The following tables compare general and technical information for a number of relational database management systems. Please see the individual products' articles for further information. This article is not all-inclusive or necessarily up-to-date. Unless otherwise specified in footnotes, comparisons are based on the stable versions without any add-ons, extensions or external programs. A relational database management system (RDBMS) is a database management system (DBMS) that is based on the relational model as introduced by E. F. Codd. ...

General information

A software license is a legal agreement which may take the form of a proprietary or gratuitous license as well as a memorandum of contract between a producer and a user of computer software. ... 4th Dimension (or 4D) is a relational database management system and integrated IDE developed by Laurent Ribardière in 1984. ... It has been suggested that closed source be merged into this article or section. ... Adabas is Software AG’s advanced database management system. ... Software AG is a German software company, best known for its Adabas database management system and Natural application development language. ... Adaptive Server Enterprise (ASE) is Sybase Corporations flagship relational database management system product. ... Sybase Inc. ... It has been suggested that closed source be merged into this article or section. ... Apache Derby is a Java-based Relational Database Management System that can be embedded in Java programs and used for online transaction processing (OLTP). ... Apache Software Foundation Logo The Apache Software Foundation (ASF) is a non-profit corporation (classified as 501(c)(3) in the United States) to support Apache software projects, including the Apache HTTP Server. ... The Apache License (Apache Software License previous to version 2. ... DB2 is one of IBMs lines of relational database management system (or, as IBM now calls it, data server) software products within IBMs broader Information Management Software line. ... For other uses, see IBM (disambiguation) and Big Blue. ... It has been suggested that closed source be merged into this article or section. ... It has been suggested that closed source be merged into this article or section. ... It has been suggested that closed source be merged into this article or section. ... Firebird (sometimes called FirebirdSQL) is a relational database management system offering many ANSI SQL-2003 features. ... is the 206th day of the year (207th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2000 (MM) was a leap year starting on Saturday (link will display full 2000 Gregorian calendar). ... Informix is a family of relational database management system products from IBM, acquired in 2001 from a company (also called Informix or Informix Software) which dates its origins back to 1980. ... For other uses, see IBM (disambiguation) and Big Blue. ... It has been suggested that closed source be merged into this article or section. ... HSQL Database Manager HSQLDB is a relational database management system written in Java. ... BSD redirects here; for other uses see BSD (disambiguation). ... H2 is a relational database management system written in Java. ... The term Freeware refers to gratis proprietary software with closed source. ... Ingres (pronounced ingress) is a commercially supported, open-source relational database management system. ... Ingres (pronounced ingress) is a commercially supported, open-source relational database management system. ... The GNU logo The GNU General Public License (GNU GPL or simply GPL) is a widely-used free software license, originally written by Richard Stallman for the GNU project. ... It has been suggested that closed source be merged into this article or section. ... InterBase is a relational database management system (RDBMS) currently developed and marketed by CodeGear. ... CodeGear is a wholly-owned division of Borland Software Corporation, which develops software development tools such as the Delphi IDE and programming language and the influential database server InterBase. ... It has been suggested that closed source be merged into this article or section. ... MaxDB is an ANSI SQL-92 (entry level) compliant relational database management system (RDBMS) from SAP AG, which was delivered also by MySQL AB from 2003 to 2007. ... MySQL AB (founded 1995) is dual headquartered in Uppsala, Sweden and Cupertino, California, USA. The company is the creator and owner of MySQL, a relational database management system. ... SAP AG (ISIN: DE0007164600, FWB: SAP, NYSE: SAP) is the largest European software enterprise and the third largest in the world, with headquarters in Walldorf, Germany. ... The GNU logo The GNU General Public License (GNU GPL or simply GPL) is a widely-used free software license, originally written by Richard Stallman for the GNU project. ... It has been suggested that closed source be merged into this article or section. ... Microsoft Office Access, previously known as Microsoft Access, is a relational database management system from Microsoft which combines the relational Microsoft Jet Database Engine with a graphical user interface and software development tools. ... Microsoft Corporation, (NASDAQ: MSFT, HKSE: 4338) is a multinational computer technology corporation with global annual revenue of US$44. ... It has been suggested that closed source be merged into this article or section. ... Microsoft Corporation, (NASDAQ: MSFT, HKSE: 4338) is a multinational computer technology corporation with global annual revenue of US$44. ... It has been suggested that closed source be merged into this article or section. ... Microsoft SQL Server is a relational database management system (RDBMS) produced by Microsoft. ... Microsoft Corporation, (NASDAQ: MSFT, HKSE: 4338) is a multinational computer technology corporation with global annual revenue of US$44. ... It has been suggested that closed source be merged into this article or section. ... MonetDB is an open source high-performance database management system developed at the