This is a comparison of the .NET/Mono and Java/Classpath platforms, excluding their associated programming languages, but including such topics as their history, runtime environments (the Java Runtime Environment and Common Language Runtime), community, development process (Ecma and Java Community Process), politics and licensing issues. .net (network) generic top-level domain (gTLD) used on the Internets Domain Name System. ... Mono is a project led by Novell (formerly by Ximian) to create an Ecma standard compliant . ... “Java language” redirects here. ... GNU Classpath is a project aiming to create a free implementation of the standard class library for the Java programming language. ... This is a comparison of the C# programming language with the Java programming language. ... Ecma International is an international membership-based standards organization for information and communication systems. ... The Java Community Process or JCP, established in 1995, is a formalized process which allows interested parties to be involved in the definition of future versions and features of the Java platform. ...

Both platforms and their associated programming APIs were designed carefully. If one has a feature another lacks it is most often the result of a conscious design decision. Usually when different means are employed to address the similar problems, each will have advantages and disadvantages. As such, the reader is advised to avoid the temptation to 'keep score', and instead think about why the designers chose to implement their solution in a given way.

Market presence

Java is ubiquitous across many disparate operating systems and environments. Numerous Java Virtual Machine (JVM) implementations exist, from both Sun Microsystems and other vendors such as IBM and Apple. In the mobile and embedded space, many companies such as Nokia and Sony have created Java implementation for products like their cell phone and games console range. // An operating system (OS) is the software that manages the sharing of the resources of a computer. ... A Java Virtual Machine (JVM) is a set of computer software programs and data structures which implements a specific virtual machine model. ... For other uses, see IBM (disambiguation) and Big Blue. ... Apple Inc. ... This article is about the telecommunications corporation. ... Sony Corporation ) is a Japanese multinational corporation and one of the worlds largest media conglomerates with revenue of $66. ...

Sun's 2006 decision to open source Java, coupled with the work done on by the GNU Classpath project (with the assistance of companies like IBM) holds promise for free software Java implementations. GNU Classpath is a project aiming to create a free implementation of the standard class library for the Java programming language. ... This article is about free software as used in the sociopolitical free software movement; for non-free software distributed without charge, see freeware. ...

Common Language Runtime (CLR) is also a cross-platform standard. The primary platform is Windows, but implementations do exist for other platforms as well, most notably the Mono Project. .NET also has a growing presence in the mobile space thanks to inclusion in Microsoft's mobile editions of Windows. As yet, support outside of devices running a Microsoft OS is somewhat limited. The Common Language Runtime (CLR) is the virtual machine component of Microsofts . ... A cross-platform (or platform independent) programming language, software application or hardware device works on more than one system platform (e. ... Mono is a project led by Novell, Inc. ...

Legal issues

Standardization

The two platforms, their programming libraries, their binary formats, and their runtime environments have largely been governed by very different means.

The Ecma and the ISO define the .NET executable format (known as the Common Language Infrastructure, or CLI), and foundation classes (the Base Class Library, or BCL). This very formal committee-based standardisation process is in keeping with the way very popular languages like COBOL, Fortran and C have been standardised in the past. The standards do not include many new libraries that Microsoft has implemented on top of the standard framework, such as those for accessing databases, or building GUI and Web applications, such as Windows Forms, ASP.NET and ADO.NET. Ecma International is an international membership-based standards organization for information and communication systems. ... ISO has many meanings: Iso is the stem of the Latin transliteration of the Greek word ίσος (ísos, meaning equal). The iso- prefix in English derives from this and means equality or similarity. ... COBOL (pronounced //) is a third-generation programming language, and one of the oldest programming languages still in active use. ... Fortran (previously FORTRAN[1]) is a general-purpose[2], procedural,[3] imperative programming language that is especially suited to numeric computation and scientific computing. ... The C Programming Language, Brian Kernighan and Dennis Ritchie, the original edition that served for many years as an informal specification of the language The C programming language is a low-level standardized programming language developed in the early 1970s by Ken Thompson and Dennis Ritchie for use on the... Microsoft Windows Forms is the name given to the GUI portion of the Microsoft . ... ASP.NET logo ASP.NET is a web application framework marketed by Microsoft that programmers can use to build dynamic web sites, web applications and XML web services. ... ADO.NET is a set of computer software components that can be used by programmers to access data and data services. ...

