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Encyclopedia > Comparative genomic hybridization

Comparative genomic hybridization (CGH) is a molecular-cytogenetic method for the analysis of regional changes in the DNA content of tumor cells. The method is based on the hybridization of fluorescently labeled tumor and normal DNA to normal human metaphase preparations. Using epiflourescence microscopy and quantitative image analysis, regional differences in the fluorescence ratio of tumor vs. control DNA can be detected and used for identifying abnormal regions in the tumor cell genome.


DNA from tumor tissue and from normal control tissue (reference) is labeled with different colors. After mixing tumor and reference DNA, the mix is hybridized to normal metaphase chromosomes or, for array- or matrix-CGH, to a slide containing hundreds or thousands of defined DNA probes. The (fluorescence) color ratio along the chromosomes is the used to evaluate regions of DNA gain or loss in the tumor sample.

See also : Oncogene -- Tumor suppressor gene -- Carcinoma -- Sarcoma -- Lymphoma -- Leukemia

External links

  • Progenetix database (http://www.progenetix.net): A large collection of CGH data from publications.

  Results from FactBites:
 
Biopharmaceutical glossaries & terminology (5904 words)
Comparative genome mapping in the sequence- based era: early experience with human chromosome 7, JW Thomas et.
A genome map in which STSs are positioned relative to one another on the basis of the frequency with which they are separated by radiation-induced breaks.
In their paper, the International Human Genome Mapping Consortium describe how they constructed the first whole- genome physical map, how they created the templates from which the genome was sequenced and demonstrated how the map was essential for the accurate assembly of the human genome by the publicly funded effort.
Comparative genomic hybridization - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia (433 words)
Comparative genomic hybridization (CGH) is a molecular-cytogenetic method for the analysis of copy number changes (gains /losses) in the DNA content of tumor cells.
The method is based on the hybridization of fluorescently labeled tumor (frequently Fluorescein - FITC) and normal DNA (frequently Rhodamine or Texas Red) to normal human metaphase preparations.
CGH is capable of detecting loss, gain and amplification of the copy number at the levels of chromosomes.
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