National Research Institute for Mathematics and Computer Science (CWI; Centrum voor Wiskunde en Informatica) in the Netherlands. ... MySQL (pronounced (IPA) , my S-Q-L[1]) is a multithreaded, multi-user SQL database management system (DBMS)[2] which has, according to MySQL AB, more than 10 million installations. ... MySQL AB (founded 1995) is dual headquartered in Uppsala, Sweden and Cupertino, California, USA. The company is the creator and owner of MySQL, a relational database management system. ... The GNU logo The GNU General Public License (GNU GPL or simply GPL) is a widely-used free software license, originally written by Richard Stallman for the GNU project. ... It has been suggested that closed source be merged into this article or section. ... NonStop SQL is a relational database product originally produced at Tandem Computers using the pioneering Ingres source code from University of California, Berkeley. ... The Hewlett-Packard Company (NYSE: HPQ), commonly known as HP, is a very large, global company headquartered in Palo Alto, California, United States. ... It has been suggested that closed source be merged into this article or section. ... The term Oracle database may refer either to the database management system (DBMS) software released by Oracle Corporation as Oracle RDBMS, or to any of the individual databases managed by such software. ... Oracle Corporation (NASDAQ: ORCL) is one of the major companies developing database management systems (DBMS), tools for database development, middle-tier software, enterprise resource planning software (ERP), customer relationship management software (CRM) and supply chain management (SCM) software. ... It has been suggested that closed source be merged into this article or section. ... Rdb/VMS is a relational database management system (RDBMS) for the Hewlett-Packard OpenVMS operating system. ... Oracle Corporation (NASDAQ: ORCL) is one of the major companies developing database management systems (DBMS), tools for database development, middle-tier software, enterprise resource planning software (ERP), customer relationship management software (CRM) and supply chain management (SCM) software. ... It has been suggested that closed source be merged into this article or section. ... The Openedge Database is a relational database (with some growing Object capabilities). ... Progress Software Corporation developed the Progress 4GL language in the early 1980s. ... It has been suggested that closed source be merged into this article or section. ... The current version of the article or section reads like an advertisement. ... The GNU logo The GNU General Public License (GNU GPL or simply GPL) is a widely-used free software license, originally written by Richard Stallman for the GNU project. ... It has been suggested that closed source be merged into this article or section. ... Pervasive PSQL is Pervasive Softwares relational database (RDBMS) product. ... Pervasive Software is a maker of data infrastructure software. ... It has been suggested that closed source be merged into this article or section. ... PostgreSQL is a free software object-relational database management system (ORDBMS), released under a BSD-style license. ... The BSD license is a permissive license and is one of the most widely used free software licenses. ... The University of Paisley operates across three campus sites in the west and south-west of Scotland: Paisley, Ayr and Dumfries. ... It has been suggested that closed source be merged into this article or section. ... The SmallSQL Database is a 100% pure Java DBMS for desktop applications. ... The SmallSQL Database is a 100% pure Java DBMS for desktop applications. ... is the 106th day of the year (107th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2005 (MMV) was a common year starting on Saturday (link displays full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... GNU logo The GNU Lesser General Public License (formerly the GNU Library General Public License) is an FSF approved Free Software license designed as a compromise between the GNU General Public License and simple permissive licenses such as the BSD license and the MIT License. ... Sybase Adaptive Server Anywhere Features Zero-admistration full-featured relational DBMS. Targeted to small and medium size business (suggested concurrent users below 100, suggested database size below 4GB). ... Sybase Inc. ... It has been suggested that closed source be merged into this article or section. ... SQLite is an ACID-compliant relational database management system contained in a relatively small C programming library. ... This article or section does not cite any references or sources. ... is the 229th day of the year (230th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2000 (MM) was a leap year starting on Saturday (link will display full 2000 Gregorian calendar). ... The public domain comprises the body of all creative works and other knowledge—writing, artwork, music, science, inventions, and others—in which no person or organization has any proprietary interest. ... Teradata Teradata is a software company, founded in 1979, that develops and sells a relational database management system with the same name. ... Teradata Teradata is a software company, founded in 1979, that develops and sells a relational database management system with the same name. ... It has been suggested that closed source be merged into this article or section. ... Valentina is object-relational DBMS that makes it easy to switch between a local embedded database and server using the same sources. ... Paradigma Software is the developer of database-related products for business and developers based on its original database technology Valentina. ... It has been suggested that closed source be merged into this article or section. ...

Operating system support

The operating systems the RDBMSes can run on. An operating system (OS) is the software that manages the sharing of the resources of a computer and provides programmers with an interface used to access those resources. ...