To date, no part of Java has been standardized by Ecma, the ISO, the ANSI, or any other third-party standards organization. While Sun Microsystems has unlimited and exclusive legal rights to modify and license its Java trademarks, source code, and other materials, Sun voluntarily participates in a process called the Java Community Process (JCP) that allows interested parties to propose changes to any of Sun's Java technologies (from language and tools to API) via forums, consultation exercises and expert groups. The JCP requires a membership fee for commercial contributors, while non-commercial contributors and individuals can join for free. Ecma International is an international membership-based standards organization for information and communication systems. ... ISO has many meanings: Iso is the stem of the Latin transliteration of the Greek word ίσος (ísos, meaning equal). The iso- prefix in English derives from this and means equality or similarity. ... The American National Standards Institute (ANSI) is a private, non-profit standards organization that produces industrial standards in the United States. ... Sun Microsystems, Inc. ... The Java Community Process or JCP, established in 1995, is a formalized process which allows interested parties to be involved in the definition of future versions and features of the Java platform. ...

Within the rules of the JCP anyone can bring forward a proposal for a new Platform Edition Specifications or suggest changes to the Java language. All proposals are reviewed and voted on by interested JCP members at various stages throughout their lifecycle, however when it comes to including changes into the standard reference implementations (JavaSE, JavaEE and JavaME) modifications may be subject to rejection by Sun, who retain ultimate power of veto.

Java standards are maintained by a suite of test applications which examine every aspect of a given Java implementation against a rigorous specification. Only if an implementation passes the tens of thousands of individual tests can it use the trademarked name "Java", and associated logos and brands.

License

Java

While "Java" is a Sun trademark, and only Sun can license the name "Java", numerous free software projects exist that are partially compatible with Sun Java. Most notably, GNU Classpath and GCJ provide a free software class library and a compiler that are partially compatible with the current version of Sun Java.^[1] Sun announced in November 13, 2006 that all Java source code, excluding closed-source code for which they do not retain rights, will be released under a modified version of the GPL^[2], and then already released two fundamental parts of the JRE and JDK: HotSpot and the javac compiler under the GPL^[3][4]. GNU Classpath is a project aiming to create a free implementation of the standard class library for the Java programming language. ... The GNU Compiler for Java (GCJ) is a free software compiler for the Java programming language that is part of the GNU Compiler Collection. ... is the 317th day of the year (318th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2006 (MMVI) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ... Closed source is an antonym for open source and refers to any program whose license does not meet the definition of Open-source software. ... The GNU logo The GNU General Public License (GNU GPL or simply GPL) is a widely-used free software license, originally written by Richard Stallman for the GNU project. ... JRE can mean Java programming language Justin Reese This is a disambiguation page — a navigational aid which lists other pages that might otherwise share the same title. ... The Java Development Kit (JDK) is a Sun product aimed at Java developers. ... HotSpot is the primary Java Virtual Machine for desktops and servers produced by Sun Microsystems. ... In computing, a Java compiler is a computer program that translates programs in Java to Java byte-code. ... GPL redirects here. ...

Following their promise, Sun released the complete source code of the Class library under GPL on May 8, 2007, except some limited parts that were licensed by Sun from 3rd parties who did not want their code to be released under an open-source license ^[5] (see also Free Java implementations). Sun's goal is to replace the parts that remain closed with alternative implementations and make the class library completely open. Source code (commonly just source or code) is any series of statements written in some human-readable computer programming language. ... is the 128th day of the year (129th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the AD/CE era. ... Free Java implementations are software projects that reimplement Suns Java technologies and are distributed under free software licences, thus making them free software / open source software. ...

.NET

Microsoft's .NET CLI executable environment, and much of the corresponding class library, have been standardized and can be freely implemented without a license. Several standards-compliant free software environments have been implemented, such as the Mono Project and DotGNU. The Mono Project has also implemented many of Microsoft's non-standard libraries by examining Microsoft materials, similar to GNU Classpath and Java. Mono is a project led by Novell, Inc. ... DotGNU is a part of the GNU Project that aims to provide a free software replacement for the Microsoft . ...

Microsoft is currently distributing a shared source version of its .NET runtime environment for non-profit use.^[6] Shared source is Microsoft’s framework for sharing computer program source code with individuals and organizations, which has been imitated by other companies such as RISC OS Open Limited. ...

The Mono project aims to avoid infringing on any patents or copyrights, and to the extent that they are successful, the project can be safely distributed and used under the GPL. On November 2, 2006, Microsoft and Novell announced a joint agreement whereby Microsoft promised not to sue Novell or its customers for patent infringement.^[7] According to a statement on the blog of Mono project leader Miguel de Icaza, this agreement only extends to Mono for Novell developers and users. The GNU logo The GNU General Public License (GNU GPL or simply GPL) is a widely-used free software license, originally written by Richard Stallman for the GNU project. ... is the 306th day of the year (307th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2006 (MMVI) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ...

