Communism

History of communism This article is about communism as a form of society and as a political movement. ... Image File history File links Hammer_and_sickle. ... This article is in need of attention from an expert on the subject. ... Schools of communism Marxism · Leninism Trotskyism · Maoism Left communism Council communism Anarchist communism Christian communism To meet Wikipedias quality standards, this article or section may require cleanup. ... Vladimir Lenin in 1920 Leninism is a political and economic theory which builds upon Marxism (the forerunner of Communism) and is a branch in its own right (it has been the dominant branch of Marxism in the world since the 1920s). ... Trotskyism is the theory of Marxism as advocated by Leon Trotsky. ... Maoism or Mao Zedong Thought (Chinese: 毛泽东思想, pinyin: Máo Zédōng SÄ«xiÇŽng), is a variant of Marxism-Leninism derived from the teachings of Mao Zedong (1893–1976). ... Left Communism is a term describing a whole range of communist viewpoints which oppose the political ideas of the Bolsheviks from a position which is asserted to be more authentically Marxist and proletarian than the views held by the Communist International after its first two Congresses. ... Council communism was a radical Left movement originating in Germany and the Netherlands in the 1920s. ... Anarchist communism, also known as Communist anarchism, Anarcho-communism, or Libertarian communism, is a political ideology related to Libertarian socialism. ... Christian communism is a form of religious communism centered around Christianity. ... Communist parties Communist International World Communist Movement International Communist Current Communist Workers International Fourth International In modern usage, a communist party is a political party which promotes communism, the sociopolitical philosophy based on Marxism. ... The first edition of Communist International, journal of the Comintern published in Moscow and Petrograd (now Saint Petersburg) in May 1919. ... To meet Wikipedias quality standards, this article or section may require cleanup. ... The International Communist Current is a centralised international left communist organisation with sections throughout the world. ... The Communist Workers International (German: Kommunistische Arbeiter-Internationale, KAI), also known as the Fourth International, was a council communist international. ... For the left communist Fourth International, see Communist Workers International. ... Communist states The Soviet Union People's Republic of China Cuba · Vietnam Laos · North Korea A Communist state is a term for a nation-state governed by a single political party which declares its allegiance to the principles of Marxism-Leninism. ... Related subjects Socialism Titoism Marxism-Leninism Eurocommunism Religious communism New Left Planned economy Historical materialism Anti-communism Socialism is an ideology of a social and economic system in which the means of production are collectively owned and administered by all of society. ... Titoism is a term describing political ideology named after Yugoslav leader, Josip Broz Tito, primarily used to describe the schism between the Soviet Union and Socialist Yugoslavia after the Second World War (see Cominform) when the Communist Party of Yugoslavia refused to take further dictates from Moscow. ... Vladimir Lenin in 1920 Leninism is a political and economic theory which builds upon Marxism; it is a branch of Marxism (and it has been the dominant branch of Marxism in the world since the 1920s). ... Eurocommunism was an attempt in the 1970s by various European communist parties to widen their appeal by embracing public sector middle-class workers, new social movements such as feminism and gay liberation, rejecting support of the Soviet Union, and expressing more clearly their fidelity to democratic institutions. ... Religious communism is a term used by some Communists that claim that before communism became associated with atheism, the word communism was mainly used by religious groups. ... The New Left is a term used in political discourse to refer to radical left-wing movements from the 1960s onwards. ... Tayler Smith, a famous philosopher takes the title of the mother of the centerally planned economy. ... Historical materialism (or what Marx himself called the materialist conception of history - materialistische Geschichtsauffassung) is a social theory and an approach to the study of history and sociology, normally considered the intellectual basis of Marxism. ... Anti-communism is the opposition to communist ideology, organization, or government, on either an ideological or pragmatic basis. ...