Note (1): Open source databases listed as UNIX-compatible will likely compile and run under z/OS's built-in UNIX System Services (USS) subsystem. Most databases listed as Linux-compatible can run alongside z/OS on the same server using Linux on zSeries. “Windows” redirects here. ... Mac OS X (IPA: ) is a line of graphical operating systems developed, marketed, and sold by Apple Inc. ... This article is about operating systems that use the Linux kernel. ... BSD redirects here; for other uses see BSD (disambiguation). ... Filiation of Unix and Unix-like systems Unix (officially trademarked as UNIX®, sometimes also written as or ® with small caps) is a computer operating system originally developed in 1969 by a group of AT&T employees at Bell Labs including Ken Thompson, Dennis Ritchie and Douglas McIlroy. ... z/OS Welcome Screen seen through a terminal emulator The title of this article begins with a capital letter due to technical limitations. ... 4th Dimension (or 4D) is a relational database management system and integrated IDE developed by Laurent Ribardière in 1984. ... Adabas is Software AG’s advanced database management system. ... Adaptive Server Enterprise (ASE) is Sybase Corporations flagship relational database management system product. ... Apache Derby is a Java-based Relational Database Management System that can be embedded in Java programs and used for online transaction processing (OLTP). ... DB2 is one of IBMs lines of relational database management system (or, as IBM now calls it, data server) software products within IBMs broader Information Management Software line. ... Firebird (sometimes called FirebirdSQL) is a relational database management system offering many ANSI SQL-2003 features. ... HSQL Database Manager HSQLDB is a relational database management system written in Java. ... H2 is a relational database management system written in Java. ... Informix is a family of relational database management system products from IBM, acquired in 2001 from a company (also called Informix or Informix Software) which dates its origins back to 1980. ... Ingres (pronounced ingress) is a commercially supported, open-source relational database management system. ... InterBase is a relational database management system (RDBMS) currently developed and marketed by CodeGear. ... Solaris is a computer operating system developed by Sun Microsystems. ... MaxDB is an ANSI SQL-92 (entry level) compliant relational database management system (RDBMS) from SAP AG, which was delivered also by MySQL AB from 2003 to 2007. ... Microsoft Office Access, previously known as Microsoft Access, is a relational database management system from Microsoft which combines the relational Microsoft Jet Database Engine with a graphical user interface and software development tools. ... Microsoft SQL Server is a relational database management system (RDBMS) produced by Microsoft. ... MonetDB is an open source high-performance database management system developed at the National Research Institute for Mathematics and Computer Science (CWI; Centrum voor Wiskunde en Informatica) in the Netherlands. ... MySQL (pronounced (IPA) , my S-Q-L[1]) is a multithreaded, multi-user SQL database management system (DBMS)[2] which has, according to MySQL AB, more than 10 million installations. ... The term Oracle database may refer either to the database management system (DBMS) software released by Oracle Corporation as Oracle RDBMS, or to any of the individual databases managed by such software. ... The current version of the article or section reads like an advertisement. ... PostgreSQL is a free software object-relational database management system (ORDBMS), released under a BSD-style license. ... The SmallSQL Database is a 100% pure Java DBMS for desktop applications. ... SQL Anywhere is an RDBMS product from iAnywhere Solutions. ... SQLite is an ACID-compliant relational database management system contained in a relatively small C programming library. ... Teradata Teradata is a software company, founded in 1979, that develops and sells a relational database management system with the same name. ... Valentina is object-relational DBMS that makes it easy to switch between a local embedded database and server using the same sources. ... Linux on zSeries (or Linux on System z9) is the preferred collective term for the Linux operating system and GNU/Linux software compiled to run on IBM mainframes, especially zSeries servers. ...

Note (2): The database availability depends on Java Virtual Machine not on the operating system A Java virtual machine or JVM is a virtual machine that runs Java byte code. ... An operating system (OS) is the software that manages the sharing of the resources of a computer and provides programmers with an interface used to access those resources. ...

Fundamental features

Information about what fundamental RDBMS features are implemented natively.