The Microsoft/Novell agreement was criticized by some in the open source community because it violates the principles of giving equal rights to all users of a particular program (see Agreement with Microsoft and Mono and Microsoft’s patents). Open source refers to projects that are open to the public and which draw on other projects that are freely available to the general public. ... Novell Inc. ... Mono is a project led by Novell (formerly by Ximian) to create an Ecma standard compliant . ...

In retaliation to the Microsoft/Novell agreement the Free Software Foundation revised its GNU General Public License to close the loophole used by Microsoft and Novell to bypass the GPL's very restrictive provisions on patent deals.^[8] The FSF also stated that by selling coupons for Novell's Linux software, the mechanism by which Microsoft circumvented the GNU license, it considers Microsoft to be a Linux vendor, and thereby subject to the full terms and conditions laid out in the GPL.^[8] (Microsoft issued the coupons because on the patent deal worked out between the two companies Novell's network patents were considered far more profitable to Microsoft than Microsoft's .NET patents were to Novell.) The Free Software Foundation (FSF) is a non-profit corporation founded in October 1985 by Richard Stallman to support the free software movement (free as in freedom), and in particular the GNU project. ... The GNU logo The GNU General Public License (GNU GPL or simply GPL) is a widely-used free software license, originally written by Richard Stallman for the GNU project. ...

On May 14, 2007, Microsoft licensing chief Horacio Gutierrez said on Fortune that Linux and associated free softwares violated 235 patents owned by Microsoft.^[9] Some thought that Microsoft wanted by this move to make other open-source software vendors to follow Novell's lead.^[10] However, by this move, it has been commented that this "ended any illusion that Microsoft planned to try to build bridges with the open-source community".^[11] Also, this virtually threatens people that use the non-core part (the part that is not covered by the ECMA standard, and is patented by Microsoft) of Mono on other Linux platforms than Novell's Suse.^{[citation needed]} May 14 is the 134th day of the year (135th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the AD/CE era. ... Fortune magazine is Americas second longest-running business magazine after Forbes magazine. ... This article is about operating systems that use the Linux kernel. ... This article is about operating systems that use the Linux kernel. ... SUSE (pronounced IPA: , properly (in German), ZOO-za, loosely SOO-sa [1] in English) is a major retail Linux distribution, produced in Germany and owned by Novell, Inc. ...

Community

In its proprietorship of Java, Sun works with an open culture, allowing multiple parties, from organizations to individuals, to steer the decision making process. Sun retains exclusive and unlimited legal rights to its Java intellectual properties, and the Java community is subject to those rights. For the 2006 film, see Intellectual Property (film). ...

Sun's acceptance of third-party contributions goes to solve the problem of vendor lock-in at the cost of sometimes creating a baffling array of options for beginners wishing to choose a Java-based solution. Java has grown in popularity to become one of the most popular languages of the early 21st century, and the pluralist nature of its development has resulted in many different groups tackling the same (or similar) problems. This issue is particularly acute in the Enterprise space (web/Ajax/Web2.0 applications), where one must not only be familiar with Java, but also the various competing frameworks.

While Microsoft has developed C# and .NET without a formal community contribution system, the language and some parts of the executable format and runtime have been standardized and freely distributed through Ecma and the ISO in an open and vendor-neutral process, rather than a process that retains veto and copy rights for Microsoft. However, the standards do not include many new libraries that Microsoft has implemented on top of the standard framework (see Standardization). Numerous C# and CLI community software projects, help and documentation sites, and discussion forums are under active development and maintenance, including those focusing on Windows development with Microsoft .NET or the Mono project, Free software Operating system development under the Mono project, and mobile development using Microsoft's .NET compact framework.. Microsoft Corporation, (NASDAQ: MSFT, HKSE: 4338) is a multinational computer technology corporation with global annual revenue of US$44. ... Mono is a project led by Novell (formerly by Ximian) to create an Ecma standard compliant . ... This article is about free software as used in the sociopolitical free software movement; for non-free software distributed without charge, see freeware. ... // An operating system (OS) is the software that manages the sharing of the resources of a computer. ... Mono is a project led by Novell (formerly by Ximian) to create an Ecma standard compliant . ...

Microsoft is distributing a shared source release (version 1.0) of the .NET virtual machine that can be compiled and used on Windows, FreeBSD, Mac OS X, and other platforms.^[12] An updated version (2.0) is currently available, but the only officially supported platform is Windows.^[13] A community port to Linux of the 1.0 shared source .NET virtual machine is also available.^[14] In March 2003, O'Reilly Media published a book about Microsoft's shared source .NET runtime.^[15] Shared source is Microsoft’s framework for sharing computer program source code with individuals and organizations, which has been imitated by other companies such as RISC OS Open Limited. ...

