anarchist Federation - anarchist communist organisation in Britain and Ireland
• Anarkismo.net - the international Anarchist Communist news and theory website
• libcom.org - the home of anarchism and libertarian communism in the UK
• Work - Community - Politics - War: An easy introduction to anti-political insurrectionist communism
• Federazione dei Comunisti Anarchici - (FdCA)
• North Eastern Federation of Anarcho-Communists - (NEFAC)
• Rebel Alliance Forums, also harbours a few communists and socialists.
• A Critique of Anarchist Communism by Ken Knudson A criticism from an individualist anarchist perspective
• The Schism Between Individualist and Communist Anarchism An essay by an anarcho-capitalist
• The Citizen's Commune
• Christianity and Communism