Note (3): For transactions and referential integrity, the InnoDB table type must be used; Windows installer sets this as default if support for transactions is selected, on other operating systems the default table type is MyISAM. However, even the InnoDB table type permits storage of values that exceed the data range; some view this as violating the Integrity constraint of ACID. For other uses, see Acid (disambiguation). ... An example of a database that has not enforced referential integrity. ... A database transaction is a unit of interaction with a database management system or similar system that is treated in a coherent and reliable way independent of other transactions. ... The Unicode Standard, Version 5. ... 4th Dimension (or 4D) is a relational database management system and integrated IDE developed by Laurent Ribardière in 1984. ... Adabas is Software AG’s advanced database management system. ... Adaptive Server Enterprise (ASE) is Sybase Corporations flagship relational database management system product. ... Apache Derby is a Java-based Relational Database Management System that can be embedded in Java programs and used for online transaction processing (OLTP). ... DB2 is one of IBMs lines of relational database management system (or, as IBM now calls it, data server) software products within IBMs broader Information Management Software line. ... Firebird (sometimes called FirebirdSQL) is a relational database management system offering many ANSI SQL-2003 features. ... HSQL Database Manager HSQLDB is a relational database management system written in Java. ... H2 is a relational database management system written in Java. ... Informix is a family of relational database management system products from IBM, acquired in 2001 from a company (also called Informix or Informix Software) which dates its origins back to 1980. ... Ingres (pronounced ingress) is a commercially supported, open-source relational database management system. ... InterBase is a relational database management system (RDBMS) currently developed and marketed by CodeGear. ... MaxDB is an ANSI SQL-92 (entry level) compliant relational database management system (RDBMS) from SAP AG, which was delivered also by MySQL AB from 2003 to 2007. ... Microsoft Office Access, previously known as Microsoft Access, is a relational database management system from Microsoft which combines the relational Microsoft Jet Database Engine with a graphical user interface and software development tools. ... Microsoft SQL Server is a relational database management system (RDBMS) produced by Microsoft. ... MonetDB is an open source high-performance database management system developed at the National Research Institute for Mathematics and Computer Science (CWI; Centrum voor Wiskunde en Informatica) in the Netherlands. ... MySQL (pronounced (IPA) , my S-Q-L[1]) is a multithreaded, multi-user SQL database management system (DBMS)[2] which has, according to MySQL AB, more than 10 million installations. ... The term Oracle database may refer either to the database management system (DBMS) software released by Oracle Corporation as Oracle RDBMS, or to any of the individual databases managed by such software. ... The current version of the article or section reads like an advertisement. ... PostgreSQL is a free software object-relational database management system (ORDBMS), released under a BSD-style license. ... SQL Anywhere is an RDBMS product from iAnywhere Solutions. ... SQLite is an ACID-compliant relational database management system contained in a relatively small C programming library. ... Teradata Teradata is a software company, founded in 1979, that develops and sells a relational database management system with the same name. ... Valentina is object-relational DBMS that makes it easy to switch between a local embedded database and server using the same sources. ... InnoDB is a storage engine for MySQL, included as standard in all current binaries distributed by MySQL AB. Its main enhancement over other storage engines available for use with MySQL is ACID-compliant transaction support. ... InnoDB is a storage engine for MySQL, included as standard in all current binaries distributed by MySQL AB. Its main enhancement over other storage engines available for use with MySQL is ACID-compliant transaction support. ...

Note (4): FOREIGN KEY constraints are parsed but are not enforced. Triggers can be used instead. Nested transactions are not supported. [1]

Note (5): Available via Triggers.

Limits

Information about data size limits.

DB2® is IBMs family of information management software products. ... Microsoft Office Access, previously known as Microsoft Access, is a relational database management system from Microsoft which combines the relational Microsoft Jet Database Engine with a graphical user interface and software development tools. ... Microsoft SQL Server is a relational database management system (RDBMS) produced by Microsoft. ... Consulting the Oracle by John William Waterhouse, showing eight priestesses in a temple of prophecy An oracle is a person or persons considered to be the source of wise counsel or prophetic opinion; an infallible authority, usually spiritual in nature. ... PostgreSQL is a free software object-relational database management system (ORDBMS), released under a BSD-style license. ...

Tables and views

Information about what tables and views (other than basic ones) are supported natively. In relational databases, SQL databases, and flat file databases, a table is a set of data elements (values) that is organized using a model of horizontal rows and vertical columns. ... In database theory, a view is a virtual or logical table composed of the result set of a query. ...