Traditional computer applications

Desktop applications

Java has sometimes been accused of promising much and delivering little when it comes to desktop applications.^{[citation needed]} Although Java's AWT (Abstract Windowing Toolkit) and Swing libraries are not shy of features, Java has struggled to establish a foothold in the desktop market. Its rigid adherence to the notion of write once, run anywhere makes it difficult to use to the maximum the unique features and modes of working within each individual desktop environment. In the past, desktop applications written in Java have often been accused of looking "alien" on any platform they are run on, although recent versions of Java have started allowing greater use of native widgets.^[16] Sun Microsystems has also been slow, in the eyes of some,^{[citation needed]} to promote Java to developers and end users alike in a way which makes it an appealing choice for desktop software. Even technologies such as Java Web Start, which have few parallels within rival languages and platforms, have barely been promoted. The Abstract Windowing Toolkit (AWT) is Javas platform_independent windowing, graphics, and user_interface widget toolkit. ... Example Swing widgets in Java 5. ... Sun Microsystems, Inc. ... Java Web Start, introduced in Java 2, allows provisioning applications over the Web by clicking a desktop icon or a link on a website. ...

The release of Java version 6.0 in December 11, 2006, saw a renewed focus on the desktop market with an extensive set of new tools for closer integration with the desktop. At the 2007 JavaOne conference Sun made further desktop related announcements, including a new language aimed at taking on Adobe Flash (JavaFX), a new lightweight way of downloading the JRE which sees the initial footprint reduced to under 2Mb, and a renewed focus on multimedia libraries. December 11 is the 345th day of the year (346th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2006 (MMVI) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the AD/CE era. ... Attendees at the 2004 JavaOne conference described their vision of the future of Java on a whiteboard. ... Adobe Flash, or simply Flash, refers to both the Adobe Flash Player, and to the Adobe Flash Professional multimedia authoring program. ... JavaFX is a family of products and technologies from Sun Microsystems, first announced at the JavaOne developers conference in May 2007. ... This article does not cite any references or sources. ...

An alternative to AWT and Swing is the Standard Widget Toolkit (SWT), which was originally developed by IBM and now maintained by the Eclipse Foundation, attempts to achieve improved performance and visualization of Java desktop applications by relying on underlying native libraries where possible. The Eclipse IDE, the first application to use SWT The Standard Widget Toolkit (SWT) is a graphical widget toolkit for the Java platform. ... The SWT (or Standard Widget Toolkit) is a framework for developing graphical user interfaces in Java. ... The Eclipse Foundation leads the development of Eclipse, the open-source Java application platform and IDE. // In 2003–2004 the Eclipse Consortium, an unofficial consortium of software industry vendors led by IBM, founded The Eclipse Foundation, a not-for-profit legal entity to lead and develop Eclipse. ...

.NET has become increasingly common on in open source and free software systems due to its inclusion ^[17] by the GNOME desktop environment using the Mono framework. This article is about the mythical creature. ... Information in this article or section has not been verified against sources and may not be reliable. ...

Server applications

This is probably the arena in which the two platforms are closest to being considered rivals. Java, through its Java EE (aka J2EE, Java(2) Enterprise Edition) platform, and .NET through ASP.NET, compete to create web-based dynamic content and applications. Java 2 Platform, Enterprise Edition or Java EE (formerly also J2EE) is a programming platform — part of the Java platform — for developing and running distributed multi-tier architecture applications, based largely on modular components running on an application server. ... ASP.NET logo ASP.NET is a web application framework marketed by Microsoft that programmers can use to build dynamic web sites, web applications and XML web services. ...

Both platforms are well used and supported in this market, with a bevy of tools and supporting products available for JavaEE and .NET. And both have high profile backers. For example, for Java: Oracle included direct support for Java into its database, while Google has used Java to power tools like Gmail^[18]. Oracle Corporation (NASDAQ: ORCL) is one of the major companies developing database management systems (DBMS), tools for database development, middle-tier software, enterprise resource planning software (ERP), customer relationship management software (CRM) and supply chain management (SCM) software. ... The term Oracle database may refer either to the database management system (DBMS) software released by Oracle Corporation as Oracle RDBMS, or to any of the individual databases managed by such software. ... This article is about the corporation. ... For other uses, see Gmail (disambiguation). ...