In communist political theory, "communize" is a verb meaning to abolish ownership of the means of production, which, in societies dominated by the capitalist mode of production, are "owned" by individual capitalists, states, or other collective institutions. In most versions of communist theory, communization is understood as the transfer of ownership from private capitalist hands to the collective hands of either the industrial working class or the people as a whole through the mediation of either a state or a federation of workers' councils, unions, or communes, and administered by representatives of either the industrial working class or the people as a whole. In other programs, such as those of left communists influenced by Amadeo Bordiga, autonomists influenced by Antonio Negri, and anarchists influenced by Peter Kropotkin, communization means not the transfer of ownership from private to collective hands but rather the abolition of property itself along with any state-like institutions claiming to represent a given subset of humanity. In these accounts, communization means that the multitude or humanity as a whole (with the exception of counter-revolutionaries, in the Bordigist account) would directly take over the tasks of planning production and distribution according to the principle of "from each according to ability, to each according to need," as experimented in the Paris Commune and other forms of communal societies, such as the Russian obshchina and the various forms of so-called primitive communism. Communism - Wikipedia /**/ @import /w/skins-1. ... A verb is a part of speech that usually denotes action (bring, read), occurrence (decompose, glitter), or a state of being (exist, stand). Depending on the language, a verb may vary in form according to many factors, possibly including its tense, aspect, mood and voice. ... Ownership is the state or fact of exclusive possession or control of property, which may be an object, land/real estate, intellectual property or some other kind of property. ... The means of production are physical, non-human, inputs used in production. ... In economics, a capitalist is someone who owns capital, presumably within the economic system of capitalism. ... In the writings of Karl Marx and the Marxist theory of historical materialism, a mode of production (in German: Produktionsweise, meaning the way of producing) is a specific combination of: productive forces: these include human labor-power, tools, equipment, buildings and technologies, materials, and improved land social and technical relations... Capitalism generally refers to in philosophy and politics, a social system based on the principle of individual rights, including property rights. ... The term state may refer to: a sovereign political entity, see state unitary state nation state a non-sovereign political entity, see state (non-sovereign). ... Look up private in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ... In economics, a capitalist is someone who owns capital, presumably within the economic system of capitalism. ... A state is an organized political community, occupying a territory, and possessing internal and external sovereignty, which successfully claims the monopoly of the use of force. ... A federation (from the Latin fÅ“dus, covenant) is a state comprised of a number of self-governing regions (often themselves referred to as states) united by a central (federal) government. ... A workers council is a council, or deliberative body, composed of working class or proletarian members. ... This is a disambiguation page — a navigational aid which lists other pages that might otherwise share the same title. ... A commune is a system of social and economic organization which involves the common ownership of resources and/or shared obligations. ... A legislature is a governmental deliberative body with the power to adopt laws. ... Left Communism is a term describing a whole range of communist viewpoints which oppose the political ideas of the Bolsheviks from a position which is asserted to be more authentically Marxist and proletarian than the views held by the Communist International after its first two Congresses. ... Amadeo Bordiga (1889 - 1970) was a prominent Italian communist. ... Antonio Negri (1933- ) is a moral and political philosopher from Italy. ... Anarchists can refer to several things, among which: The movie Anarchists Supporters of the principles of anarchism The Anarchists (Les Anarchistes), a famous song from Léo Ferré A List of anarchists This is a disambiguation page—a list of articles associated with the same title. ... Peter Kropotkin Prince Peter Alexeevich Kropotkin (In Russian Пётр Алексе́евич Кропо́ткин) (December 9, 1842 - February 8, 1921) was one of Russias foremost anarchists and one of the first advocates of what he called anarchist communism: the model of society he advocated for most of his life was that of a communalist society... Abolition is the act of formally destroying something through legal means, either by making it illegal, or simply no longer allowing it to exist in any form. ... // Use of the term The concept of property or ownership has no single or universally accepted definition. ... Multitude is a concept originated by political theorists Michael Hardt and Antonio Negri in the international best-seller Empire. ... The term Paris Commune originally referred to the government of Paris during the French Revolution. ... The Russian word mir (мир), besides its direct meanings of peace and world, had some other meanings related to social organization in Imperial Russia. ... Primitive communism, according to Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels, is the original society of humanity. ...

In response to liberalist critics such as Friedrich von Hayek, who argue that only a market in which property is defended by a state can adequately satisfy people's needs, communists point out that: Liberalism is a political current embracing several historical and present-day ideologies that claim defense of individual liberty as the purpose of government. ... Friedrich von Hayek Friedrich August von Hayek (May 8, 1899 in Vienna – March 23, 1992 in Freiburg) was an economist and social scientist of the Austrian School, noted for his defense of liberal democracy and free-market capitalism against a rising tide of socialist and collectivist thought in the mid... Street markets such as this one in Rue Mouffetard, Paris are still common in France. ... // Use of the term The concept of property or ownership has no single or universally accepted definition. ... A state is an organized political community, occupying a territory, and possessing internal and external sovereignty, which successfully claims the monopoly of the use of force. ...

• humans, like other animals, survived and in some cases thrived for millenia through communal production and distribution, even without modern technology;
• modern technology makes communal production and distribution much easier, even on a global scale;
• the market, far from satifying people's needs, has in fact functioned primarily as an ideological fiction covering up the state-supported violent capitalist expropriation of formerly communal resources, leaving people who formerly lived on those resources forced to sell themselves for a fraction of the wealth they produce (which is appropriated by capitalists as "profit"), a fraction usually insufficient to satisfy their needs - so the "labor market" is not really a market, but neither is the "market" of products, since capitalist firms maintain monopolies through state support (intellectuals property rights, etc.);
• according to Marxist analysis, the capitalist mode of production cannot avoid generating various forms of crisis, such as the Great Depression, and in fact, because capitalist accumulation has now saturated every corner of the globe, we have already entered a state of permanent crisis of which so-called terrorism and the so-called War on Terrorism are only two of the first symptoms; according to this theory, communization is the only way to avoid humanity's self-destruction through either ecological disaster or global civil war.

An ideology is a collection of ideas. ... In law, eminent domain is the power of the state to appropriate private property for its own use without the owners consent. ... Profit is a positive return made on an investment by an individual or by business operations. ... Labour economics seeks to understand the functioning of the market for labour. ... This article is about economic monopoly. ... Marxism is the political practice and social theory based on the works of Karl Marx, a 19th century philosopher, economist, journalist, and revolutionary, along with Friedrich Engels. ... Dorothea Langes Migrant Mother depicts destitute pea pickers in California, centering on Florence Owens Thompson, a mother of seven children, age twenty-nine, in Nipomo, California, March 1936. ... It has been suggested that Demographics of terrorism be merged into this article or section. ... The War on Terrorism or War on Terror (in U.S. foreign policy circles, Global War on Terrorism or GWOT; recently also Long War) is a controversial campaign by the United States government and some of its allies with the stated goal of ending international terrorism by stopping terrorist groups...

Further Reading

• The Eclipse and Re-emergence of the Communist Movement by Gilles Dauve and Francois Martin
• Communism is the Material Human Community by Loren Goldner
• Multitude: War and Democracy in the Age of Empire by Michael Hardt and Antonio Negri
• The Conquest of Bread by Peter Kropotkin
• Manifesto of the Communist Party by Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels
• The Civil War in France by Karl Marx
• Marx and Engels on Political Economy