Note (5): Server provides tempdb, which can be used for public and private (for the session) temp tables.[2] A view is a virtual table representing the result of a database query. ... 4th Dimension (or 4D) is a relational database management system and integrated IDE developed by Laurent Ribardière in 1984. ... Adabas is Software AG’s advanced database management system. ... Adaptive Server Enterprise (ASE) is Sybase Corporations flagship relational database management system product. ... Apache Derby is a Java-based Relational Database Management System that can be embedded in Java programs and used for online transaction processing (OLTP). ... DB2 is one of IBMs lines of relational database management system (or, as IBM now calls it, data server) software products within IBMs broader Information Management Software line. ... Firebird (sometimes called FirebirdSQL) is a relational database management system offering many ANSI SQL-2003 features. ... HSQL Database Manager HSQLDB is a relational database management system written in Java. ... H2 is a relational database management system written in Java. ... Informix is a family of relational database management system products from IBM, acquired in 2001 from a company (also called Informix or Informix Software) which dates its origins back to 1980. ... Ingres (pronounced ingress) is a commercially supported, open-source relational database management system. ... InterBase is a relational database management system (RDBMS) currently developed and marketed by CodeGear. ... MaxDB is an ANSI SQL-92 (entry level) compliant relational database management system (RDBMS) from SAP AG, which was delivered also by MySQL AB from 2003 to 2007. ... Microsoft SQL Server is a relational database management system (RDBMS) produced by Microsoft. ... MonetDB is an open source high-performance database management system developed at the National Research Institute for Mathematics and Computer Science (CWI; Centrum voor Wiskunde en Informatica) in the Netherlands. ... MySQL (pronounced (IPA) , my S-Q-L[1]) is a multithreaded, multi-user SQL database management system (DBMS)[2] which has, according to MySQL AB, more than 10 million installations. ... The term Oracle database may refer either to the database management system (DBMS) software released by Oracle Corporation as Oracle RDBMS, or to any of the individual databases managed by such software. ... The current version of the article or section reads like an advertisement. ... PostgreSQL is a free software object-relational database management system (ORDBMS), released under a BSD-style license. ... SQL Anywhere is an RDBMS product from iAnywhere Solutions. ... SQLite is an ACID-compliant relational database management system contained in a relatively small C programming library. ... Teradata Teradata is a software company, founded in 1979, that develops and sells a relational database management system with the same name. ... Valentina is object-relational DBMS that makes it easy to switch between a local embedded database and server using the same sources. ...

Note (6): Materialized views can be emulated using stored procedures and triggers.[3].

Note (7): Materialized views can be emulated with stored procedures and triggers using PL/pgSQL, PL/Perl, PL/Python, or other procedural languages.[4]. PL/pgSQL (Procedural Language/PostgreSQL Structured Query Language) is a procedural language built into the PostgreSQL RDBMS. It closely resembles Oracles PL/SQL language. ... PL/Perl (Procedural Language/Perl) is a procedural language supported by the PostgreSQL RDBMS. PL/Perl, as a true programming language, allows much more control than basic SQL, including the ability to use loops, advanced control structures, and quite sophisticated text manipulation. ...

Indices

Information about what indices (other than basic B-/B+ tree indices) are supported natively. A database index is a data structure that improves the speed of operations in a table. ... B-trees are tree data structures that are most commonly found in databases and filesystem implementations. ... A simple B+ tree example linking the keys 1-7 to data values d1-d7. ...

Note (8): Can be implemented by indexing a computed column or by using an indexed view. [5] This article is about an R-tree data structure. ... To meet Wikipedias quality standards, this article or section may require cleanup. ... A hash function is a reproducible method of turning some kind of data into a (relatively) small number that may serve as a digital fingerprint of the data. ... An expression in a programming language is a combination of values and functions or procedures, interpreted according to the particular rules of precedence and of association for a particular programming language, which computes and then returns another value. ... A partial index is a database index which has some condition applied to it such that it only includes a portion of the rows in the table. ... This is a database index that uses the reversal of the key values rather than the values themselves. ... A bitmap index is a special kind of index that stores the bulk of its data as bit arrays (commonly called bitmaps) and answers most queries by performing bitwise logical operations on these bitmaps. ... In computing, GiST or Generalized Search Tree, is a data structure and API which can be used to build almost any kind of search tree on almost any kind of data. ... 4th Dimension (or 4D) is a relational database management system and integrated IDE developed by Laurent Ribardière in 1984. ... Adabas is Software AG’s advanced database management system. ... Adaptive Server Enterprise (ASE) is Sybase Corporations flagship relational database management system product. ... Apache Derby is a Java-based Relational Database Management System that can be embedded in Java programs and used for online transaction processing (OLTP). ... DB2 is one of IBMs lines of relational database management system (or, as IBM now calls it, data server) software products within IBMs broader Information Management Software line. ... Firebird (sometimes called FirebirdSQL) is a relational database management system offering many ANSI SQL-2003 features. ... HSQL Database Manager HSQLDB is a relational database management system written in Java. ... H2 is a relational database management system written in Java. ... Informix is a family of relational database management system products from IBM, acquired in 2001 from a company (also called Informix or Informix Software) which dates its origins back to 1980. ... Ingres (pronounced ingress) is a commercially supported, open-source relational database management system. ... InterBase is a relational database management system (RDBMS) currently developed and marketed by CodeGear. ... MaxDB is an ANSI SQL-92 (entry level) compliant relational database management system (RDBMS) from SAP AG, which was delivered also by MySQL AB from 2003 to 2007. ... Microsoft SQL Server is a relational database management system (RDBMS) produced by Microsoft. ... MonetDB is an open source high-performance database management system developed at the National Research Institute for Mathematics and Computer Science (CWI; Centrum voor Wiskunde en Informatica) in the Netherlands. ... MySQL (pronounced (IPA) , my S-Q-L[1]) is a multithreaded, multi-user SQL database management system (DBMS)[2] which has, according to MySQL AB, more than 10 million installations. ... The term Oracle database may refer either to the database management system (DBMS) software released by Oracle Corporation as Oracle RDBMS, or to any of the individual databases managed by such software. ... The current version of the article or section reads like an advertisement. ... PostgreSQL is a free software object-relational database management system (ORDBMS), released under a BSD-style license. ... SQL Anywhere is an RDBMS product from iAnywhere Solutions. ... SQLite is an ACID-compliant relational database management system contained in a relatively small C programming library. ... Teradata Teradata is a software company, founded in 1979, that develops and sells a relational database management system with the same name. ... Valentina is object-relational DBMS that makes it easy to switch between a local embedded database and server using the same sources. ...