Some of Sun's current Java-related license agreements for Java EE define aspects of the Java platform as a trade secret,^[19] and prohibit the end user from contributing to a third-party Java environment. Specifically, at least one current license for a Sun Java EE development package contains the following terms: "You may make a single archival copy of Software, but otherwise may not copy, modify, or distribute Software." — "Unless enforcement is prohibited by applicable law, you may not decompile, or reverse engineer Software." — "You may not publish or provide the results of any benchmark or comparison tests run on Software to any third party without the prior written consent of Sun." — "Software is confidential and copyrighted."^[19] However, while Sun's software is subject to the above license terms, Sun's Java EE API reference has been implemented under an open source license by the JOnAS project. API may refer to: In computing, application programming interface In petroleum industry, American Petroleum Institute In education, Academic Performance Index This page concerning a three-letter acronym or abbreviation is a disambiguation page — a navigational aid which lists other pages that might otherwise share the same title. ... Jonas may refer to: Jonas (name) In Christianity: Justus Jonas, German Protestant reformer Saint Jonah, the Metropolitan bishop of Moscow Jonah, Old Testament prophet Jonas of Orléans, Bishop of Orléans (circa 760-841) In music: Jonas, young canadian rocker from Montréal Jonas, famous oratorio by Italian composer...

Microsoft's implementation of ASP.NET is not part of the standardized CLI, and while Microsoft's runtime environment and development tools are not subject to comparable secrecy agreements to Java EE, the official Microsoft tools are not open source or free software, and require Windows servers. However, a cross-platform free software ASP.NET 1.1 implementation is part of the Mono project.^[20] ASP.NET logo ASP.NET is a web application framework marketed by Microsoft that programmers can use to build dynamic web sites, web applications and XML web services. ... Open source refers to projects that are open to the public and which draw on other projects that are freely available to the general public. ... This article is about free software as used in the sociopolitical free software movement; for non-free software distributed without charge, see freeware. ... A cross-platform (or platform independent) programming language, software application or hardware device works on more than one system platform (e. ... Mono is a project led by Novell (formerly by Ximian) to create an Ecma standard compliant . ...

Embedded applications

Mobile applications

Java's J2ME (aka JavaME, Java(2) Micro Edition) has a very large base within the mobile phone and PDA markets, with only the cheapest devices now devoid of a KVM (a cut down Java Virtual Machine for use on devices with limited processing power). Java software, including many games, is commonplace. Java 2 Platform, Micro Edition, or J2ME, is a collection of Java APIs targeting embedded consumer products such as PDAs, cell phones and other consumer appliances. ... Look up Personal digital assistant in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ... A Java virtual machine or JVM is a virtual machine that runs Java byte code. ...

While almost every mobile phone includes a JVM, these features are not always heavily used by users (particularly in North America). Initially Java applications on most phones typically consisted of menuing systems, small games, or systems to download ringtones etc. However, more powerful phones are increasingly being sold with simple applications pre-loaded, such as translation dictionaries, world clock displays (darkness/light, timezones, etc.) and calculators. Some of these are written in Java, although how often phone owners actually use them is probably unknown.

In January 2007 Steve Jobs suggested that Apple's iPhone would not support Java ^[21][22]. Significantly, at that time Java's mobile platform was perceived as nearly ubiquitous across the cell phone market, commonly being used by software companies to write device-neutral mobile applications. Noted commentators argued against Jobs' stand ^[23], but when the iPhone finally appeared it did indeed lack both Java and Adobe's rival Flash technology, favouring instead simple web applications using the phone's Safari browser. The correct title of this article is . ... Safari is a web browser developed by Apple Inc. ...

In May 2007 Sun used the JavaOne conference to announce JavaFX, as a direct response to Adobe's attempt to introduce Flash onto mobile devices. May 2007 is the fifth month of that year. ... Attendees at the 2004 JavaOne conference described their vision of the future of Java on a whiteboard. ... JavaFX is a family of products and technologies from Sun Microsystems, first announced at the JavaOne developers conference in May 2007. ...

Leading edge technologies

Java has found a market in digital television, where it can be used to provide software which sits alongside programming, or extends the capabilities of a given Set Top Box. TiVo, for example, has a facility called "Home Media Engine", which allows JavaTV software to be transmitted to an appropriate TiVo device to complement programming or provide extra functionality (for example, personalised stock tickers on a business news program.) The term set-top box describes a device that connects to a television and some external source of signal, and turns the signal into content then displayed on the screen. ... TiVo (pronounced tee-voh, IPA: ) is a popular brand of digital video recorder (DVR) in the United States. ... JavaTV is a Java-based API for iTV applications development. ...

A variant of Java has been accepted as the official software tool for use on the next generation optical disc technology Blu-ray, via the BD-J interactive platform. This will mean that interactive content, such as menus, games, downloadables, etc. on all Blu-ray optical discs will be created under a variant of the Java platform. Blu-ray equipment first went on sale to the consumer in 2006, and is currently not widely owned. However, the release of the Sony Playstation 3 in late 2006 and early 2007 may give the platform a boost. Blu-ray discs Blu-ray Disc is a next-generation optical disc format jointly developed by a group of leading consumer electronics and PC companies called the Blu_ray Disc Association (BDA), which succeeds the Blu_ray Disc Founders (BDF). ... BD-J, or Blu-ray Disc Java, is the interactive platform supporting advanced content for Blu-ray Disc. ... Sony Corporation ) is a Japanese multinational corporation and one of the worlds largest media conglomerates with revenue of $66. ... The PlayStation 3 , trademarked PLAYSTATION®3,[3] commonly abbreviated PS3) is the third home video game console produced by Sony Computer Entertainment; successor to the PlayStation 2. ...

Rather than using Java, HD DVD (the high definition successor to DVD) uses a technology jointly developed by Microsoft and Disney called HDi that is based on XML, CSS, JavaScript, and other technologies that are comparable to those used by standard web browsers. HD-DVD disc HD DVD (for High Density Digital Versatile Disc) is a digital optical media format which is being developed as one standard for high-definition DVD. HD DVD is similar to the competing Blu-ray Disc, which also uses the same CD sized (120 mm diameter) optical data... Size comparison: A 12 cm Sony DVD+RW and a 19 cm Dixon Ticonderoga pencil. ... Microsoft Corporation, (NASDAQ: MSFT, HKSE: 4338) is a multinational computer technology corporation with global annual revenue of US$44. ... The Walt Disney Company (NYSE: DIS) is one of the largest media and entertainment corporations in the world. ... HDi (abbreviation taken from interactive high definition, formerly iHD[]) is a format developed by Microsoft and Toshiba for providing interactive menus and special features such as additional bonus/extras content and games for HD DVD, (one of the high-definition video formats). ... The Extensible Markup Language (XML) is a W3C-recommended general-purpose markup language that supports a wide variety of applications. ... In web development, Cascading Style Sheets (CSS) is a stylesheet language used to describe the presentation of a document written in a markup language. ... It has been suggested that Client-side JavaScript be merged into this article or section. ... An example of a Web browser (Internet Explorer 7) A Web browser is a software application that enables a user to display and interact with text, images, and other information typically located on a Web page at a website on the World Wide Web or a local area network. ...

The BD-J platform is more sophisticated than its iHD rival, with an alleged 8,000 methods and interfaces, as opposed to iHD's 400^[24]. And while Microsoft is pushing iHD's XML presentation layer by including it with Windows Vista, iHD is still a newcomer in a market sector where Java technologies are already commonplace^[25].

Runtime inclusion in operating systems

.NET/Mono

On Windows, Microsoft is promoting .NET as its flagship development platform,^[26] by including the .NET runtime in Windows Server 2003 and Windows Vista, and distributing the Visual C# Express development environment at no cost.^[27]

While neither .NET nor Mono are installed with Mac OS X out-of-the-box, the Mono project can be downloaded and installed separately, for free, for any Mac user who wants to build and/or run C# and .NET software.

C# and the CLI are included and used in a number of Linux and BSD based operating systems by way of including the free software Mono Project.^[28][29][30]

As a result of inclusion of .NET or Mono runtimes in the distributions of Windows and Linux, applications that utilize the programming interfaces that are common to both .NET and Mono can be developed in C# or any other .NET language and then deployed across many operating systems and processor architectures using a runtime environment that is available as a part of the operating system's installation.^[31][32][33] Both Microsoft .NET and the Mono project have complete support for the Ecma- and ISO-standardized C# language and .NET runtime, and many of Microsoft's non-standardized .NET programming interfaces have been implemented or are under development in Mono,[1] but each environment includes many components that have not been implemented in the other.

Java

Starting with XP, Windows does not ship with a Java runtime environment. However according to a September 2003 press release some OEMs agreed to pre-install the JRE on their desktop and laptop models. Mentioned were Acer, Dell, Gateway, Hewlett-Packard, and Toshiba.^[34]. These companies combined make up a simple majority of consumer PC's sold in the United States of America [2]. Original equipment manufacturer, or OEM, is a term that refers to a situation in which one company purchases a manufactured product from another company and resells the product as its own, usually as a part of a larger product it sells. ... Acer (LSE: ACID) (Traditional Chinese: ) is a Taiwanese multinational electronics manufacturer. ... This article is about the corporation Dell, Inc. ... Gateway has several meanings. ... The Hewlett-Packard Company (NYSE: HPQ), commonly known as HP, is a very large, global company headquartered in Palo Alto, California, United States. ... Toshiba Corporations headquarters (Center) in Hamamatsucho, Tokyo Toshiba Corporation sales by division for year ending March 31, 2005 Toshiba Corporation ) (TYO: 6502 ) is a Japanese multinational conglomerate manufacturing company, headquartered in Tokyo, Japan. ...