Note (9): Can be implemented by using an indexed view. [6]

Note (17): InnoDB automatically generates adaptive hash index entries as needed.

Note (10): A PostgreSQL functional index can be used to reverse the order of a field.

Note (11): PostgreSQL will likely support on-disk bitmap indexes in 8.3. Version 8.2 supports a related technique known as "in-memory bitmap scans".

Note (15): Can be implemented using Function-based Indexes in Oracle 8i and higher.

Note (16): The users need to use a function from freeAdhocUDF library or similar. [7]

Note (17): Can be implemented using Function-based Indexes in Valentina.

Note (18): Can be implemented for most data types using expression-based indexes.

Database capabilities

// In SQL the UNION operator combines the results of two SQL queries into a single table of all matching rows. ... A JOIN clause in SQL combines records from two tables in a relational database and results in a new (temporary) table, also called a joined table. Structured Query Language (SQL:2003) specifies two types of joins: inner and outer. ... A JOIN clause in SQL combines records from two tables in a relational database and results in a new (temporary) table, also called a joined table. Structured Query Language (SQL:2003) specifies two types of joins: inner and outer. ... A JOIN clause in SQL combines records from two tables in a relational database and results in a new (temporary) table, also called a joined table. Structured Query Language (SQL:2003) specifies two types of joins: inner and outer. ... A blob is a collection of binary data stored as a single entity in a database management system. ... A Character Large Object (or CLOB) is a collection of character data stored as a single entity in a database management system. ... 4th Dimension (or 4D) is a relational database management system and integrated IDE developed by Laurent Ribardière in 1984. ... Adabas is Software AG’s advanced database management system. ... Adaptive Server Enterprise (ASE) is Sybase Corporations flagship relational database management system product. ... Apache Derby is a Java-based Relational Database Management System that can be embedded in Java programs and used for online transaction processing (OLTP). ... DB2 is one of IBMs lines of relational database management system (or, as IBM now calls it, data server) software products within IBMs broader Information Management Software line. ... Firebird (sometimes called FirebirdSQL) is a relational database management system offering many ANSI SQL-2003 features. ... HSQL Database Manager HSQLDB is a relational database management system written in Java. ... H2 is a relational database management system written in Java. ... Informix is a family of relational database management system products from IBM, acquired in 2001 from a company (also called Informix or Informix Software) which dates its origins back to 1980. ... Ingres (pronounced ingress) is a commercially supported, open-source relational database management system. ... InterBase is a relational database management system (RDBMS) currently developed and marketed by CodeGear. ... MaxDB is an ANSI SQL-92 (entry level) compliant relational database management system (RDBMS) from SAP AG, which was delivered also by MySQL AB from 2003 to 2007. ... Microsoft SQL Server is a relational database management system (RDBMS) produced by Microsoft. ... MonetDB is an open source high-performance database management system developed at the National Research Institute for Mathematics and Computer Science (CWI; Centrum voor Wiskunde en Informatica) in the Netherlands. ... MySQL (pronounced (IPA) , my S-Q-L[1]) is a multithreaded, multi-user SQL database management system (DBMS)[2] which has, according to MySQL AB, more than 10 million installations. ... The term Oracle database may refer either to the database management system (DBMS) software released by Oracle Corporation as Oracle RDBMS, or to any of the individual databases managed by such software. ... The current version of the article or section reads like an advertisement. ... PostgreSQL is a free software object-relational database management system (ORDBMS), released under a BSD-style license. ... The SmallSQL Database is a 100% pure Java DBMS for desktop applications. ... SQL Anywhere is an RDBMS product from iAnywhere Solutions. ... SQLite is an ACID-compliant relational database management system contained in a relatively small C programming library. ... Teradata Teradata is a software company, founded in 1979, that develops and sells a relational database management system with the same name. ... Valentina is object-relational DBMS that makes it easy to switch between a local embedded database and server using the same sources. ...