Apple's support for Java means it has come pre-installed on all new Apple computers since the launch of MacOS X.

Java comes pre-installed with many commercial Unix flavours, including those from Sun, IBM and Hewlett Packard. Sun Microsystems, Inc. ... For other uses, see IBM (disambiguation) and Big Blue. ... It has been suggested that HP ProLiant be merged into this article or section. ...

Several Linux maintainers distribute non-free components including Sun Java in official archives that are separated from their main operating system distribution, for example Debian non-free,^[35] Ubuntu multiverse,^[36] Slackware extra,^[37] OpenSuse non-OSS,^[38] and Mandriva^[39]. Debian is a free operating system. ... Ubuntu (official IPA pronunciation (oo-BOON-too[5])) is a predominantly desktop-oriented Linux distribution, based on Debian GNU/Linux but with a stronger focus on usability, regular releases, and ease of installation. ... Slackware was one of the earliest Linux distributions, and is the oldest, and most UNIX-like, distribution still being maintained[1]. It was created by Patrick Volkerding of Slackware Linux, Inc. ... openSUSE is a community project, sponsored by Novell, to develop and maintain a general purpose Linux distribution. ... Mandriva (merger of Mandrakesoft, Lycoris, and Conectiva) is a French software company, and creator of Mandriva Linux. ...

The Operating System Distributor License for Java (DLJ)^[40] is a Sun initiative to ease distribution issues with operating systems based on OpenSolaris or Linux.

Free software operating systems are currently unable to include any Sun Java Runtime Environment because Sun has not yet released its Java class library under a free software license.^[4][41][42] Until either GNU Classpath (the closest-to-compatible free software alternative) implements features of more recent Java version 1.6, or Sun Java completes its free software transition, no fully compatible Java implementation will be available pre-installed on free software platforms. However, the IcedTea project has been started by Red Hat to be able to bundle OpenJDK in Fedora Core and other free Linux distributions, without using any non free code. It is basically an OpenJDK/GNU Classpath hybrid that can be used to bootstrap OpenJDK using only Free Software^[43][44] This article is about free software as used in the sociopolitical free software movement; for non-free software distributed without charge, see freeware. ... Java Logo The Java Runtime Environment, or JRE, or J2RE is a software bundle from Sun Microsystems that allows a computer system to run a Java application. ... Sun Microsystems, Inc. ... IcedTea is a software development and integration project launched by Red Hat in June 2007. ... Red Hat, Inc. ... Fedora Core is an RPM-based Linux distribution, developed by the community-supported Fedora Project and sponsored by Red Hat. ... This article is about operating systems that use the Linux kernel. ... GNU Classpath is a project aiming to create a free implementation of the standard class library for the Java programming language. ...

GNU Classpath is almost 100% compatible with the 1.4 version of Sun Java^[45] and as of April 2007 has managed to implement Generics^[46], but may be unable to act as a runtime environment for Java programs that utilize features that are new to the current version of Java.^[47]

If Java is not installed on a computer by default, it may be downloaded by the user as a web plugin. The web plugin process has been criticised because of the size of the Java plugin. Unlike other plugins (notably Shockwave Flash) the Java download is a full runtime environment, capable of running not just applets, but full applications and dynamic WebStart apps. Because of this the download footprint is larger than some web plugins.^[48].

At the JavaOne event in May 2007 Sun announced that the deployment issues with Java would be solved in two major updates during the lifespan of Java 6 (the changes will not be held over to Java 7.) These include: Attendees at the 2004 JavaOne conference described their vision of the future of Java on a whiteboard. ... May 2007 is the fifth month of that year. ...

• the introduction of a new consumer JRE edition, with an initial 2Mb footprint and the ability to download the remaining 9Mb in sections using an on-demand methodology.
• the development of drop-in cross platform JavaScript code, which can be used from a web page to install the necessary JRE for a given applet or Rich Internet Application to run, if necessary.
• an improvement in support for automatically downloading updates to the JRE.
• support for pre-loading of the JRE, so applets and applications written in Java start up almost instantaneously.

It has been suggested that Client-side JavaScript be merged into this article or section. ... Rich Internet applications (RIA) are Web applications that have the features and functionality of traditional desktop applications. ...