Other objects

Information about what other objects are supported natively.

Note (12): Both function and procedure refer to internal routines written in SQL and/or procedural language like PL/SQL. External routine refers to the one written in the host languages, such as C, Java, Cobol, etc. "Stored procedure" is a commonly used term for these routine types. However, its definition varies between different database vendors.
Note (13): In Derby, users code functions and procedures in Java. In data management and database analysis, a data domain refers to all the unique values which a data element may contain. ... In database packages, the term cursor refers to a control structure for the successive traversal (and potential processing) of records in a result set as returned by a query. ... A database trigger is procedural code that is automatically executed in response to certain events on a particular table in a database. ... In computer science, a subroutine (function, procedure, or subprogram) is a sequence of code which performs a specific task, as part of a larger program, and is grouped as one, or more, statement blocks; such code is sometimes collected into software libraries. ... Look up Procedure in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ... 4th Dimension (or 4D) is a relational database management system and integrated IDE developed by Laurent Ribardière in 1984. ... Adabas is Software AG’s advanced database management system. ... Adaptive Server Enterprise (ASE) is Sybase Corporations flagship relational database management system product. ... Apache Derby is a Java-based Relational Database Management System that can be embedded in Java programs and used for online transaction processing (OLTP). ... DB2 is one of IBMs lines of relational database management system (or, as IBM now calls it, data server) software products within IBMs broader Information Management Software line. ... Firebird (sometimes called FirebirdSQL) is a relational database management system offering many ANSI SQL-2003 features. ... HSQL Database Manager HSQLDB is a relational database management system written in Java. ... H2 is a relational database management system written in Java. ... Informix is a family of relational database management system products from IBM, acquired in 2001 from a company (also called Informix or Informix Software) which dates its origins back to 1980. ... Ingres (pronounced ingress) is a commercially supported, open-source relational database management system. ... InterBase is a relational database management system (RDBMS) currently developed and marketed by CodeGear. ... MaxDB is an ANSI SQL-92 (entry level) compliant relational database management system (RDBMS) from SAP AG, which was delivered also by MySQL AB from 2003 to 2007. ... Microsoft SQL Server is a relational database management system (RDBMS) produced by Microsoft. ... MonetDB is an open source high-performance database management system developed at the National Research Institute for Mathematics and Computer Science (CWI; Centrum voor Wiskunde en Informatica) in the Netherlands. ... MySQL (pronounced (IPA) , my S-Q-L[1]) is a multithreaded, multi-user SQL database management system (DBMS)[2] which has, according to MySQL AB, more than 10 million installations. ... The term Oracle database may refer either to the database management system (DBMS) software released by Oracle Corporation as Oracle RDBMS, or to any of the individual databases managed by such software. ... The current version of the article or section reads like an advertisement. ... PostgreSQL is a free software object-relational database management system (ORDBMS), released under a BSD-style license. ... SQL Anywhere is an RDBMS product from iAnywhere Solutions. ... SQLite is an ACID-compliant relational database management system contained in a relatively small C programming library. ... Teradata Teradata is a software company, founded in 1979, that develops and sells a relational database management system with the same name. ... Valentina is object-relational DBMS that makes it easy to switch between a local embedded database and server using the same sources. ...

Partitioning

Information about what partitioning methods are supported natively. A partition is a division of a logical database or its constituting elements into distinct independent parts. ...

Note (14): PostgreSQL 8.1 provides partitioning support through check constraints. Range, List and Hash methods can be emulated with PL/pgSQL or other procedural languages. [8] 4th Dimension (or 4D) is a relational database management system and integrated IDE developed by Laurent Ribardière in 1984. ... Adabas is Software AG’s advanced database management system. ... Adaptive Server Enterprise (ASE) is Sybase Corporations flagship relational database management system product. ... Apache Derby is a Java-based Relational Database Management System that can be embedded in Java programs and used for online transaction processing (OLTP). ... DB2 is one of IBMs lines of relational database management system (or, as IBM now calls it, data server) software products within IBMs broader Information Management Software line. ... Firebird (sometimes called FirebirdSQL) is a relational database management system offering many ANSI SQL-2003 features. ... HSQL Database Manager HSQLDB is a relational database management system written in Java. ... Informix is a family of relational database management system products from IBM, acquired in 2001 from a company (also called Informix or Informix Software) which dates its origins back to 1980. ... Ingres (pronounced ingress) is a commercially supported, open-source relational database management system. ... InterBase is a relational database management system (RDBMS) currently developed and marketed by CodeGear. ... MaxDB is an ANSI SQL-92 (entry level) compliant relational database management system (RDBMS) from SAP AG, which was delivered also by MySQL AB from 2003 to 2007. ... Microsoft SQL Server is a relational database management system (RDBMS) produced by Microsoft. ... MonetDB is an open source high-performance database management system developed at the National Research Institute for Mathematics and Computer Science (CWI; Centrum voor Wiskunde en Informatica) in the Netherlands. ... MySQL (pronounced (IPA) , my S-Q-L[1]) is a multithreaded, multi-user SQL database management system (DBMS)[2] which has, according to MySQL AB, more than 10 million installations. ... The term Oracle database may refer either to the database management system (DBMS) software released by Oracle Corporation as Oracle RDBMS, or to any of the individual databases managed by such software. ... The current version of the article or section reads like an advertisement. ... PostgreSQL is a free software object-relational database management system (ORDBMS), released under a BSD-style license. ... SQL Anywhere is an RDBMS product from iAnywhere Solutions. ... SQLite is an ACID-compliant relational database management system contained in a relatively small C programming library. ... Teradata Teradata is a software company, founded in 1979, that develops and sells a relational database management system with the same name. ... Valentina is object-relational DBMS that makes it easy to switch between a local embedded database and server using the same sources. ... PL/pgSQL (Procedural Language/PostgreSQL Structured Query Language) is a procedural language built into the PostgreSQL RDBMS. It closely resembles Oracles PL/SQL language. ...