See also

• Comparison of C# and Java
• Criticism of Java
• Java programming language
• C#

This is a comparison of the C# programming language with the Java programming language. ... The Java programming language was intended to serve as a novel way to manage software complexity. ... “Java language” redirects here. ... The title given to this article is incorrect due to technical limitations. ...

References

1. ^ Results of comparison between jdk15 and classpath
2. ^ http://www.sun.com/software/opensource/java/project_overview.jsp
3. ^ Sun openjdk: Home
4. ^ ^{a b} Sun Java 2 Runtime License Agreement
5. ^ Open JDK is here!. Sun Microsystems (2007-05-08). Retrieved on 2007-05-09.
6. ^ Rotor: Shared Source CLI Provides Source Code for a FreeBSD Implementation of .NET
7. ^ Microsoft and Novell Announce Broad Collaboration on Windows and Linux Interoperability and Support
8. ^ ^{a b} Microsoft takes on the free world.
9. ^ Microsoft claims software like Linux violates its patents
10. ^ Microsoft inks more Novell-like patent-infringement deals
11. ^ GPLv3 the impetus for Microsoft's latest Linux attack campaign
12. ^ Shared Source Common Language Infrastructure 1.0 Release
13. ^ Shared Source Common Language Infrastructure 2.0 Release
14. ^ Rotor Comes to Linux
15. ^ oreilly.com -- Online Catalog: Shared Source CLI Essentials
16. ^ Java – What's New in Java SE 6
17. ^ Mono-Applications-Aplenty!, OSNews
18. ^ Google Web Toolkit
19. ^ ^{a b} Java EE SDK 5 Update 2 No JDK download page (reference to license agreement)
20. ^ Mono: ASP.NET
21. ^ Jobs: No Java for you
22. ^ Steve Jobs on iPhone: No Java For You
23. ^ Steve Jobs alert: Killer Java app for iPhone
24. ^ HD-DVD vs. Blu-Ray, round 2
25. ^ Format Wars - Blu-ray vs HD DVD
26. ^ Microsoft article that refers to C# as its "flagship" language.
27. ^ microsoft.com: Visual C#
28. ^ Fedora embraces Mono - ZDNet UK
29. ^ Debian -- mono
30. ^ Wikipedia Uses Mono; Mono Integrated into Ubuntu/Debian - OSNews.com
31. ^ Fredora Catches Mono
32. ^ SUSE 10.1 released
33. ^ Wikipedia Uses Mono; Mono Integrated into Ubuntu/Debian
34. ^ Sun signs up five more OEMs for Java
35. ^ Debian Java package
36. ^ Ubuntu Java package
37. ^ Slackware Java package
38. ^ OpenSUSE Java package
39. ^ Mandriva Java package
40. ^ Operating System Distributor License for Java (DLJ)
41. ^ GNU Classpath FAQ: isn't java free already?
42. ^ GNU Classpath tainted developer description
43. ^ Andrew, Haley (2007-06-07). Experimental Build Repository at icedtea.classpath.org. Retrieved on 2007-06-09.
44. ^ Mark, Wielaard (2007-06-07). Experimental Build Repository at icedtea.classpath.org. Retrieved on 2007-06-09.
45. ^ Results of comparison between jdk14 and classpath
46. ^ GNU Classpath 0.95 "Take Five" released
47. ^ Results of comparison between jdk15 and classpath
48. ^ Compared to Java, other popular browser plugins may have similar or larger sizes: Java 6 JRE is 13 MB, but Acrobat Reader is 18 MB, QuickTime 19 MB, Windows Media Player 13 MB, and the .NET Framework 2.0 runtime is 22 MB.

Year 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the AD/CE era. ... is the 128th day of the year (129th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the AD/CE era. ... is the 129th day of the year (130th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the AD/CE era. ... June 7 is the 158th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (159th in leap years), with 207 days remaining. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the AD/CE era. ... June 9 is the 160th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (161st in leap years), with 205 days remaining. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the AD/CE era. ... June 7 is the 158th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (159th in leap years), with 207 days remaining. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the AD/CE era. ... June 9 is the 160th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (161st in leap years), with 205 days remaining. ... Java Logo The Java Runtime Environment, or JRE, or J2RE is a software bundle from Sun Microsystems that allows a computer system to run a Java application. ... How in the world are you ppl so fast. ... QuickTime is a multimedia framework developed by Apple Inc. ... Windows Media Player (WMP) is a digital media player and media library application developed by Microsoft that is used for playing audio, video and viewing images on personal computers running the Microsoft Windows operating system, as well as on Pocket PC and Windows Mobile-based devices. ... It has been suggested that Com interop be merged into this article or section. ...

External links