Databases vs Schemas (terminology)

The SQL specification makes clear what an "SQL schema" is; however, different databases implement it incorrectly. To compound this confusion the functionality can, when incorrectly implemented, overlap with that of the parent-database. An SQL schema is simply a namespace within a database, things within this namespace are addressed using the member operator dot ".". This seems to be a universal amongst all of the implementations. SQL (IPA: or ), commonly expanded as Structured Query Language, is a computer language designed for the retrieval and management of data in relational database management systems, database schema creation and modification, and database object access control management. ... In general, a namespace is an abstract container, which is or could be filled by names, or technical terms, or words, and these represent (stand for) real-world things. ... Programming languages generally have a set of operators that are similar to operators in mathematics: they are somehow special functions. ...

A true fully (database, schema, and table) qualified query is exemplified as such: select * from database.schema.table A fully qualified domain name (or FQDN) is an unambiguous domain name that specifies the nodes position in the DNS tree hierarchy absolutely. ...

Now, the issue, both a schema and a database can be used to isolate one table, "foo" from another like named table "foo". The following is pseudo code:

• select * from db1.foo vs. select * from db2.foo (no explicit schema between db and table)
• select * from [db1.]default.foo vs. select * from [db1.]alternate.foo (no explicit db prefix)

The problem that arises is that former MySQL users will mistakenly create multiple databases for one project. In this context MySQL databases are analogous in function to Postgres-schemas, insomuch as Postgres lacks off-the-shelf cross-database functionality that MySQL has. Conversely, Postgres has rightfully applied more of the specification, in a sane-bottom-up approach, implementing cross-table, cross-schema, and then left room for future cross-database functionality. MySQL (pronounced (IPA) , my S-Q-L[1]) is a multithreaded, multi-user SQL database management system (DBMS)[2] which has, according to MySQL AB, more than 10 million installations. ... PostgreSQL is a free software object-relational database server (database management system), released under the flexible BSD-style license. ...

MySQL aliases schema with database behind the scenes, such that create schema and create database behave identically. It can be said that MySQL therefore has implemented cross-table functionality, skipped schema functionality entirely and provided similar functionality into their implementation of a database. In summary, Postgres fully supports schemas, but lacks some functionality MySQL has with databases, while MySQL doesn't even attempt to support true schemas.

The end result is spin from both communities. While the Postgres community maintains that one database is all that is needed for one project, MySQL claims that schemas have no legitimate purpose when the functionality can be achieved with databases. Postgres adheres to more of the SQL specification in a more intuitive fashion (bottom-up), while MySQL's pragmatic counterargument allows their users to get the job done without any major drawback.

See also

• List of relational database management systems
• Comparison of object-relational database management systems

See DBMS for a shorter list of “typical”, representative database management systems. ... This article or section is not written in the formal tone expected of an encyclopedia article. ...

External links

• Comparison of different SQL implementations against SQL standards. Includes Oracle, DB2, Microsoft SQL Server, MySQL and PostgreSQL. (08/Jun/2007)
• Comparison of Oracle 8/9i, MySQL 4.x and PostgreSQL 7.x DBMS against SQL standards. (14/Mar/2005)
• Comparison of Oracle and SQL Server. (2004)
• Comparison of geometrical data handling in PostgreSQL, MySQL and DB2 (29/Sep/2003)
• Open Source Database Software Comparison (Mar/2005)
• PostgreSQL vs. MySQL vs. Commercial Databases: It's All About What You Need (12/Apr/2004)
• The SQL92 standard